准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷梧桐沟组层序地层划分     

郭佳  宋双  王一博 《江苏地质》2018,42(4):558-567

准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系梧桐沟组作为一套重要的储集岩,具有良好的油气成藏前景,但对其层序划分及地层沉积样式的认识一直存在争议。在构造背景分析的基础上,结合岩芯、测井及地震资料,对研究区梧桐沟组层序地层划分及地层沉积样式研究表明,梧桐沟组沉积时期构造强度较弱,地形较为平缓,地层在全区稳定分布;中晚二叠世盆地发生造山运动,吉木萨尔凹陷东南边缘区域经过构造抬升,上部地层遭受不同程度的剥蚀,形成了现今"底平顶削"的地层样式。以凹陷中部少数地层保存较全的井的地层叠加样式分析为基础,通过井-震结合识别不同类型界面,特别是最大湖泛面,建立了区域层序地层格架,即梧桐沟组为一个完整的长期基准面旋回(三级层序),并在其内部识别出5个中期旋回。梧桐沟组地层在不同的层序发育时期表现出不同的旋回叠加样式:下段沉积时期,即最大湖泛面以下,随着可容纳空间的增大,地层表现为明显的退积叠加样式;上段沉积时期,即最大湖泛面以上,随着可容纳空间的减小,地层表现为明显的进积叠加样式,符合沉积物体积分配原理。  相似文献   

Detection and mapping of bracken fern weeds using multispectral remotely sensed data: a review of progress and challenges     

Trylee Nyasha Matongera  Onisimo Mutanga  Timothy Dube  Romano Trent Lottering 《国际地球制图》2018,33(3):209-224

Bracken fern is one of the major invasive plants distributed all over the world currently threatening socio-economic and ecological systems due to its ability to swiftly colonize landscapes. The study aimed at reviewing the progress and challenges in detecting and mapping of bracken fern weeds using different remote sensing techniques. Evidence from literature have revealed that traditional methods such as field surveys and modelling have been insufficient in detecting and mapping the spatial distribution of bracken fern at a regional scale. The applications of medium spatial resolution sensors have been constrained by their limited spatial, spectral and radiometric capabilities in detecting and mapping bracken fern. On the other hand, the availability of most of these data-sets free of charge, large swath width and their high temporal resolution have significantly improved remote sensing of bracken fern. The use of commercial satellite data with high resolution have also proven useful in providing fine spectral and spatial resolution capabilities that are primarily essential to offer precise and reliable data on the spatial distribution of invasive species. However, the application of these data-sets is largely restricted to smaller areas, due to high costs and huge data volumes. Studies on bracken fern classification have extensively adopted traditional classification methods such as supervised maximum likelihood classifier. In studies where traditional methods performed poorly, the combination of soft classifiers such as super resolution analysis and traditional methods of classification have shown an improvement in bracken fern classification. Finally, since high spatial resolution sensors are expensive to acquire and have small swath width, the current study recommends that future research can also consider investigating the utility of the freely available recently launched sensors with a global footprint that has the potential to provide invaluable information for repeated measurement of invasive species over time and space.  相似文献   

Deformation patterns of upper Quaternary strata and their relation to active tectonics,Po Basin,Italy     

Alessandro Amorosi  Luigi Bruno  Bruno Campo  Bianca Costagli  Wan Hong  Vincenzo Picotti  Stefano Claudio Vaiani 《Sedimentology》2021,68(1):402-424

Despite increased application of subsurface datasets below the limits of seismic resolution, reconstructing near‐surface deformation of shallow key stratigraphic markers beneath modern alluvial and coastal plains through sediment core analysis has received little attention. Highly resolved stratigraphy of Upper Pleistocene to Holocene (Marine Isotope Stage 5e to Marine Isotope Stage 1) alluvial, deltaic and coastal depositional systems across the southern Po Plain, down to 150 m depth, provides an unambiguous documentation on the deformation of previously flat‐lying strata that goes back in time beyond the limits of morphological, historical and palaeoseismic records. Five prominent key horizons, accurately selected on the basis of their sedimentological characteristics and typified for their fossil content, were used as highly effective stratigraphic markers (M1 to M5) that can be tracked for tens of kilometres across the basin. A facies‐controlled approach tied to a robust chronology (102 radiocarbon dates) reveals considerable deformation of laterally extensive nearshore (M1), continental (M2 and M3) and lagoon (M4 and M5) marker beds originally deposited in a horizontal position (M1, M4 and M5). The areas where antiformal geometries are best observed are remarkably coincident with the axes of buried ramp anticlines, across which new seismic images reveal substantially warped stratal geometries of Lower Pleistocene strata. The striking spatial coincidence of fold crests with the epicentres of historic and instrumental seismicity suggests that deformation of marker beds M1 to M5 might reflect, in part at least, syntectonically generated relief and, thus, active tectonism. Precise identification and lateral tracing of chronologically constrained stratigraphic markers in the ¹⁴C time window through combined sedimentological and palaeoecological data may delineate late Quaternary subsurface stratigraphic architecture at an unprecedented level of detail, outlining cryptic stratal geometries at the sub‐seismic scale. This approach is highly reproducible in tectonically active Quaternary depositional systems and can help to assess patterns of active deformation in the subsurface of modern alluvial and coastal plains worldwide.  相似文献   

思茅地块西缘大凹子组地层序列及地质时代          下载免费PDF全文

魏月华  甘正勤  刘桂春  冯庆来 《地球科学》2021,46(2):418-431

目前关于思茅地块西缘大凹子组的形成时代仍有分歧.在思茅地块西缘大中河剖面采集了硅质岩、砂岩、凝灰岩和玄武岩,通过放射虫组合和锆石U-Pb年龄方法,厘定其地质时代,并结合区域资料恢复地层序列.通过详细剖面实测,发现该剖面由6个地层断片组成:第一、四断片以含放射虫硅质岩为特征,放射虫组合指示其时代为晚泥盆世至早石炭世早期;第二、五断片以火山碎屑岩、具有鲍玛序列沉积特征的火山碎屑沉积岩为主,锆石U-Pb同位素年龄指示其时代为志留纪中期至早泥盆世;第三、六断片以火山岩沉积为特征,锆石U-Pb同位素年龄指示其时代为志留纪早期.结合前人资料认为思茅地块西缘分布的海相火山岩、碎屑岩和含放射虫硅质岩地层层序代表了志留纪到早石炭世早期的岛弧火山-沉积地层序列.   相似文献   

永定河中下游MIS7以来地层沉积演化及新石器时代以来气候变化          下载免费PDF全文

赵勇  杨誉博  李瑞杰  杨吉龙  王强  李亚林  王纯君  魏波  方同明  王志辉 《中国地质》2021,48(4):1188-1199

利用廊坊东A27钻孔岩心资料,样品微体生物、孢粉特征综合分析,结合AMS14C测年,对永定河中下游地区MIS7以来的地层进行分析,建立了MIS7以来的沉积地层格架,并对其进行了年代厘定,讨论了该地区大约MIS7阶段以来氧同位素分期气候下的地层及环境效应。结果表明,永定河中下游地区晚第四纪可划分为U1～U8共8个沉积单元,分别对应于MIS1～MIS7以及MIS8晚期的沉积地层,与海洋氧同位素分期有很好的对应关系。U1单元为MIS1形成的湖沼—河谷—泛滥平原沉积,U2单元为MIS2形成硬质黏土(第1硬土层)—下切河谷—湖沼沉积,U3单元为MIS3形成的湖沼—河谷—泛滥平原沉积,U4单元为MIS4形成的河间地块沉积(第2硬土层,暴露失水沉积),U5单元为MIS5形成的湖沼夹分支河道沉积,U6单元为MIS6形成的下切河谷夹短暂湖沼沉积,U7单元为MIS7形成的以湖沼为主沉积,U8单元为MIS8晚期形成的泛滥平原沉积,重塑了MIS7以来沉积环境模式,建立了本区晚第四纪精细年代地层框架。笔者认为永定河中下游在新石器时期以河湖共存为主,在其晚期为湖沼发育达到顶峰,出现泥炭层,直至商周时期后在气候变化影响下湖沼消退转变为泛滥平原面貌,为区域古地理环境及生态修复提供重要参考依据。  相似文献   

苏丹Muglad盆地中南部西斜坡沉积层序及有利地层圈闭预测     

冉怀江  范乐元  孔庆东  续晓璟 《地学前缘》2021,28(1):131-140

苏丹Muglad 盆地油气资源丰富,是重要的油气探区。盆地中南部西斜坡位于Kaikang坳陷西部斜坡带,是Muglad盆地重要的勘探区之一。研究区在构造转型时期遭受严重剥蚀,目前残余地层厚度约为5 000 m。受区域构造活动的影响,研究区的沉积储层发育演化与构造演化密切相关。随着构造圈闭勘探进入中后期,寻找新的勘探领域和目标已成为当务之急。因此,岩性地层圈闭勘探已成为研究区目标转换的重要途径。目前,对Muglad盆地中南部西斜坡层序地层结构等基本问题的认识还不够系统,制约了研究区油气勘探的进程。综合利用岩心、测井及地震等资料,运用层序地层学原理,在苏丹Muglad盆地中南部西斜坡层序地层格架划分的基础上,重点对沉积层序演化特征及其控制因素进行了分析。同时,探讨了有利生储盖组合,并预测和评价了有利地层圈闭。主要成果及认识如下:(1)Muglad盆地经历了3次裂谷断陷活动及其后裂谷期的3次热沉降坳陷活动,形成了6个二级层序;在二级层序格架内将白垩系Abu Gabra组至古近系Adok组划分为13个三级层序,每个层序的充填和演化都受区域构造控制。(2)研究区地层发育经历了三期断-坳作用,各阶段盆地均保持了其构造背景下的沉积特征,不同阶段构造控沉积作用差异明显。通过对Muglad盆地中南部西斜坡岩心、测井、地震及古水流分析,认为研究区在断陷期主要发育湖泊及辫状河三角洲沉积体系,坳陷期主要发育辫状河及三角洲等沉积体系。由于湖盆多期次的扩张与收缩,沉积体系在时空分布上具有继承性和差异性。(3)根据Muglud盆地中南部西斜坡白垩系-古近系烃源岩、储层和盖层形成的先后顺序及其空间组合关系,研究区可识别划分出四套生储盖组合。它们的成藏方式不同,主要包括两种类型的生储盖组合,即下生上储型和自生自储型。研究区以发育地层剥蚀不整合圈闭以及地层超覆不整合圈闭为主。研究区西部SQ5层序顶界面为区域剥蚀不整合面,与下伏地层形成剥蚀不整合三角区域,为有利的地层剥蚀不整合圈闭发育区。研究区西北部SQ4上超于不整合面之上,形成超覆不整合三角区域,为有利的地层超覆不整合圈闭发育区。  相似文献   

南图尔盖盆地Aryskum坳陷钾盐的测井响应特征及其分布     

王彬玮  艾尼·买买提  卢志明  马崇尧  陈科贵 《地学前缘》2021,28(6):162-170

钾盐作为战略资源,在农业、工业等领域具有重要的使用价值。世界大多数固态钾资源发现于大规模的石油勘探过程中,充分利用各种油气地质、地球物理资料开展钾盐勘探对于国家发展尤为重要。位于哈萨克斯坦的南图尔盖盆地地质构造简单、资源勘探潜力较大。文中以南图尔盖盆地Aryskum坳陷为研究区块,基于其沉积地质特点,结合多口井的常规测井资料及前人研究成果,综合分析自然伽马、自然电位、三孔隙度等测井曲线的响应特征,含钾层段具体表现为自然伽马异常高值,并通过无铀伽马曲线等排除铀、钍元素影响,扩径使得中子值偏高,自然电位异常幅度由砂岩层的负异常变化为正异常,电阻率值偏高,密度值介于2.25~2.45 g/cm³,声波时差在270~350 μs/m范围内。基于含钾层测井曲线特点,利用测井曲线综合识别法、重叠法、交会图法进行研究区钾盐识别。在研究区30余口井中发现有可溶性钾盐层分布,分布在M-Ⅱ-3、M-Ⅱ-2小层底部,其中M-Ⅱ-3层底部为主要钾盐层段,并对各井含钾层段累计厚度进行统计分析。最后,借助地层对比分析含钾层段在横向和纵向上的展布情况,通过等厚图的绘制开展了找钾有利区分析,拓展了测井资料在南图尔盖盆地钾盐勘查中的应用,进而为今后研究区钾盐找矿提供重点方向。  相似文献   

Prediction criteria for groundwater potential zones in Kemuning District,Indonesia using the integration of geoelectrical and physical parameters          下载免费PDF全文

Juandi Muhammad  Nur Islami 《地下水科学与工程》2021,9(1):12-19

The presence of groundwater is strongly related to its geological and geohydrological conditions.It is,however,important to study the groundwater potential in an area before it is utilized to provide clean water.Werner-Schlumberger’s method was used to analyze the groundwater potential while hydraulic properties such as soil porosity and hydraulic conductivity were used to determine the quality and ability of the soil to allow water’s movement in the aquifer.The results show that the aquifer in the Sekara and Kemuning Muda is at a depth of more than 6 meters below the ground level with moderate groundwater potential.It is also found that the aquifer at depths of over 60 m have high groundwater potential.Moreover,soil porosity in Kemuning is found to be average while the ability to conduct water was moderate.This makes it possible for some surface water to seep into the soil while the remaining flows to the rivers and ditches.  相似文献   

广西气象数据中心机房供电系统设计与保障     

封大辉  高钰杰  邓力涌 《气象研究与应用》2019,40(1):91-95

针对供配电系统容易发生的安全隐患,优化设计配电系统结构、采用一体化运维监控平台和采用高质量、高可靠性的设备,消除单点故障瓶颈,确保在停电、设备故障、维修维护等各种情况下提供不中断或快速恢复供电,避免停电对业务正常运行造成影响,确保机房供电安全。  相似文献   

Stratigraphic architecture and sedimentology of a Late Pleistocene subaqueous moraine complex,southwest Ireland     

David J. A. Evans  John F. Hiemstra  Colm Ó Cofaigh 《第四纪科学杂志》2012,27(1):51-63

Glacigenic sediments exposed in coastal cliffs cut through undulatory terrain fronting the Last Glacial Maximum laterofrontal moraine at Waterville on the Iveragh Peninsula, southwest Ireland, comprise three lithofacies. Lithofacies 1 and 2 consist of interdigitated, offlapping and superimposed ice‐proximal subaqueous outwash and stacked sequences of cohesionless and cohesive subaqueous debris flows, winnowed lag gravels and coarse‐grained suspension deposits. These are indicative of sedimentation in and around small grounding line fans that prograded from an oscillating glacier margin into a proglacial, interlobate lake. Lithofacies 3 comprises braided river deposits that have undergone significant syn‐sedimentary soft‐sediment deformation. Deposition was likely related to proglacial outwash activity and records the reduction of accommodation space for subaqueous sedimentation, either through the lowering of proglacial water levels or due to basin infilling. The stratigraphic architecture and sedimentology of the moraine at Waterville highlight the role of ice‐marginal depositional processes in the construction of morphostratigraphically significant ‘end moraine’ complexes in Great Britain and Ireland. Traditional ‘tills’ in these moraines are often crudely stratified diamictons and gravelly clinoforms deposited in ice‐proximal subaqueous and subaerial fans. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献