皖南早奥陶世叠层石礁暴露面研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

林文姣  陈北岳 《地质科技情报》1999,18(4):59-62

在皖南地区早奥陶世叠层石礁上识别出１４个暴露面。根据渗滤囊分布情况,将暴露面划分为不发育滤波囊构造和发育渗滤囊构造两种。详细阐述了渗滤囊形态和内部构造,并结合叠层石礁构型、水深和水动力能量关系,计算出该区相对海平面下降幅度５．０７￣７．５０ｍ,上升幅度为５．００￣８．０５ｍ。  相似文献   

叠层石成因和形成条件的研究综述   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

温志峰  钟建华  李勇  郭泽清  高剑波  徐小林 《高校地质学报》2004,10(3):418-428

综合介绍了最近20多年有关叠层石成因与形成条件的研究成果及其进展,包括与成因有关的各种叠层石类型,微生物席组分及内部结构特征,叠层石的形成与光合作用、硫还原作用等生物作用的密切关系,以及基本的形成过程和方式,同时与现代叠层石对比,简要总结了叠层石生长所需要的特殊沉积、水体和生物环境条件。  相似文献   

冀东高板河中元古代硫铁矿叠层石结构特征及其成因     

冯军  李江海  牛向龙  郑金武  任昊佳 《高校地质学报》2004,10(4):562-568

冀东高板河中元古代多金属硫化物矿床呈层状和透镜状与容矿岩石整合产出,其中发育大量各种类型的硫铁矿叠层石,呈中、小型丘堆状分布在多金属硫化物矿床中。通过对其进行形态学及显微结构研究和激光拉曼光谱测试表明,高板河硫铁矿叠层石的形成环境明显不同于普通藻叠层石的生长环境,形成于局部强封闭还原的半深海环境中,远离透光带,是海底黑烟囱周围嗜热微生物周期性生长形成的原生微生物沉积构造。硫铁矿叠层石的形态与其所处的环境以及微生物的种类有关。嗜热微生物对于黄铁矿矿床的形成具有重要的促进作用。  相似文献   

Columnar microbialites of the upper Miocene of Mallorca (Spain): A new morphogenetic model based on concurrent accretion and bioturbation – uncommon or overlooked?     

Pablo Suarez-Gonzalez  M. Isabel Benito  Concha Arenas  Luis Pomar 《Sedimentology》2022,69(1):88-120

Bioturbation has long been considered an antagonist of microbialite development and preservation, because metazoan grazing and burrowing destroy benthic microbial communities. However, metazoan bioturbation, in conjunction with microbial accretion, may have had a significant role in the morphogenesis of some columnar microbialites, as suggested by the case study presented and by some Phanerozoic and Upper Proterozoic analogues discussed here. Late Miocene in age, the studied microbial biostrome developed in a western Mediterranean restricted shallow-water platform dominated by grainy sediments and with a notable influence of bioturbation. This study is focused on the complex accretionary history of the columnar microbialite biostrome and on its striking dark grey colour, which is attributed to Mn-oxyhydroxides precipitated during meteoric diagenesis linked to subaerial exposure. The characteristic columnar structure of the microbialite biostrome has features consistent with an accretionary origin of the columns, but also has features suggesting metazoan disruption. Therefore, a new morphogenetic model for columnar microbialites is presented, highlighting the concomitant roles of microbial accretion, bioturbation and grainy sediment infill of the intercolumn space. Whether this model is an exception or a rule, should be tested on other examples of Phanerozoic and Upper Proterozoic columnar microbialites. Nevertheless, this model is a step forward in understanding the complex microbe–metazoan interactions as constructive coexistence rather than just as destructive competition.  相似文献   

Microbialites of the Neoproterozoic Beck Spring Dolomite,Southern California     

CARA L. HARWOOD  DAWN Y. SUMNER 《Sedimentology》2011,58(6):1648-1673

Ancient microbialites reflect interactions between microbial communities and environmental conditions. However, evaluating the relative roles of microbial community processes and environmental influences on microbialite morphology and internal fabric in the rock record can be challenging. The Neoproterozoic Beck Spring Dolomite preserves diverse microbialites, and thus provides an opportunity to explore the factors that influenced microbialite development locally. Stromatolitic, thrombolitic and composite microbialites are abundant in subtidal to upper intertidal carbonates in the Beck Spring Dolomite. Thrombolitic and composite microbialites have not been recognized previously in this unit, but compose much of the newly defined thrombolitic member. Stratigraphic relationships demonstrate that these three types of microbialites formed in close spatial and temporal association in subtidal to intertidal environments. The relative proportions and distributions of stromatolitic and thrombolitic microbialites vary with depositional environment; stromatolitic microbialites dominate in deeper intertidal to subtidal facies, whereas thrombolitic textures are more abundant in upper intertidal facies. Composite microbialites, composed of intermingled clotted and laminated textures, formed in all environments but are most abundant in intertidal facies. The broad environmental distribution of stromatolitic, thrombolitic and composite microbialites and the intermingling of textures suggest that laminated and clotted textures reflect diverse microbial community morphologies rather than environmental variations. Furthermore, the ca 750 Ma age of thrombolitic microbialites in the Beck Spring Dolomite requires that they formed without the influence of calcimicrobes or metazoans colonizing and grazing the microbial mat surface. Thus, these thrombolites provide further evidence that the biostratigraphic distribution of thrombolites cannot be uniquely attributed to evolution of calcifying and grazing organisms in the earliest Cambrian, and that older microbial communities were capable of producing clotted textures.  相似文献   

Corrigendum: Strange bedfellows: glacial diamictite and cap carbonate from the Marinoan (635 Ma) glaciation in Namibia     

PAUL F. HOFFMAN 《Sedimentology》2013,60(2):631-634

Tectonic fold tests conducted in Namibia demonstrate that the inclination with respect to bedding of geoplumb (palaeovertical) tubular structures in the Marinoan (635 Ma) syndeglacial cap dolostone is mainly the result of tectonic strain. Therefore, tubestone inclination data cannot be used to estimate the gradient of the sea floor on the foreslope of the Otavi carbonate platform during the Marinoan glaciation. A gradient steeper than 0·1 (slope angle ca 5·7°), implying a glacial base‐level fall ≥0·5 km, is nevertheless supported by boulder‐size intraclast debrite in the falling‐stand wedge directly beneath the glacigenic sequence. Cryogenian oceans lacked skeletal carbonate production, raising the carbonate saturation state and persistent deep water anoxia excluded acid‐producing aerobic respiration, facilitating early diagenetic carbonate precipitation, lithification and steep submarine slopes.  相似文献   

Variations in Neoarchean microbialite morphologies: clues to controls on microbialite morphologies through time     

MEGAN A. MURPHY  DAWN Y. SUMNER 《Sedimentology》2008,55(5):1189-1202

The Neoarchean Carawine Formation, Hamersley Group, Western Australia is a carbonate ramp that preserves diverse microbial structures which are characteristic of specific depositional environments. These distinctive structures are distributed in five shallow subtidal and two deeper‐water facies in the Oakover area of the Carawine Formation. The shallow subtidal facies are composed of biohermal and bedded stromatolites, centimetre‐scale ridge‐shaped microbialites and wavy‐laminated microbialites. The deeper‐water facies are composed of fenestrate microbialites, planar laminated dolostone and dolostone with rolled‐up microbial laminae. Microbialites in the Carawine Formation lie within a continuum of Archean to Proterozoic microbial facies. Some shallow‐water microbial facies in the Carawine Formation are similar to Proterozoic facies, such as large bioherms internally composed of a variety of stromatolite morphologies. In contrast, fenestrate microbialites grew in quiet subtidal environments and are common in Archean rocks but have not been documented in similar Proterozoic environments. The similarity of shallow‐water facies across the Archean–Proterozoic transition, before and after the oxidation of the atmosphere and surface oceans, indicates that stromatolite growth in shallow subtidal environments was not strongly affected by the chemical changes associated with oxidation of the oceans or by biological responses to those chemical changes. Rather, stromatolite morphology was controlled mostly by the physical environment and the corresponding biological responses to that environment. In contrast, the absence of fenestrate microbialites from Proterozoic deep subtidal environments suggests that the morphology of deep subtidal microbial structures was influenced by chemical or biological changes that occurred in association with oxidation of the surface oceans.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地中元古界碳酸盐岩微观组构与微生物造岩作用     

张静  张宝民 《地质学报》2022,96(4):1397-1411

鄂尔多斯盆地中元古界蓟县系发育了大规模以叠层石、凝块石和鲕粒为主要组成的碳酸盐岩。通过电子显微镜、扫描电镜、阴极发光对其微观组构进行观察分析，均发现了大量与微生物生命活动相关的组构。叠层石具有鲜明的纹层状结构，是微生物通过其周期性的生命活动及其中包含的机械性圈捕和生物诱导矿化机制与相应沉积环境中的碳酸钙沉积物交替发育、共同构建的产物。凝块石由不同级别的凝块结构构成。凝块体的发育可能主要由带有大量碳酸钙微粒的微生物胞外聚合物（EPS）在三维空间发生的降解、收缩及破裂所导致。鲕粒中圈层的发育机制与叠层石中纹层的发育机制相似。有核心鲕粒中的暗色核心可能由实心的微生物群落球体构成。空心鲕粒的发育可能与由微生物在进行光合作用过程中释放的氧气气泡所形成的碳酸钙包壳有关。独特的显微组构表明研究区三类碳酸盐岩的发育均离不开微生物的参与，是生物作用与非生物作用的结合。蓝细菌等微生物在中元古代适宜其发育的古气候、古海洋、古构造等背景下、在不同沉积环境中出于对不同水动力条件的适应、以最适合其生存的方式生长，并通过特定的生物物理与生物化学机制参与造岩作用，从而导致了与微生物作用密切相关的不同类型碳酸盐岩的大规模发育。  相似文献   

东太平洋锰结核中叠层石纹层周期信号的谱分析及其意义   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

韩喜球  王惠群等 《地质学报》2001,75(4):548-553

利用光学显微镜对一取自东太平洋的光滑型锰结核中的叠层石纹层进行分级统计，得到纹层带、纹层组和纹层对的韵律周期分别约为500μm、50－42．8μm和11－9．0μm。利用电子探针线扫描分析获取了锰结核磨光面上一生长剖面（长0．7mm)的Si、Al、Fe、Mn元素的含量变化序列，运用功率谱分析方法识别出上述4种元素序列具有111．3μm、46．5－40．6μm、24．9－28．1μm、23．1－23．9μm和11．7－13．4μm的显著振荡周期。除了纹层带周期由于受剖面长度限制没有出现外，显微镜下统计得到的叠层石的纹层组和纹层对周期在元素序列的功率谱分析结果上均得到了反映。通过对锰结核生长速率的讨论，认为锰结核的纹层韵律很可能与地球轨道参数的周期性变化有关，纹层组周期可能对应地球轨道的黄赤交角变化周期，纹层对周期可能对应地球轨道的半岁差周期，所研究剖面叠层石的生长速率约为1．134mm/Ma。  相似文献   

叠层石与沉积矿产的关系     

张录易 《西北地质科学》1991,(2)

本文通过笔者实际考察资料及国内外学者研究资料,综合分析了叠层石与沉积矿产关系的研究现状,探讨了叠层石和造叠层石底栖微生物群落对铁、铜、多金属、磷、锰等矿产的成矿作用。叠层石可以概括为直接的和间接的两种成矿作用:①叠层石为容矿体,其本身就是一种矿石类型;②叠层石不含矿,其岩礁为矿的间隔体。后者是一种金属硫化物避开叠层石岩礁而在礁侧沉积成巨大的富矿模式。  相似文献