突发灾害监控与决策系统的设计与实现     

熊勇  徐正全  潘少明  赵继宗  熊炼  王涛 《测绘软科学研究》2014,(6):59-65

现代社会,面对高危或人类无法到达的区域,如森林火场现场视查、地震灾情查看、城市等狭窄地段的高楼消防救灾、核辐射现场勘察检测等,基于无人机的无线通信系统,由于体积小和机动灵活,通过信息传感采集、视频现场捕捉,能安全、有效地获取现场灾情情况信息。然后数据通过中继传到后台,存入后台数据库。利用采集到的现场信息与ArcGIS Server发布的GIS相关服务,通过ArcGIS API for Flex对数据进行快速分析处理,使采集信息可视化,同时进行突发灾害模拟预测,准确定位事发地点,评价灾害影响范围,查找救援最短路径等。本文设计并实现了基于无人机突发灾害监控与决策系统,同时重点介绍系统的设计、组网的关键技术、视频压缩、基于GIS的数据处理与分析以及系统实现的功能。  相似文献   

基于灰色GM（1，1）的优化模型预测大坝形变     

李伟  杨兆臣  张遇 《全球定位系统》2014,(3):67-70

以往的灰色GM （1,1）优化模型往往忽略了灰度模型随时间变化的灰色量和灰色过程这一重点,其中的灰色作用量是时间的线性函数,传统的模型把其看为不变常数,而对时间的精度影响没做深层次的考虑,建模时较少的考虑时间相关度和灰作用量的影响,势必会影响预测精度,造成模型效果欠佳,故本文尝试对这两个因素分别建立优化GM （1,1）模型,即引入基于时间的加权R-GM （1,1）模型和用灰作用量b1＋ b2 k替代b的K-GM （1,1）模型,并对实例数据进行分析,取得了较好的拟合与预测能力。  相似文献   

Braking PSR J1734-3333 with a possible fall-back disk     

Xiong-Wei Liu  Ren-Xin Xu  Guo-Jun Qiao  Jin-Lin Han  Hao Tong 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2014,(1):85-92

The very small braking index of PSR J1734-3333, n = 0.9 ± 0.2, chal- lenges the current theories of braking mechanisms in pulsars. We present a possible interpretation that this pulsar is surrounded by a fall-hack disk and braked by it. A modified braking torque is proposed based on the competition between the magnetic energy density of the pulsar and the kinetic energy density of the fall-back disk. With this torque, a self-similar disk can fit all the observed parameters of PSR J1734-3333 with natural initial values of parameters. In this regime, the star will evolve to the re- gion having anomalous X-ray pulsars and soft gamma repeaters in the P -/5 diagram in about 20 000 years and stay there for a very long time. The mass of the disk around PSR J1734-3333 in our model is about 10M similar to the observed mass of the disk around AXP 4U 0142＋61.  相似文献   

Radio observations of the fine structure inside a post-CME current sheet     

Guan-Nan Gao  ;Min Wang  ;Jun Lin  ;Ning Wu  ;Cheng-Ming Tan  ;Berhard Kliem  ;Yang Su 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2014,(7):843-854

A solar radio burst was observed in a coronal mass ejection/flare event by the Solar Broadband Radio Spectrometer at the Huairou Solar Observing Station on2004 December 1. The data exhibited various patterns of plasma motions, suggestive of the interaction between sunward moving plasmoids and the flare loop system during the impulsive phase of the event. In addition to the radio data, the associated whitelight, Hα, extreme ultraviolet light, and soft and hard X-rays were also studied.  相似文献   

基于微脉冲激光雷达观测资料的半干旱区沙尘天气消光效应分析     

宋嘉尧  张文煜  张宇  田梦 《干旱气象》2013,(4):672-676

利用兰州大学半干旱区气候与环境观测站（SOCAL）的微脉冲激光雷达（MPL）2008年4月30日至5月2日观测资料,对晴朗天气、浮沉天气及扬沙天气过程中气溶胶垂直分布的连续变化、物理机制进行了对比分析与探讨。结果表明MPL很好地反映出不同天气过程中大气气溶胶廓线的日变化特征：受人类活动影响,天气晴朗时,早晨9时开始在0—2km范围出现气溶胶聚集区,持续至15时,气溶胶平均消光系数〈0．20km-1;受沙尘输送影响,浮尘天气时,气溶胶聚集区高度范围为1—2km,高层气溶胶富集区高度范围为5—7km,气溶胶平均消光系数0．38km-1;扬沙天气时,气溶胶聚集区高度范围为0—1km,浓度远大于浮尘天气,但高层气溶胶浓度较小且分布较均匀,气溶胶平均消光系数〉0．50km-1。  相似文献   

塔城地区西北部低山草甸植被指数变化及其驱动力     

和海秀  付爱红  王川 《中国沙漠》2023,43(1):187-196

以新疆塔城地区西北部低山草甸植被为研究对象,利用2001—2020年归一化植被指数（NDVI）、气象数据（年均气温和降水量）及社会经济发展数据（年末牲畜存栏数、肉类总产量和农牧民人均纯收入）,运用ArcGIS 10.5软件、R语言和matlab等语言,运用相关分析法和趋势分析法,研究了不同时段低山草甸植被NDVI、气象因子和社会经济发展数据的时空变化特征,从气候变化和人类活动角度探讨了影响低山草甸植被NDVI变化的驱动力,揭示了以往采取的草地恢复措施的有效性和时效性。结果表明：2001—2008年低山草甸植被处于“绿化”状态,“绿化”现象主要分布在研究区的西南、南部和东部,但存在“褐化”趋势,NDVI的降幅在夏季最大;2009—2020年处于“褐化”状态,“褐化”现象分布在除了研究区西南部的其他区域,但存在微弱的“绿化”趋势,NDVI的增幅在夏季最大;2001—2020年生长季总体呈“暖干”趋势,但2009年以来“暖干”趋势有所减缓,低山草甸的南部经历了一个降水减少的暖化过程,而西北和东北部则表现出降水增加的冷却过程;过去20年年末牲畜存栏数和肉类总产量都呈现先急速增加后平缓增加而又急...  相似文献   

自然和人类活动作用下月湖沉积物有机质来源及其演变   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵宁  杨旸  高建华  刘毅飞  蔡廷禄  贾建军 《地球化学》2014,(4):365-374

潟湖海湾可以保存环境演化和人类活动的良好记录,碳氮元素含量及同位素特征可用来有效地反演这些演化。对位于山东半岛的月湖柱状样和沿岸表层样总有机碳、总氮、稳定碳氮同位素的分析表明,陆源物质对月湖沉积物和有机质的贡献很小,其沉积物中有机质的主要来源是维管植物大叶藻和各种海洋藻类。在2002年前大约140 a的沉积历史中,大叶藻对沉积物有机质的贡献比例呈上升趋势,其中在约1930年和1980年有两次明显的上升,前者可能因为种群的快速繁育,后者则可能是1979年口门筑坝后由于湾内环境恶化,大叶藻开始大量死亡的表现。月湖海洋藻类的有机碳埋藏通量在沉积记录中保持相对稳定,而大叶藻则增加了一倍,但两者都有一定程度的波动。研究结果表明自然环境演变（如沙嘴生长、口门缩小）和人类活动（如筑坝、修筑虾池）对月湖生态环境及有机碳埋藏的影响在沉积物中有清晰的记录。  相似文献   

时域激电数据进行频谱参数的反演方法及应用     

曹平华  ;罗润林 《物探与化探》2014,(5):1008-1011

Cole-Cole模型的频谱参数可以用于区分引起激电异常的极化体和寻找深部矿(化)体,因野外工作效率低,在勘探中没有得到广泛应用。当前的时域激电仪器可以观测反映二次极化电位衰减的多个时段的视充电率数据,根据频谱激电和时间域激电可以相互转换的理论,提出一种由时域激电数据提取出Cole-Cole模型参数方法,可得到4个频谱参数:视充电率Ms、视频率相关系数cs、视时间常数τs和视电阻率ρs。在江西某矿区激电中梯测量中,运用该方法推测地下地质体的性质并经钻探验证,取得了良好的找矿效果。  相似文献   

Chemical and Isotopic Characteristics of the Water and Suspended Particulate Materials in the Yangtze River and Their Geological and Environmental Implications     

DING Tiping  GAO Jianfei  TIAN Shihong  SHI Guoyu  CHEN Feng  WANG Chengyu  LUO Xurong  HAN Dan 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(1):276-360

The chemical and isotopic characteristics of the water and suspended particulate materials（SPM） in the Yangtze River were investigated on the samples collected from 25 hydrological monitoring stations in the mainsteam and 13 hydrological monitoring stations in the major tributaries during 2003 to 2007. The water samples show a large variation in both δD（ 30‰ to 112‰） and δ18O（ 3.8‰ to 15.4‰） values. Both δD and δ18O values show a decrease from the river head to the Jinsha Jiang section and then increase downstream to the river mouth. It is found that the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of the Yangtze water are controlled by meteoric precipitation, evaporation, ice（and snow） melting and dam building. The Yangtze SPM concentrations show a large variation and are well corresponded to the spatial and temporal changes of flow speed, runoff and SPM supply, which are affected by the slope of the river bed, local precipitation rate, weathering intensity, erosion condition and anthropogenic activity. The Yangtze SPM consists of clay minerals, clastic silicate and carbonate minerals, heavy minerals, iron hydroxide and organic compounds. From the upper to lower reaches, the clay and clastic silicate components in SPM increase gradually, but the carbonate components decrease gradually, which may reflect changes of climate and weathering intensity in the drainage area. Compared to those of the upper crust rocks, the Yangtze SPM has lower contents of SiO2, CaO, K2 O and Na2 O and higher contents of TFe2 O3 and trace metals of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd. The ΣREE in the Yangtze SPM is also slightly higher than that of the upper crust. From the upper to lower reaches, the CaO and MgO contents in SPM decrease gradually, but the SiO2 content increases gradually, corresponding to the increase of clay minerals and decrease of the carbonates. The δ30SiSPM values（ 1.1‰ to 0.3‰） of the Yangtze SPM are similar to those of the average shale, but lower than those of the granite rocks（ 0.3‰ to 0.3‰）, reflecting the effect of silicon isotope fractionation in silicate weathering process. The δ30SiSPM values of the Yangtze SPM show a decreasing trend from the upper to the middle and lower reaches, responding to the variation of the clay content. The major anions of the river water are HCO 3, SO 4 2, Cl, NO 3, SiO 4 4 and F and the major cations include Ca2＋, Na＋, Mg2＋, K＋ and Sr2＋. The good correlation between HCO3-content and the content of Ca2＋may suggest that carbonate dissolution is the dominate contributor to the total dissolved solid（TDS） of the Yangtze River. Very good correlations are also found among contents of Cl, SO4 2, Na＋, Mg2＋, K＋and Sr2＋, indicating the important contribution of evaporite dissolution to the TDS of the Yangtze River. High TDS contents are generally found in the head water, reflecting a strong effect of evaporation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A small increase of the TDS is generally observed in the river mouth, indicating the influence of tidal intrusion. The F and NO3 contents show a clear increase trend from the upstream to downstream, reflecting the contribution of pesticides and fertilizers in the Chuan Jiang section and the middle and lower reaches. The DSi shows a decrease trend from the upstream to downstream, reflecting the effect of rice and grass growth along the Chuan Jiang section and the middle and lower reaches. The dissolved Cu, Zn and Cd in the Yangtze water are all higher than those in world large rivers, reflecting the effect of intensive mining activity along the Yangtze drainage area. The Yangtze water generally shows similar REE distribution pattern to the global shale. The δ30SiDiss values of the dissolved silicon vary from 0.5‰ to 3.7‰, which is the highest among those of the rivers studied. The δ30SiDiss values of the water in the Yangtze mainsteam show an increase trend from the upper stream to downstream. Its DSi and δ30SiDiss are influenced by multiple processes, such as weathering process, phytolith growth in plants, evaporation, phytolith dissolution, growth of fresh water diatom, adsorption and desorption of aqueous monosilicic acid on iron oxide, precipitation of silcretes and formation of clays coatings in aquifers, and human activity. The δ34SSO4 values of the Yangtze water range from 1.7‰ to 9.0‰. The SO4 in the Yangtze water are mainly from the SO4 in meteoric water, the dissolved sulfate from evaporite, and oxidation of sulfide in rocks, coal and ore deposits. The sulfate reduction and precipitation process can also affect the sulfur isotope composition of the Yangtze water. The87Sr/86Sr ratios of the Yangtze water range from 0.70823 to 0.71590, with an average value of 0.71084. The87Sr/86Sr ratio and Sr concentration are primary controlled by mixing of various sources with different87Sr/86Sr ratios and Sr contents, including the limestone, evaporite and the silicate rocks. The atmospheric precipitation and anthropogenic inputs can also contribute some Sr to the river. The δ11B values of the dissolved B in the Yangtze water range from 2.0‰ to 18.3‰, which is affected by multifactors, such as silicate weathering, carbonate weathering, evaporite dissolution, atmospheric deposition, and anthropogenic inputs.  相似文献   

Stable isotope geochemical characteristics of dissolved inorganic carbon in the Jiulong River Estuary,Fujian Province,China     

Qiming Liu  Qiong Wu  Yinglan Cao  Jinmei Lin  Yupei Jiao 《中国地球化学学报》2014,33(2):178-182

The isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon （DIC） in estuarine environments has been studied for its significant role in determining the isotopic composition of inorganic/organic matter and its applications to the study of various natural processes. In this paper, based on the stable isotope geochemical characteristics of dis- solved inorganic carbon in the Jiulong River Estuary, the following conclusions are drawn： （1） δ13CDIC values are mainly controlled by the mixing ratio of fresh water and sea water; （2）δ13Cphytoplankton values are linearly related to the δ13CDIC values; （3） δ13CpoM values for the Jiulong River Estuary are affected by anthropogenic pollution signifi- cantly; and （4） the comprehensive analysis of δ13Cphytoplankton, δ13CpoM and δ13CDIc shows that along with increasing salinity, the proportion of POM derived from the degradation of phytoplanktons gradually increases.  相似文献