断陷湖盆隐蔽油藏预测及勘探的关键技术--高精度地震探测基础上的层序地层学研究   总被引：82，自引：6，他引：76  

李思田  潘元林等 《地球科学》2002,27(5):592-598

近十余年世界的我国隐蔽油藏勘探取得了巨大进展,其关键技术是高精度的三维地震及在此基础上的层序地层学研究,二者的结合已被油气产业部门当作勘探中的“权威性技术”。断陷湖盆在我国东部含油气资源的重要性居首位,控制层序形成演化的诸因素中,构造,古气候和在区域古地理格局中的位置对湖盆的类型和演化起着决定作用,需要按照断陷湖盆的沉积构造演化特征建立有预测功能的层序构成模式,在成熟的勘探区,重新建立等时层序地层格架,进行体系域精度的工业制图,阐明沉积体系的分布规律,使用高精度地球物理技术对圈闭定位,并对构造坡折带和低位域扇体给予重点注意,用这种技术方法指导隐蔽油气藏的勘探,已经并必将有许多重要发现。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地西北缘扇体形成演化与扇体油气藏勘探   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14  

蔚远江  李德生  胡素云  雷振宇  何登发 《地球学报》2007,28(1):62-71

准噶尔盆地西北缘广泛发育二叠纪-侏罗纪冲积扇、水下扇、扇三角洲等砾质粗碎屑沉积,其形成演化严格受不同时期活动的同生断裂控制.二叠纪以乌尔禾组扇体最为发育,呈由盆缘向盆地方向逐渐增强的前展式推覆冲断及渐进式扇体迁移响应模式.三叠纪-侏罗纪以百口泉组、克拉玛依组扇体最为发育,呈由盆内向盆缘方向逐渐减弱的退覆式冲断活动及后退式扇体迁移响应模式.已知扇体油气藏主要富集于水下扇扇根及扇中、扇三角洲平原及前缘4个亚相带,及二叠系佳木河组、乌尔禾组、三叠系百口泉组、克拉玛依组、侏罗系八道湾组、头屯河组6个层位.二叠-三叠纪扇体含油层多、规模大、储量丰度高,侏罗纪扇体反之.受断裂、不整合、岩相岩性、物性4种因素控制,扇体主要形成断块、地层不整合及构造岩性油气藏.断阶带及扇根-扇中相带主要发育构造(断块)油藏,为扇体与断层相配置的垂向运聚成藏模式;斜坡区及扇中-扇缘相带主要发育岩性油藏,为扇体与不整合相配置的侧向运聚成藏模式.西北缘扇体成藏条件好,探明程度总体较低,剩余资源潜力大,进而指出了七大有利勘探区块和方向.  相似文献   

南海珠江深水扇系统的微观内幕结构研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴昌荣  彭大钧  庞雄  叶斌  舒誉 《沉积与特提斯地质》2007,27(3):27-32

本文首次探索在以二维地震资料为主的条件下开展深水扇系统的微观内幕研究。结果表明:在珠江口盆地白云凹陷中的南海珠江深水扇系统中能较好地由浅至深识别出多套地层(尤其是浅部地层)中存在的多种类型的深切谷、峡谷、水道,各有不同地质成因机制。能识别的典型扇体微观结构类型包括丘形体、席状体、水道化沉积及朵叶体等,往往分别指示某些特殊的沉积环境,并且最可能构成潜在的深水油气圈闭的良好储层。在二维地震资料条件下容易识别的深水扇系统微观内幕结构类型比较有限,在空间上追踪典型微观内幕结构也相对比较困难,但是若能全面认识区域构造及沉积背景,综合利用相关资料减少对地震反射结构解释的多解性,就有望对扇体的微观内幕结构进行深入剖析,深化对扇体的地质认识,从而指导油气勘探。  相似文献   

海底光缆的地震影响分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘爱文 《国际地震动态》2007,(2):19-23

根据我国地震台网测定,北京时间2006年12月26日20时26分和34分,在南海海域发生7.2、6.7级地震。受强烈地震影响,多条国际海底通信光缆中断,造成附近国家和地区的国际和地区性通信受到严重影响。这次地震以前,海底光缆故障主要是由渔船造成,而地震的影响常常被忽视。本文在总结海底光缆3次震害经验的基础上,提出了地震影响海底光缆的主要因素以及海底光缆的抗震措施。  相似文献   

Geochemical anomalies of hydrothermal plume at EPR 13°N     

Wang XiaoYuan  Zeng ZhiGang  Liu ChangHua  Yin XueBo  Yu ShaoXiong  Yuan ChunWei  Zhang GuoLiang  Wang XiaoMei 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(9):1433-1440

During the DY105-12, 14cruise (R/V DAYANG YIHAO, November 2003) on East Pacific Rise (EPR) 12- 13°N, the submarine hydrothermal activity was investigated and the CTD hydrocast was carried out at EPR12°39′N-12°54′N. From the temperature anomalies and the concentrations of magnesium, chlorine, bromine in seawater samples, we discover that magnesium depletes 9.3%-22.4%, chlorine and bro- mine enrich 10.3%-28.7% and 10.7%-29.0% respectively relative to normal seawater at the stations which have chemistry anomalies, moreover temperature and chemistry anomalies are at the same layer. The depletion of magnesium in the plume may be caused by a fluid lacking of magnesium which rises after the hydrothermal fluid reaches the equilibrium with ambient seawater, the enrichment of chlorine and bromine might be the result of inputting later brine which is generated by phase separation due to hydrothermal activity. In addition, the Br/Cl ratio in the abnormal layers at the survey area is identical to that in seawater, which implies that halite dissolution (or precipitation) occurs neither when the fluid is vented nor when hydrothermal fluid entraining ambient seawater rises to form plume. From the ab- normal instance at E55 station, it is very possible that there might exist a new hydrothermal vent site.  相似文献   

Sheetflow fluvial processes in a rapidly subsiding basin, Altiplano plateau, Bolivia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

BRIAN A. HAMPTON  BRIAN K. HORTON† 《Sedimentology》2007,54(5):1121-1148

Although facies models of braided, meandering and anastomosing rivers have provided the cornerstones of fluvial sedimentology for several decades, the depositional processes and external controls on sheetflow fluvial systems remain poorly understood. Sheetflow fluvial systems represent a volumetrically significant part of the non‐marine sedimentary record and documented here are the lithofacies, depositional processes and possible roles of rapid subsidence and arid climate in generating a sheetflow‐dominated fluvial system in the Cenozoic hinterland of the central Andes. A 6500 m thick succession comprising the Late Eocene–Oligocene Potoco Formation is exposed continuously for >100 km along the eastern limb of the Corque syncline in the high Altiplano plateau of Bolivia. Fluvial sandstone and mudstone units were deposited over an extensive region (>10 000 km²) with remarkably few incised channels or stacked‐channel complexes. The Potoco succession provides an exceptional example of rapid production of accommodation sustained over a prolonged period of time in a non‐marine setting (>0·45 mm year⁻¹ for 14 Myr). The lower ≈4000 m of the succession coarsens upward and consists of fine‐grained to medium‐grained sandstone, mudstone and gypsum deposits with palaeocurrent indicators demonstrating eastward transport. The upper 2500 m also coarsens upward, but contains mostly fine‐grained to medium‐grained sandstone that exhibits westward palaeoflow. Three facies associations were identified from the Potoco Formation and are interpreted to represent different depositional environments in a sheetflow‐dominated system. (i) Playa lake deposits confined to the lower 750 m are composed of interbedded gypsum, gypsiferous mudstone and sandstone. (ii) Floodplain deposits occur throughout the succession and include laterally extensive (>200 m) laminated to massive mudstone and horizontally stratified and ripple cross‐stratified sandstone. Pedogenic alteration and root casts are common. (iii) Poorly confined channel and unconfined sheet sandstone deposits include laterally continuous beds (50 to >200 m) that are defined primarily by horizontally stratified and ripple cross‐stratified sandstone encased in mudstone‐rich floodplain deposits. The ubiquitous thin‐sheet geometry and spatial distribution of individual facies within channel sandstone and floodplain deposits suggest that confined to unconfined, episodic (flash) flood events were the primary mode of deposition. The laterally extensive deposition and possible distributary nature of this sheetflow‐dominated system are attributed to fluvial fan conditions in an arid to semi‐arid, possibly seasonal, environment. High rates of sediment accumulation and tectonic subsidence during early Andean orogenesis may have favoured the development and long‐term maintenance of a sheetflow system rather than a braided, meandering or anastomosing fluvial style. It is suggested here that rapidly produced accommodation space and a relatively arid, seasonal climate are critical conditions promoting the generation of sheetflow‐dominated fluvial systems.  相似文献   

应变组合的地质意义及其分解实例     

魏宽义  张复新 《地球科学与环境学报》1998,20(3)

以分析递进变形序列为主线,论述了主有限应变和增量应变的内部旋转所组合的应变扇形区的空间展布。结合发育于剪切带中的一个微细粒浸染型金矿的找矿实际,指出该理论的野外应用方法。  相似文献   

扇三角洲沉积体系及其与油气聚集关系   总被引：23，自引：2，他引：21  

焦养泉  周海民 《沉积学报》1998,16(1):70-75

扇三角洲沉积体系是断陷盆地中极为发育的一种沉积体系,主要由扇三角洲平原组合、扇三角洲前缘组合和前三角洲沉积构成,可识别出9种成因相。受沉积物供给速率、可容空间增长速率及盆缘断裂产状等因素控制可划分出退积型、加积型、前积型、陡坡型和缓坡型5种扇三角洲类型。位于扇三角洲平原的辫状分流河道砂体及其位于扇三角洲前缘的与之有成因联系的水下分流河口坝、洪水型重力流砂体等物性好,可以构成优质储层。含油性勘探成果亦证实各主力油层段平面上主要分布于扇三角洲前缘及分流间湾区,小部分位于扇三角洲平原区。受埋藏深度和成岩场的影响,不同地区、不同层位主力油层段的物性与岩性相关性各异。因此,应用沉积体系分布与油气聚集规律挖掘剩余油层及进行远景区预测是有效的与可行的。  相似文献   

凡口铅锌矿床海底热泉喷溢成矿的地质地球化学特征   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

陈学明  翟裕生 《地球科学》1998,23(6):610-615

凡口铅锌矿是发育于海相碳酸盐岩建造中的海底热泉喷溢沉积矿床。在研究矿床地质特征和地球化学特征的基础上,总结了发育于同沉积断裂两侧的矿体的形态、产状,矿石组构,成矿元素、微量元素、稀土元素的组成与分布,成矿温度和流体的性质,提出了热泉成矿作用与海相碳酸盐沉积作用同时演化的结论。  相似文献   

凡口铅锌矿床海底热泉喷溢成矿的物理化学环境   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

陈学明  邓军  翟裕生 《矿床地质》1998,17(3):240-246

凡口铅锌矿是发育于碳酸盐岩建造中的海底喷溢沉积矿床 ,以“一大二富三集中”的特点和典型的地质地球化学特征吸引着中外矿床地质工作者。叠层状矿体发育于同沉积断裂的旁侧 ,矿层与灰岩呈沉积接触关系。矿石具沉积碎屑组构 ,黄铁矿、闪锌矿具外生特征。稀土元素组成和硫同位素组成反映矿床与同生作用有关。铅同位素组成具有壳源和下地壳来源铅的特征。矿区主要矿层经历海底热泉喷溢沉积—成岩的演化  相似文献