VIIRS和AVHRR海表温度场空间精细度估算     

吴凡  Peter Cornillon  管磊 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2019,(8):123-129

对上层海洋次中尺度过程研究至关重要的卫星海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)场的空间精细度一直未受到足够重视。由于卫星SST产品反演噪声的影响和实测数据的缺乏等原因,目前对卫星SST场空间精细度的研究受到较大限制。本研究开发了一套估算卫星SST场空间精细度的方法,将Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership卫星Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite(Suomi-NPP/VIIRS)和NOAA-15卫星Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(NOAA-15/AVHRR)Level-2 SST场的空间能量谱与长时间在同一航线反复观测的高空间分辨率实测海温数据的空间能量谱进行了比较。研究发现VIIRS SST场夜间沿扫描方向在1.5~50 km尺度对海表温度空间能量的分布特征和变化趋势描述准确,日变化导致VIIRS白天场次中尺度空间谱能量相对夜晚有所增加。AVHRR SST场空间谱能量在次中尺度相比VIIRS有较大升高。  相似文献   

南海东北部亚中尺度过程时空分布特征   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

董济海  钟贻森 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(11):8-18

基于高分辨率模型2009-2012年的模拟结果,本文对南海东北部亚中尺度过程的时空分布特征进行了研究。模拟结果表明,南海东北部上层广泛存在着相对涡度接近于局地行星涡度的亚中尺度过程。统计结果发现,亚中尺度过程的相对涡度的分布具有着明显的非对称性,即正涡度明显强于负涡度。这意味着相比于负涡度,具有正涡度的亚中尺度过程要更为活跃,而这主要是由离心不稳定导致。同时,亚中尺度过程在时间分布上表现出明显的冬强夏弱的季节变化特征。通过对该海区亚中尺度过程可能生成机制的分析发现,该季节变化与流场拉伸和混合层的厚度有着密切关系,冬季更强的流场拉伸和更深的混合层有利于通过锋生过程和混合层不稳定为亚中尺度过程生成提供更多的能量。  相似文献   

双锋面相遇对强龙卷风环境场影响的数值模拟研究          下载免费PDF全文

王坚红  纪晓涵  王群  王兴  苗子书  苗春生 《大气科学学报》2021,44(5):782-794

对2009—2016年江苏北部龙卷事件的环境场进行统计与诊断,并对两次典型龙卷过程环境场进行数值模拟,重点探讨近海岸平原地区的江苏北部在春夏季节成为中国强龙卷最高频发生地的特殊性以及环境双锋面系统相遇对龙卷环境场的增强机制。分析结果显示：苏北龙卷发生率占全省58.6%。其中盐城和徐州又是苏北龙卷最高发地区。春夏季节,冷暖干湿气团势力相近,中尺度锋面系统多,易发生双锋面汇集造成局地龙卷强对流。对徐州（2009年）和盐城（2016年）的两次典型龙卷强对流环境场分析显示,徐州龙卷为变形场锋生和海风锋汇合,盐城龙卷为气旋锋面和岸滨锋相遇。WRF模拟结果显示,双锋面系统汇聚以及锋面二级环流相遇,可造成局地水平风速垂直扭转及垂直速度的水平切变,有利于驱动和增强区域正涡度;双锋面二级环流垂直上升支的叠加,可在平坦地区产生强烈的系统性抬升。这将形成有利龙卷类强对流天气发生发展的环境场。而各种常用的强对流指标均具有较强局地性,需要依据局地统计特征进行参考使用。  相似文献   

A robust well-balanced finite volume model for shallow water flows with wetting and drying over irregular terrain   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Lixiang Song Jianzhong Zhou  Jun GuoQiang Zou  Yi Liu 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(7):915-932

An unstructured Godunov-type finite volume model is developed for the numerical simulation of geometrically challenging two-dimensional shallow water flows with wetting and drying over convoluted topography. In the framework of sloping bottom model, a modified formulation of shallow water equations is used to preserve mass conservation during flooding and recession. The key ingredient of the model is the use of this combination of the sloping bottom model and the modified shallow water equations to provide a robust technique for wet/dry fronts tracking and, together with centered discretization of the bed slope source term, to exactly preserve the static flow on irregular topographies. The variable reconstruction technique ensures nonnegative reconstructed water depth and reasonable reconstructed velocity, and the friction terms are solved by semi-implicit scheme that does not invert the direction of velocity components. The robustness and accuracy of the proposed model are assessed by comparing numerical and reference results of extensive test cases. Moreover, the results of a dam-break flooding over real topography are presented to show the capability of the model on field-scale application.  相似文献   

溃坝水流数值计算的非结构有限体积模型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

宋利祥  周建中  王光谦  王玉春  廖力  谢田 《水科学进展》2011,22(3):373-381

针对溃坝洪水数值计算面临不规则边界和复杂地形等问题,建立了三角形网格下求解二维浅水方程的高精度Godunov型有限体积模型.空间上,引入变量重构和限制器技术,采用HLLC近似Riemann算子计算数值通量;时间上,采用Hancock预测-校正法.将底高程定义于单元顶点,结合单元水位～体积关系,提高了干湿界面处理能力.采...  相似文献   

Edge‐, bottom‐, and Rossby waves in a rotating stratified fluid     

Peter Rhines 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2013,107(3-4):273-302

Abstract

It is found that in a rotating stratified fluid bounded by a single rigid wall, edge waves may occur at all frequencies less than or equal to N sin a (a is the angle of the wall from the horizontal and N the Brunt‐Vaisala frequency). These decay exponentially away from the boundary, in a distance of O(S) wavelengths, for α = O(1), or O(S ^‐1) wavelengths, for αS ≤ O(1), where S is the ratio of N to the Coriolis parameter f, taken for illustration to be large. The phase and energy both move with a component to the left, facing shallow water. The waves could, for example, appear as an internal tide at the continental rise or as baroclinic meandering of currents over a slope.

The low‐frequency limit, αS ? 1, is studied in detail. To allow for large scales of motion other rigid boundaries and variations in f are included. The edge (actually “bottom") waves then merge with topographic‐planetary waves as the wavelengths increase; the familiar depth‐independent mode is found to be possible in the sea for wavelengths exceeding about 450 km. The ß‐effect introduces modes complementary to that trapped at the bottom, which instead are isolated from it.  相似文献   

Daily Air Temperature Variability Associated With Climatic Variability at Columbus,Ohio     

Jeffery C. Rogers  Amy Yersavich 《自然地理学》2013,34(2):120-138

Snow is an important component of the earth's environment, and can significantly impact the everyday life of those living in a large portion of the United States. However, accurate and complete information on snowfall and snow cover is presently being collected at only 57% of the official climate observing stations in states where regional snows occur on an annual basis. The quality of the data varies significantly from one state to another, although it tends to be weakest where snow is least common. As a result of this evaluation, the list of stations with daily snow data published in National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climatohgical Data publications has been revised and expanded. [Key words: snow, snow observations, climate data, United States.]  相似文献   

Geomorphic evidence for active tectonic deformation in the coastal part of Eastern Black Sea,Eastern Pontides,Turkey     

Mustafa Softa  Tahir Emre  Hasan Sözbilir  Joel Q. G. Spencer  Mehmet Turan 《Geodinamica Acta》2018,30(1):249-264

The Eastern Pontides (EP), which is the under transpressional deformation zone, is an active mountain belt that has been rising rapidly since the Cenozoic era because of the Arabian-Eurasian convergence. Morphometric studies have been performed to investigate the tectonic activity of this region and better understand the characteristics of the faults geomorphologically; the faults control the mountain fronts in the drainage basin of the EP. The results show the Hypsometric Curve (HC)-Hypsometric Integral (0.37-HI-0.67), Basin-Shaped Analysis (1.2-B_s-7), Valley-Floor-Width to Height-Ratio (0.4-V_f-1.2) and Asymmetry Factor (35-AF-81) applied to 46 drainage basins together with 9 tectonically controlled geomorphic indices (1.2-S_mf-1.5) and a Stream Length Gradient (30-S_L-120) indicate that the EP is tectonically active, and when the areas are evaluated according to S_mf and V_f analyses, the tectonic level is relatively high. According to our conceptual model for the uplifting of the EP, with respect to field studies and morphometric analysis, (i) the EP is the active deformation zone and has a “push-up” geometry in conjunction with the North Anatolian Fault; (ii) the EP is progressively uplifting at a rate of more than 0.5 mm/yr in along with the thrust faults of the Black Sea Fault (BSF) and Borjomi-Kazbegi Fault (BKF).  相似文献   

南海上层海洋次中尺度过程空间差异和季节变化特征     

杨潇霄  曹海锦  经志友 《热带海洋学报》2021,40(5):10-24

南海是西太平洋最大的边缘海, 由于受季风影响显著以及北部海域的黑潮入侵, 其动力环境复杂多变, 次中尺度过程丰富, 且在空间上和时间上存在多变性。文章基于高分辨率数值模式的结果, 通过对次中尺度动力参数的分析, 对比讨论了南海北部、中部、西部和南部海域4个典型子区域上层海洋次中尺度过程的空间差异、季节变化、影响深度、影响因素等问题。研究发现各区域季节性变化特征和机制有所不同: 北部海域受冬季风和黑潮入侵影响, 冬季次中尺度的混合层不稳定较强; 中部海域同样表现为“冬强夏弱”; 西部海域受夏季风影响显著, 夏季次中尺度过程更为活跃; 而南部海域主要受岛屿地形影响较大, 容易产生地形尾涡, 季节性特征不明显。统计分析表明, 次中尺度过程往往表现出强正相对涡度与高应变特征, 在表层更容易出现负位涡, 流体稳定性较差。此外, 文章从能量学角度对次中尺度过程的主要能量来源、控制因素等进行了讨论。  相似文献   

水团对吕宋海峡浮游植物群落结构的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

谭激扬  黄良民  谭烨辉  连喜平  胡子峰 《海洋学报》2013,35(6):178-189

根据2008年8月18日至9月19日在吕宋海峡3个断面获得的0~200 m层浮游植物数据,探讨了群落结构及其与不同理化性质水团的关系。本研究共鉴定浮游植物4门61属169种（包括变种、变型和未定种）,其中甲藻和硅藻物种数基本相当,各占所有物种数的50%左右;另记录了金藻门3属3种;蓝藻门1种。海区优势种为卡氏前沟藻Amphisdinium carterae、锥状施克里普藻Scrippsiella trochiodea、角毛藻Chaetoceros sp.和原甲藻Prorocentrum sp.。丰度范围是（0.08~9.48）×106个/m3,平均为1.448×106个/m3。甲藻占总细胞丰度的74.68%;硅藻占24.96%。在水平方向,B断面和C5站浮游植物丰度较高,甲藻主要分布于远离陆地的海峡中部,而硅藻主要分布于台湾岛和吕宋岛附近;浮游植物垂直分布主要在水体的0~50 m层。聚类分析并结合水文数据表明浮游植物基本可划分为3个类群,分别受南海水、黑潮水和混合水的影响。南海水与黑潮水交汇的锋面区域,具有较周围区域更高的物种数、水柱平均丰度及硅甲藻丰度比,体现出强烈的锋面效应。  相似文献