羟基对赤潮生物的光合色素作用实验     

白希尧  白敏菂  杨波  张芝涛 《海洋科学》2006,30(11):5-8

羟基药剂具有氧化力极强、杀灭微生物的生化反应速度极快的特性。在容积1.8m3的水槽里进行了羟基对微藻的光合色素影响的中宇宙规模实验。羟基质量浓度达到0.55mg/L时,微生物的叶绿素a、b含量均低于检测方法的最低限值,其衰减率为100%,类胡萝卜素衰减率为92.3%,脱镁叶绿素增加了15.05倍。实验数据表明,羟基药剂将是治理赤潮的绿色有效方法。  相似文献   

First evidence of a massive recruitment event in Posidonia oceanica: Spatial variation in first-year seedling abundance on a heterogeneous substrate     

E. Balestri  C. Lardicci 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

A recruitment event of Posidonia oceanica was recorded in the Gulf of Ventilegne (Corsica, Western Mediterranean) in June 2005. One-year seedlings (alive and dead) were found at shallow depth (2–3 m) on a mix of rock and sand substrates. Pattern in the distribution of seedlings was examined over spatial scales ranging from centimetres to hundreds of metres. We also examined (a) whether establishment was preferentially associated with a specific substrate type; (b) the relation between proportional mortality and the density of established seedlings; and (c) the growth characteristics of seedlings. The average density of seedlings varied from 19 to 189 seedlings m⁻², with a maximum of 480 seedlings m⁻². While significant variation was detected at the scale of area (i.e., tens of metres), no difference was found in abundance of seedlings at the scale of sites (i.e., hundreds of metres). Most of the overall variability was, however, at on the smallest scale examined (i.e., among sampling units tens of centimetres apart). No differences were also observed in the establishment probability and seedling abundance between sand and rock substrates. The fine scale analysis of spatial patterns on rock and sand substrates showed a clumped distribution of seedlings. These results indicated that the spatial distribution of seedlings was not random, but organized at small spatial scales within the study sites. Hydrodynamics and micro-scale bottom features appeared to account for such patterning. Proportional seedling mortality was highly variable (ranging from 0.3 to 0.8), and tended to increase with increasing settlement density. A total of 128,000 seedlings were recoded over the 1600 m² surface area investigated. Such event reflected conspicuous seed supply and particularly favourable local conditions. This finding contradicts the current statement of low recruitment ability of P. oceanica and indicates that the species can recruit both on consolidated and unconsolidated substrates, at least in the study area.  相似文献   

东太平洋海洋微生物种群多样性初步研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李明  叶德赞  黄翔玲 《海洋湖沼通报》2008,(2):75-81

以东太平洋海洋微生物群落为研究对象,用稀释平板分离法,从海水中分离得到67株细菌。在形态观察的基础上选取48株进行培养,然后进行16S rDNA基因扩增,并用限制性内切酶RsaI和MspI对PCR产物进行ARDRA(Amplified rDNA restriction analysis)多态性分析,共得到10种不同的操作分类单元(Operational Taxonomic Unit,OTU)。其中OTU4和OTU10所包含的菌株分别占总分离物的35.4%和18.8%,为优势分离菌。优势分离菌的ERIC-PCR基因组指纹图分析表明,前者的17株分离物共有10种不同的指纹图类型,而后者的9株分离物有3种。结果显示,东太平洋海域的海水和底质沉积物具有明显的微生物种群多样性特征。  相似文献   

长江经济带某石化场地土壤中污染物分布与微生物特征     

叶翔宇  陈雪霞  于波  张敏  郭彩娟  卢晓霞 《地学前缘》2022,29(3):239-247

从长江经济带某在役石化场地采集了3个点位不同深度的土壤样品,测定了石油烃等污染物的含量和微生物的群落结构,以揭示污染物分布规律和微生物特征。结果显示,3个点位污染程度不同,但污染物含量均随深度先升高后降低,最高含量均出现在埋深4.0 m左右,即地下水位附近。土壤中C6-C9高达5 302 mg/kg,C10-C40高达625.6 mg/kg,芳烃高达455.2 mg/kg,卤代烃高达41.54 mg/kg。土壤微生物的丰富度和多样性随深度增加而降低,同一深度土壤微生物的丰富度和多样性随污染物含量增大而降低。门水平上Actinobacteria、Firmicutes和Spirochaetes的相对丰度和石油烃含量显著正相关(p<0.05),属水平上Streptomyces、SCADC1-2-3、Desulfitobacterium和Cryptanaerobacter的相对丰度和石油烃含量显著正相关(p<0.05)。  相似文献   

The crystallographic fabric and texture of siderite in concretions: implications for siderite nucleation and growth processes   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Mark W. Hounslow 《Sedimentology》2001,48(3):533-557

The crystallographic fabric of siderite in siderite concretions has been determined for upper Carboniferous (Westphalian‐A) non‐marine concretions and lower Jurassic (Pliensbachian) marine concretions. Compositional zoning indicates that individual siderite crystals grew over a period of changing pore water chemistry, consistent with the concretions being initially a diffuse patch of cement, which grew progressively. The siderite crystallographic fabric was analysed using the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, which is carried by paramagnetic siderite. The siderite concretions from marine and non‐marine formations exhibit differences in fabric style, although both display increases in the degree of preferred siderite c‐axis orientation towards the concretion margins. The Westphalian non‐marine siderites show a preferred orientation of siderite c‐axes in the bedding plane, whereas the Pliensbachian marine siderites have a preferred orientation of c‐axes perpendicular to the bedding. In addition, a single marine concretion shows evidence of earlier formed, inclined girdle‐type fabrics, which are intergrown with later formed vertical c‐axis siderite fabrics. The marine and non‐marine fabrics are both apparently controlled by substrate processes at the site of nucleation, which was probably clay mineral surfaces. Siderite nucleation processes on the substrate were most probably controlled by the (bio?) chemistry of the pore waters, which altered the morphology and crystallographic orientation of the forming carbonate. The preferred crystallographic orientation of siderite results from the orientation of the nucleation substrate. Fabric changes across the concretions partially mimic the progressive compaction‐induced alignment of the clay substrates, while the concretion grew during burial.  相似文献   

青藏高原多年冻土微生物的分离分析及其意义   总被引：6，自引：9，他引：6  

刘光  胡昌勤  张靖溥  沈永平 《冰川冻土》2001,23(4):419-422

对取自昆仑山垭口2m钻孔的21个样品中的微生物进行了分离鉴定，并对其生长速度和耐药性进行了初步分析，结果表明：青藏高原多年冻土中有微生物存在，其种类表现为临床少见，生长速度缓慢，冻土微生物的生长表现为嗜冷性，在35℃时生长停止，反映其有特殊的生理活动机制，分离细菌的耐药性分析，发现冻土中有较大比例的耐药细菌，反映了高原微生物的特殊性。  相似文献   

Airborne microorganisms: Their occurrence,distribution and dependence on environmental factors — Especially on organic compounds of air-pollution     

Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. H. Rüden  Prof. Dr. med. E. Thofern  Dr. med. P. Fischer  Dr. Ing. U. Mihm 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,116(2-3):335-350

For a period of approximately six months the concentrations of airborne microorganisms were determined by the uptake of their day-characteristic at local places differing by the extent of air pollution. By simultaneously recording the meteorological parameters as temperature, relative humidity, direction and velocity of wind and intensity of solar radiation, it was intended to find out the relationship between these factors and the viability of airborne microorganisms. The present data show an oscillation of the concentration counts over a wide range and seem not yet to depend on the local situation of air pollution.In a further series of experiments the atmospheric aerosol <10 m was collected on air-filters. The decreased substances were extracted from the filter material by aqueous and organic solutants and tested for their antimicrobial activities. In this context the seasonal dependence of the microbicidal activity of organic compounds of aerosol is discussed.  相似文献   

以醋酸为共代谢基质时四氯乙烯的生物降解初步研究     

李烨  刘菲  史敬华  刘石 《水文地质工程地质》2006,33(3):7-10,96

四氯乙烯（PCE）是一种广泛用于干洗和脱脂的有机溶剂,是地下水中常见的污染物.在本实验中,将某肉联厂厌氧污泥接种到土壤中,进行微生物培养.当系统中的微生物活性较高时,以醋酸为共代谢基质,进行驯化实验,当系统中的微生物适应浓度为120μg/L的PCE之后,对PCE在厌氧条件下的降解情况进行研究.研究结果表明,将厌氧污泥接种到土壤中培养的微生物,在以醋酸为共代谢基质的条件下,可以使PCE很快转化为三氯乙烯（TCE）,并可以进一步转化为二氯乙烯（DCEs）.PCE在天然地下水中的半衰期为108d,本实验PCE降解的半衰期为2.95d,反应速率常数为0.2342d^-1.  相似文献   

Degradation Kinetics of Petroleum Contaminants in Soft-Water Systems     

ZHENGXilai WANGBingchen LIYuying XIAWenxiang 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(3):825-828

On the basis of site investigation and sample collection of petroleum contaminants in the soil-water-crop system in the Shenyang-Fushun sewage irrigation area, the physical-chemical-biological compositions of the unsaturated zone is analyzed systematically in this paper. At the same time, the degradation kinetics of residual and aqueous oils is determined through biodegradation tests. The studies show that dominant microorganisms have been formed in the soils after long-term sewage irrigation. The microorganisms mainly include bacteria, and a few of fungus and actinomycetes.After a 110-days‘ biodegradation test, the degradation rate of residual oil is 9.74%--10.63%, while the degradation rate of aqueous oil reaches 62.43 %. This indicates that the degradation rate of low-carbon aqueous oil is higher than that of highcarbon residual oil. In addition, although microbial degradation of petroleum contaminants in soils is suitable to the firstorder kinetics equation, the half-lives of aqueous oil, No. 20 heavy diesel and residual oil in the surface soils (L2-1, S1-1 and X1-1) are 1732 h, 3465 h and 17325 h, respectively.  相似文献   

Radiaxial fibrous calcites as low-magnesian calcite cement precipitated in a marine-meteoric mixing zone   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yongin Kim  Yong Il Lee 《Sedimentology》2003,50(4):731-742

Abstract Radiaxial fibrous calcite (RFC) has previously been interpreted as a marine or replacive cement. Study of the Dongjeom Formation (Early Ordovician), Korea, shows that RFC can form in marine‐meteoric mixing zones as a low‐magnesian calcite (LMC) cement. RFC in the shallow‐marine Dongjeom Formation occurs in arenaceous limestones at the top of a transgressive facies overlying a regressive facies. It shows well‐developed growth zonation, and lighter oxygen isotope values and more radiogenic strontium isotope ratios than those of Early Ordovician marine calcite. Such petrographic and chemical evidence indicates that the RFC was precipitated as a primary LMC cement in a marine and meteoric mixing zone. Owing to the unique environment of formation, the Dongjeom RFC is characterized by growth zonal fabric comprising alternating subzones, which may indicate precipitation from varying fluids. In addition, this study documents the importance of substrate for development of RFC. Early ‘nucleation’ for RFC occurred mainly on microcrystalline skeletal grains and internal sediments, whereas on homogeneously altered substrates, thin‐coated banding structure developed, ultimately forming coarse crystalline spar. This suggests that microcrystalline substrates are preferred sites for nucleation of RFC.  相似文献