盐穴能源储库氮气阻溶造腔气垫控制理论研究     

刘伟  李德鹏  高丽  万继方  李林  唐海军  徐贵春  姜德义 《岩土力学》2023,(8):2205-2220

盐穴具有良好的稳定性和密闭性,是储存天然气、石油、氢气等的理想场所。传统水溶造腔采用的油垫阻溶存在阻溶效果差、卤水油污重等问题,无法满足绿色矿山建设要求。气垫作为一种替代品备受关注,但因其起步较晚、控制难度大,加之我国复杂的盐层地质条件,阻碍着其推广应用。为此,首先分析了不同造腔阶段气垫控制特点,然后在对气-液界面处压力平衡分析的基础上提出了不同阶段气垫厚度预测及注气量计算方法,结合某井建槽期实例给出了建议气垫厚度及其波动范围,探明了气垫厚度和注气量随造腔推进的变化规律,最后探讨了气垫阻溶应用相关的关键问题。研究结果表明：建槽期及收顶期以气垫厚度控制为主,建腔期及腔体修复阶段则以气-液界面位置控制为主。建议建槽期平均气垫厚度不低于0.3 m,建槽期初期气垫厚度波动迅速,应设置较大的气垫厚度并及时补注氮气,随后气垫厚度波动趋于稳定,补气时间间隔可逐渐拉长。随造腔时间增加,单次补气量越来越大,累计补气量整体呈线性增长。造腔过程中井口气压及气-液界面处气垫压力先增加后线性减小,应实时监测井口气压变化。气垫阻溶与油垫阻溶成本相近但环境效益显著,可重复利用排出氮气及井口注气设施以节约成本。现场应...  相似文献   

高密度抑制防塌冲洗液体系在四川营山SY-1地热井中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

王永全  李世昌  张凯 《探矿工程》2021,48(12):86-93

四川营山地下热矿水探采井SY-1井是一口地热资源重点勘查井,实际完钻深度2758 m,揭露三叠系上统须家河组热储层岩性以长石砂岩、粉砂岩为主,埋藏深度2220~2758 m,厚度538 m。下沙溪庙组岩性为灰绿色页岩、暗紫红色粉砂质泥岩夹黄褐色中厚层状粉砂岩及块状细粒长石砂岩,含高压气、卤水混合物,施工过程中需解决坍塌掉块、井涌、井漏、卤水污染、缩径等复杂难题。室内通过开展高密度抑制防塌钻井液流变性、防塌性、稳定性等控制方面的技术攻关,在优选钠基膨润土的基础上,通过对包被剂、降滤失剂（抗盐）、防塌剂等材料的筛选及优化,形成了高密度抑制防塌冲洗液的最终配方：清水+4%膨润土+0.1%纯碱+0.1%烧碱+1%~2%增粘剂HN-1+0.2%~0.5%环保大分子包被剂+1%~3%环保降滤失剂HJ-1+1%~3%抗盐滤失剂HLY+1%~2%环保防塌剂HFJ+重晶石。该配方密度1.50~1.80 g/cm³可调,滤失量4.0 mL,流变性能好,抑制防塌效果显著,在现场取得了成功应用,保证了该项目的顺利实施。  相似文献   

一种GNSS码跟踪环路中的多径抑制方法     

刘德荣  杨东凯 《全球定位系统》2012,37(6):5-8,16

主要介绍了一种在GNSS信号中抑制多径信号的鉴相方法,接收机接收到的GNSS信号中往往包含多径信号,GNSS信号进行下变频生成中频信号后,进行模数转换;将经过模数转换后的GNSS信号进行载波剥离,得到I路和Q路的信号,在码跟踪环路中,对I路和Q路信号进行码剥离,得到多径信号的互相关功率后,采用基于精密TK采样间隔的TK—EML5鉴相方法,能够起到有效地抑制多径信号的效果。  相似文献   

硅铝络合两性离子聚合物强抑制防塌钻井液体系在查干花地区的研究及应用          下载免费PDF全文

潘振杰 《探矿工程》2010,37(1):24-26,39

针对查干花地区不同地层存在缩径、掉块和垮塌等井壁稳定问题,研制了一种硅铝络合两性离子聚合物强抑制防塌钻井液体系。结合室内水敏性、配伍性、滚动回收率实验,对该体系中的AOS-1（硅铝络合抑制防塌剂）的作用进行室内实验研究,并在查干花地区6口井进行了现场的应用。试验结果表明,新型强抑制性钻井液体系与其他处理剂配伍性好,抑制性强,能有效防止井壁失稳。  相似文献   

钻进过程中天然气水合物的分解抑制和诱发分解   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

蒋国盛  宁伏龙等 《地质与勘探》2001,37(6):86-87

讨论了天然气水合物钻进过程中，抑制和诱发孔底出露水合物分解的途径、方法和原理，并介绍了一个诱发水合物分解的钻进过程。  相似文献   

S(IV) Autoxidation in Atmospheric Liquid Water: The Role of Fe(II) and the Effect of Oxalate     

Irena Grgićc  Marjeta Pozničc  Mirko Bizjak 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1999,33(1):89-102

The reactivity of dissolved iron compounds towards different pollutants and photooxidants in atmospheric liquid water depends upon the oxidation state and speciation of iron. Our measurements of the oxidation state of dissolved iron eluted from aerosol particles (Dae: 0.4–1.6 m) collected in the urban atmosphere of Ljubljana showed that a large fraction of the iron content is present as Fe(II). The concentration ratio [Fe(II)]/[Fe(III)] varied between 0.9 and 3.1. The kinetics of S(IV) autoxidation catalyzed by Fe(II) under the conditions representative for acidified atmospheric liquid water and the influence of oxalate on this reaction under dark conditions was investigated. The reaction rate is the same if Fe(II) or Fe(III) is used as a catalyst under the condition that Fe(II) can be oxidized in Fe(III), which is the catalytically active species. Oxalate has a strong inhibiting effect on the S(IV) autoxidation in the presence of Fe(II). The reaction is autocatalytic with an induction period, that increases with higher concentrations of oxalate. The inhibiting effect of oxalate differs according to whether iron is initially in the Fe(II) or Fe(III) state. However, in both cases the inhibition by oxalate is a result of the formation of complexes with the catalyst.  相似文献   

自组织特征映射神经网络及其在彩色地图自动分层中的应用     

林宗坚  刘少创 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1994,(2)

地图数据分层是地图识别系统的一个重要组成部分。由于传统的基于Ｂａｙｅｓ准则识别方法要求已知概率分布密度，当实际概率分布与假设条件存在差异时，无法取得满意的识别效果。神经网络方法可以克服这些缺点。本文利用Ｋｏｈｏｎｅｎ提出的自组织特征映射网络的学习、识别能力，实现了对彩色地图扫描数据的自动分层。  相似文献   

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN AMMONIUM UPTAKE AND NITRATE UPTAKE BY NATURAL PHYTOPLANKTONASSEMBLAGES   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

焦念志 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1993,11(2):97-107

Measurements of ammonium and nitrate uptakes by natural phytoplankton assemblages from Jiaozhou Bay at various combinations of ammonium and nitrate concentrations with 15N trace techniques showed that uptake rate of either nitrogen was influenced by the presence of the other but that the influence of ammonium on nitrate uptake was much greater than, that of nitrate on ammonium uptake. The influence mechanism of ammonium on nitrate uptake manifested as competition at lower concentrations and as inhibition at higher concentrations (ammonium concentration >0.6 umol/L), but no total inhibition appeared within the concentration.range of the experiments (0-10umol/L). The influence of nitrate on ammonium uptake seems to be a result of competition for uptake sites on the cell surface. In view of the in situ nutrient concentration in the given marine . environment, it is believed that both nitrogen sources are utilized by phytoplankton. Nitrate uptake in the presence of ammonium and ammonium uptake in the presen  相似文献   

Degradation of Isoprene in the Presence of Sulphoxy Radical Anions     

Krzysztof J. Rudzinski 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2004,48(2):191-216

Autoxidation of S(IV) initiated by manganese sulphate or potassium peroxydisulphate in alkaline aqueous solutions was significantly slowed down by dissolved isoprene, which decayed in the process. The laboratory experiments were carried out in a batch, perfectly mixed reactor, which had no gas space. The concentration–time profiles of oxygen were measured with a Clark-type electrode. The profiles of sulphite species and of isoprene were evaluated from the UV spectra of solutions. The kinetic analysis indicated that isoprene reacted directly with sulphate radical anions produced during the S(IV) autoxidation. A relative second-order rate constant of (2.12 ± 0.37) × 10⁹ M^–1 s^–1 was determined for this reaction at 25 °C, pH (8.0–8.5) and ionic strength of (1.7–4.9) × 10^–3 M (the reference rate constant of the reaction of sulphate radical anions with sulphite ions equalled 3.4 × 10⁸ M^–1 s^–1). A tentative mechanism of isoprene oxidation during S(IV) autoxidation, which included formation of isoprene – SO^– ₄ adduct, was based on the analogy to the gas-phase reactions of isoprene and to the liquid-phase reactions of sulphate radical anions with other compounds. Atmospheric significance of the aqueous-phase reaction of isoprene with sulphate radicals was discussed. Approximate analysis showed the reaction is a potential sink for isoprene in the aqueous phase and in the gas–liquid systems of high liquid water content (LWC > 10^–5 m³ m^–3). The aqueous-phase oxidation of isoprene can produce secondary pollutants, and influence transformation and the long-range transport of SO₂ in the atmosphere.  相似文献   

Inhibition of the S(IV) Autoxidation in the Atmosphere by Secondary Terpenic Compounds     

W. Pasiuk-Bronikowska  T. Bronikowski  M. Ulejczyk 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2003,44(1):97-111

To better understand the role of terpenic compounds in atmospheric chemistry the influence of sobrerol, a water-soluble product of photochemical autoxidation or ozonolysis of -pinene, on the rate of S(IV) autoxidation was studied. Laboratory experiments were performed under heterogeneous conditions, at constant supply with S(IV) by dissolution of CaSO₃.1/2 H₂O fine particles and with air oxygen by diffusion through a planar gas-liquid interface. The progress of S(IV) autoxidation, uncatalysed or catalysed by Fe₂(SO₄)₃ or CoSO₄, was followed conductometrically. The inhibiting effect of sobrerol was discussed in terms of the chain reaction terminated in a step linear with respect to sulphoxy radicals. A method was proposed for quantification of the inhibiting effect and the rate constant (2.0–3.8)10⁸ M^–1s^–1 was given for the step eliminating sulphate radicals. Further consequences of the inhibition: shifting the reaction locus from the gas-liquid (droplet) interface to the liquid (droplet) bulk and strong oscillations in the rate of S(IV) autoxidation resulting of the activity of sobrerol-derived radicals were also shown.  相似文献