基于遥感和InVEST模型的白龙江流域景观生物多样性时空格局研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

谢余初  巩杰  张素欣  马学成  胡宝清 《地理科学》2018,38(6):979-986

以甘肃白龙江流域为例,结合遥感、GIS技术和InVEST模型,从景观地理学角度选取区域生境质量、植物净初级生产力和景观状态指数为评价指标,构建区域景观尺度上生物多样性空间格局综合评估方法,并在栅格像元尺度上开展白龙江流域景观生物多样性时空变化特征分析。结果表明：白龙江流域景观生物多样性空间格局差异显著,其生物多样性高值区主要集中在自然保护区和林业管护区,低值区主要分布在舟曲-武都-文县的白龙江两岸及其以北区域、宕昌县岷江沿岸、高寒稀疏植被区和高山积雪-裸岩区。1990~2010年,流域景观生物多样性较为丰富,整体呈现不断增长的趋势,个别局部区域减弱,其增长区主要体现在生态工程实施区和林业管护区,减少区多分布在人类活动频繁的城乡农耕区和灾害多发区。  相似文献   

长沙都市区生境质量对城市扩张的时空响应     

戴云哲  李江风  杨建新 《地理科学进展》2018,37(10):1340-1351

生境质量是评价生态环境的重要指标,掌握其对城市扩张的时空响应规律,有助于提升都市区城乡规划质量和生态管控的合理性。本文在运用InVEST模型对长沙都市区1995-2015年生境质量时空演化的基本特征进行分析的基础上,利用缓冲区由内向外逐层剖析,探讨长沙都市区近20年来城市扩张格局及其对生境质量的影响。结果表明：①长沙都市区建设用地面积从170.26 km²增至487.19 km²;三环线以内建设用地快速扩张,从三环线起向外扩张逐渐放缓;②生境质量中等及以上的区域占比从1995年的43.49%下降到2015年的27.22%,生境质量平均值则相应地从0.46下降到0.31,且退化最明显的区域从核心外围区(5-10号缓冲区)外移到三环线附近(10-15号缓冲区);③各圈层建设用地扩张强度与生境质量变化之间存在显著的空间负相关性,生境质量变化对城市扩张响应最强烈的区域始终位于核心外围区;④建设用地空间布局零散和几何形态不规则程度的增加加剧了生境质量的退化,并在三环线附近区域(10-15号缓冲区)表现最为明显,应成为未来长沙都市区城乡规划和生态管控的重点区域。  相似文献   

Use a Spatial Analysis Model to Assess Habitat Quality in Lashihai Watershed     

LI Haiping  QI Yanan  QU Yunying 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(6):622-631

Habitat quality assessments are of great significance for protecting biodiversity. This study analyzes the changing habitat quality of Lashihai watershed based on SPOT satellite images. We extracted the land use data for Lashihai watershed in Yunnan province for the years 2000 and 2015, and then used an InVEST model to evaluate habitat degradation, habitat quality and habitat scarcity in the study area from 2000 to 2015. Spatial statistical methods were used to determine changes to spatial dynamics. Results indicate that the number of areas with habitat degradation was generally small, and that both the number of areas with habitat degradation and the degree of degradation had fallen noticeably during the fifteen-year study period. In general, the quality of habitats was maintained or improved, while the quality of habitats decreased in only a few areas. The scarcity of habitats for cultivated land had increased, the tension between people and land use was relatively prominent. The reason habitat quality in Lashihai watershed has improved can be attributed to three factors: 1) The policy of returning farmland to forests since 2000 has been well implemented and has achieved remarkable results. Loss of forests from logging and deforestation has basically been eliminated, and great progress has been made restoring the ecological environment. 2) High background value of quality habitat suitability benefits from the research area’s high vegetation coverage. 3) The development of the local tourism economy has transformed the area’s ecological advantages into an economic bonus, greatly increasing the income level and living standards of residents. At the same time, the ecological resource bonus has increased the enthusiasm of residents for ecological protection and has helped to promote the protection of local eco-systems, both reducing ecological degradation and improving habitat quality. At the same time, increasing conflicts between land and people should be addressed. Support is needed to promote development of the ecological economy while continuously reducing ecological degradation and further increasing residents’ income. There must be less reliance on industry and less pressure on both land and people, all the while ensuring that the local economy and ecology can more forward together in a sustainable way.  相似文献   

沙地节水渗灌自动控制系统的研制     

赵爱国  荔克让 《中国沙漠》1999,19(2):165-168

文章介绍了一种沙地节水渗灌自动控制系统装置,主要叙述了渗灌装置的结构组成与连接方法,以及系统的软、硬件组成与仪器功能指标,整个系统设计简洁,成本低,可靠性好,能自动监测沙地水分上下限和渗坛水位上下限,根据所需信息系统自动向管道供水,大幅度减轻操作人员的劳动强度。采用微机技术有利于农业现代化管理,是我国节水渗灌农业值得推广的自动化控制系统  相似文献   

广东二叠纪动物群的古生态     

覃秀兰  竺维彬 《煤田地质与勘探》1992,20(5):7-11

广东二叠纪地层分布广泛,尤以粤北、粤东、粤西北发育最好,也是广东的主要含煤地层。二叠纪动物群繁盛,大量的动物化石大多采自泥岩和灰岩,计有138属421种,主要包括（?）、腕足、双壳类、头足类和牙形刺等。根据动物的生态特征、分布状况以及沉积环境,广东二叠纪古生物地理区可分成连阳区和粤北-粤东-粤中区,同时依照不同的年代、不同的地区有12个动物群。这些动物群总属于浅海相和海陆交互相的古生态环境。   相似文献   

中国近海浮游介形类大尺度生态研究　Ⅴ.浮游介形类群落生境地理位置的季节性变迁     

林景宏  陈瑞祥  郭凤飞 《海洋学报》1998,20(5):109-113

综合分析黑潮、南海暖流、黄海冷水团、对马暖流、闽浙沿岸流、粤东沿岸流、季风和径流对中国近海影响的季节性差异,从而导致中国近海浮游介形类的群落生境地理位置随之进行季节性的变迁。本文选择差异甚大的夏、冬两季进行分析。  相似文献   

Response of Spartina alterniflora Vegetation to Oiling and Burning of Applied Oil     

C.W Lindau  R.D Delaune  A Jugsujinda  E Sajo 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,38(12):781-1220

A field study evaluated Spartina alterniflora sensitivity to oiling and to in situ burning of applied crude oil. Experimental plots (2.4 m × 2.4 m × 0.6 m) were constructed in the salt marsh for control, oiling (natural clean-up) and oiling/burning treatments. South Louisiana Crude was applied to oiling and oiling/burning treatment plots at 2 l m⁻² and the burn conducted. S. alterniflora responses (height, live stem density, carbon fixation and biomass) were measured for 50 weeks after the August burn. Oiling and oiling/burning had short-term detrimental effects on the salt marsh. One year after the late summer burn, S. alterniflora responses measured in the oiled and oiled/burned plots were not significantly different compared to control values. Results suggest that, under our experimental conditions, intervention may not be required for marsh recovery. However, if spill conditions require a rapid response to control contaminant spread or protect other sensitive resources, burning may be a clean-up operation to consider.  相似文献   

安徽升金湖国家级自然保护区水鸟生境适宜性变化   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

杨李  董斌  汪庆  盛书薇  韩文妍  赵俊  程明伟  杨少文 《湖泊科学》2015,27(6):1027-1034

水鸟是湿地生态系统健康的指示生物,人类活动对其影响日益严重.研究自然保护区内的水鸟生境适宜性变化可以为湿地恢复提供帮助.通过层次分析法确定水鸟生境影响因子的权重,建立生境适宜性指数模型,根据TM遥感影像图和相关数据计算出安徽省升金湖国家级自然保护区1986-2011年5个年份的水鸟生境适宜指数,并结合GIS空间分析生成的水鸟生境适宜性分级图,分析升金湖建立保护区后水鸟生境适宜性变化.结果表明:升金湖地区在1986年建保护区后的几年间水鸟生境适宜性相对平稳,但是仍然有较为明显的下降;1990s后期,该地区水鸟生境适宜性开始显著恶化,一直持续到2000年之后才有小幅度的回升.水鸟生境适宜性最好的区域由片状分散逐渐转变成小范围聚集,适宜区域也在由实验区和缓冲区向核心区迁移的过程中显著缩减.本文还讨论了在研究中存在的不足,并提出一些恢复水鸟生境的建议.  相似文献   

Effects of human disturbance and riparian conditions on Odonata (Insecta) assemblages in eastern Amazon basin streams     

《Limnologica》2017

Riparian vegetation is an important determinant of the physical, chemical, and biological condition of streams, and odonates are useful indicators of riparian condition. To identify environmental factors that structure Odonata assemblages in tropical forest streams, we collected adult odonate specimens and habitat data from 50 stream sites located in the Brazilian municipality of Paragominas (Pará state). We collected 1769 specimens representing 11 families, 41 genera, and 97 species. Of these species, 56 were Zygoptera, and 41 were Anisoptera. Improved environmental condition was reflected in increased Zygoptera species richness and reduced Anisoptera species richness. Channel shading was strongly and positively related to Zygoptera richness, and negatively to Anisoptera richness. Zygoptera species richness, but not Anisoptera species richness, was related positively to bank angle, quantity of wood in the stream bed, electrical conductivity, and decreased water temperature. Altered riparian vegetation structure was the principal determinant of odonate assemblage structure. Our results indicate that maintaining intact riparian vegetation is fundamental for conserving or re-establishing aquatic odonate assemblage structure.  相似文献   

Effect of storms during drought on post‐wildfire recovery of channel sediment dynamics and habitat in the southern California chaparral,USA          下载免费PDF全文

Joan L. Florsheim  Anne Chin  Alicia M. Kinoshita  Samira Nourbakhshbeidokhti 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(10):1482-1492

Current global warming projections suggest a possible increase in wildfire and drought, augmenting the need to understand how drought following wildfire affects the recovery of stream channels in relation to sediment dynamics. We investigated post‐wildfire geomorphic responses caused by storms during a prolonged drought following the 2013 Springs Fire in southern California (USA), using multi‐temporal terrestrial laser scanning and detailed field measurements. After the fire, a dry‐season dry‐ravel sediment pulse contributed sand and small gravel to hillslope‐channel margins in Big Sycamore Creek and its tributaries. A small storm in WY 2014 generated sufficient flow to mobilize a portion of the sediment derived from the dry‐ravel pulse and deposited the fine sediment in the channel, totaling ~0.60 m³/m of volume per unit length of channel. The sediment deposit buried step‐pool habitat structure and reduced roughness by over 90%. These changes altered sediment transport characteristics of the bed material present before and after the storm; the ratio of available to critical shear stress (τ_o/τ_c) increased by five times. Storms during WY 2015 contributed additional fine sediment from tributaries and lower hillslopes and hyperconcentrated flow transported and deposited additional sediment in the channel. Together these sources delivered sediment on the order of six times that in 2014, further increasing τ_o/τ_c. These storms during multi‐year drought following wildfire transformed channel dynamics. The increased sediment transport capacity persisted during the drought period characterized by the longer residence time of relatively fine‐grained post‐fire channel sedimentation. This contrasts with wetter years, when post‐fire sediment is transported from the fluvial system during the same season as the post‐fire sediment pulse. Results of this short‐term study highlight the complex and substantial effects of multi‐year drought on geomorphic responses following wildfire. These responses influence pool habitat that is critical to longer‐term post‐wildfire riparian ecosystem recovery. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献