Growth, behaviour, and digestive enzyme activity in larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in relation to rotifer lipid   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

O'Brien-MacDonald  Kelly; Brown  Joseph A.; Parrish  Christopher C. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2006,63(2):275-284

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欧鳗“狂游症”病毒的细胞定位与超微病变   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

颜江华  颜青  方莹  黄印尧  倪子绵  陈信忠 《台湾海峡》2001,20(1):54-56,T001

应用电镜标本制备和观察技术对45尾“狂游症”欧鳗的主要脏器进行系统观察，在脑、心脏、肌肉和皮肤组织中，发现一种致病性病毒，多数病毒定位于细胞的内质网腔，一般为球状或椭圆球状，大小约为50～80nm×100～150nm，具有囊膜，囊膜外附有纤突，可以造成脑细胞的肿胀、空泡变性和心肌细胞线粒体的结构破坏和空泡化等细胞病变．人工感染欧鳗中找到同样病毒，表明该病毒是欧鳗“狂游症”的致病原．  相似文献   

砂粒粒径与砂层厚度对单体筐养养殖系统中三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)幼蟹摄食行为与生长特性的影响研究     

徐永健  申屠基康  丁张妮 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(1):233-239

在三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)的单体筐养养殖系统中, 试验了生态掩体(砂盒)中不同的砂粒粒径大小以及砂层厚度对梭子蟹幼蟹摄食行为与生长特性的影响。砂粒粒径设三个水平,分别为: >2mm、<0.2mm 以及混合砂; 砂层厚度有0cm、2cm、5cm、8cm 四个水平。试验共进行6天, 结果表明: 砂粒粒径及砂层厚度对梭子蟹幼蟹的摄食与生长都有明显的影响。从砂粒粒径看, 幼蟹在细砂(SPS)中挖洞休息, 蟹体与砂面呈30—45°角, 仅露眼睛及触角在外。一天内有3—6 次进食,总进食时间为(142.7±22.52)min, 在摄食次数、总进食时间、平均摄食量[(0.2427±0.0137) g/gBW]、以及蜕皮及成活率都远高于其它粒径组, 该组中幼蟹的体重增长最快, 增加了(0.814±0.113)g, 增长率为91.5%±3.43%; 而该组的饵料系数(FCR)最低为1.17±0.11。因此, 筐养养殖系统砂掩体的砂粒粒径最好为0.2 mm 以下。砂层厚度也有类似结果, 5 cm 以上厚度养殖效果最佳。平均摄食量为(0.2087±0.0046) g/gBW, 该厚度下, 幼蟹无死亡、100%蜕皮, 体重也增加最快, 增加了(0.791±0.121)g, 增长率为88.9%±3.74%, 饵料系数(FCR)达到1.37±0.23, 表明筐养系统掩体中砂层厚度要在5 cm 以上。三种保护性酶类(SOD, POD, CAT)活性随着砂粒粒径变小和砂层厚度增加而降低, 而消化酶类(淀粉酶、蛋白酶、脂酶)活性则表现与保护性酶类相反特性。从两类酶的活性变化也能证实, 在优选条件下(细砂、厚度>5 cm), 幼蟹所受的胁迫在降低。  相似文献   

Effects of salinity on survival,feeding behavior and growth of the juvenile swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus (Miers, 1876)     

申屠基康  徐永健  丁张妮 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2015,33(3):679-684

Effect of salinity on survival,feeding behavior and growth of juvenile swimming crab P ortunus trituberculatus was investigated under 5 salinity levels of 5,10,20,30 and 40. The results show that the crab juveniles fed 2 or 3 times at the salinity 20 and 30,each lasted for about 25 minutes,for a total feeding time of 73.2±22.65 minutes per day. At these salinities,there were significantly higher in the frequency of feeding and in total feeding time than those at lower salinities of 5 and 10. All crab juveniles moulted when reared at a salinity of 20 during the 5 days duration of the experiment,which is significantly higher than those at other salinities. All juveniles survived at salinity 20,and the survivorship was not significantly different from that at 30,but was signif icantly higher than those at other salinities. The crab juveniles reared at a salinity of 20 had the highest value of food ration of 0.190 8±0.011 3 g/g BW,average body weight gain of 0.796±0.128 g,gain rate of 87%–96%,and food conversion ratio of 1.20±0.09. There was no significant difference in the values found between 20 and 30 but these values were significantly lower than that at the other salinities( P 0.05). Highest activities of digestive enzymes(Amylase,Protease,Lipase) and lowest activities of protective enzymes(SOD,PO,CAT) were also obtained on crab juveniles reared at salinity of 20.  相似文献   

饲养空间大小对单体筐养养殖系统中三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)的摄食行为与生长特性的影响研究     

徐永健  申屠基康  丁张妮 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(6):1346-1352

在三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)的单体筐养养殖(SCBC)系统中,研究了不同的饲养空间大小对梭子蟹(幼蟹与成蟹)摄食行为与生长的影响。试验设置了四个饲养空间处理:空间长度分别为养殖蟹平均壳长的1倍、1.5倍、2倍及3倍,宽为长的一半。经6天试验,结果表明,1倍空间的幼蟹摄食行为发生变化,摄食次数[(1.2±0.45)次/d]和总进食时间[(31.2±6.89)min]比2倍与3倍的空间[(2.6±0.45)次/d,(83.1±13.66)min]明显减少,导致摄食量减少[前者为(0.0835±0.0269)g/g BW,后两者最高为(0.2014±0.0114)g/g BW],至第5天全部死亡。其它处理,随着空间的增大,摄食量增大,幼蟹的生长速率(蜕皮率,体重增长率)增加。其中,在2倍空间以上处理中,幼蟹表现有最高的成活率(100%)、蜕皮率(100%)以及体重增长率(86.5%—97.2%),同时有较低的饵料系数(1.31±0.11)。成蟹的试验结果与幼蟹类似,除1.5倍饲养空间外,该处理中幼蟹表现出对生长的胁迫,而成蟹的摄食行为和生长与2倍及3倍空间无差异。不同空间中梭子蟹的摄食与生长的差异与梭子蟹在这些处理中的保护性酶类(SOD,POD,CAT)和消化酶类(淀粉酶,蛋白酶,脂酶)的活性有密切关系。  相似文献   

Effect of dissolved oxygen on swimming ability and physiological response to swimming fatigue of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)     

DUAN Yan  ZHANG Xiumei  LIU Xuxu  and Dhanrajsingh N. Thakur 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(1):132-140

The swimming endurance of whiteleg shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei, 87.66 mm ± 0.25 mm, 7.73 g ± 0.06 g) was examined at various concentrations of dissolved oxygen(DO, 1.9, 3.8, 6.8 and 13.6 mg L-1) in a swimming channel against one of the five flow velocities(v1, v2, v3, v4 and v5). Metabolite contents in the plasma, hepatopancreas and pleopods muscle of the shrimp were quantified before and after swimming fatigue. The results revealed that the swimming speed and DO concentration were significant factors that affected the swimming endurance of L. vannamei. The relationship between swimming endurance and swimming speed at various DO concentrations can be described by the power model(ν·tb = a). The relationship between DO concentration(mg L-1) and the swimming ability index(SA∫ 9000I), defined as SAI =vdt( cm), can be described as SAI = 27.947 DO0.137(R2 = 0.9312). The 0level of DO concentration directly affected the physiology of shrimp, and exposure to low concentrations of DO led to the increases in lactate and energetic substrate content in the shrimp. In responding to the low DO concentration at 1.9 mg L-1 and the swimming stress, L. vannamei exhibited a mix of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism to satisfy the energetic demand, mainly characterized by the utilization of total protein and glycogen and the production of lactate and glucose. Fatigue from swimming led to severe loss of plasma triglyceride at v1, v2, and v3 with 1.9 mg L-1 DO, and at v-11 with 3.8, 6.8 and 13.6 mg L DO, whereas the plasma glucose content increased significantly at v3, v4 and v5 with 3.8 and 6.8 mg L-1 DO, and at v5 with 13.6 mg L-1 DO. The plasma total protein and hepatopancreas glycogen were highly depleted in shrimp by swimming fatigue at various DO concentrations, whereas the plasma lactate accumulated at high levels after swimming fatigue at different velocities. These results were of particular value to understanding the locomotory ability of whiteleg shrimp and its physiological changes, further contributing to the improvement of capture and rearing technique.  相似文献   

Blood oxygenation in shortfin eels during swimming and hypoxia: Influence of the root effect     

M. E. Forster 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):247-251

Blood samples were withdrawn from dorsal aortic cannulae in shortfin eels before, during, and after acute exposure to hypoxia and to forced swimming. Both hypoxia (PIO₂ < 40 mm Hg) and forced swimming at 24 cm s^‐1 abolished apnoeic periods and increased ventilation. The fall in PaCO₂with hyperventilation, raised pH and thus increased the oxygen carrying capacity of arterial blood. The Root effect influences shortfin eel blood up to pH 8.0, at 17°C and has an effect on arterial oxygen content. It cannot be responsible for all of the increased oxygen content during swimming and in recovery from swimming and hypoxia; ventilatory and/or circulatory changes must account for the rest. Hypoxia, but not swimming, produced a rise in dorsal aortic blood pressure. The bradycardia of hypoxia was deeper than that which accompanies apnoeic periods in air‐saturated water.  相似文献   

三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)幼蟹饲料中胆固醇的适宜添加量研究     

韩涛  王骥腾  胡水鑫  李新宇  李荣华  母昌考  王春琳 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(6):1524-1529

采用单因素实验设计方法, 以初始体重为20g左右的三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)幼蟹为实验对象, 胆固醇添加量为0.003%、0.3339%、0.655%、0.986%、1.303%和1.628%的实验饲料投喂8周, 研究其胆固醇需求量。结果表明, 饲料中添加0.003%—1.628%胆固醇对各处理组的存 活率无显著性影响(P>0.05)。随饲料胆固醇水平的上升, 三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的增重率呈先上升后下降的趋势, 当饲料胆固醇水平≥0.655%时, 三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的增重率呈下降趋势。折线模型表明, 饲料中胆固醇添加量为0.6%时, 三疣梭子蟹幼蟹的增重率、性腺指数和壳宽增加达到最高值。根据增重率折线模型结果, 作者认为三疣梭子蟹幼蟹饲料中添加0.6%左右胆固醇较为适宜  相似文献   

红河(元江)流域的典型鱼类游泳能力探究及在过鱼设施流速设计中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王永猛  柯森繁  林晨宇  张奔  杨国党  雷青松  邓晓川  石小涛 《湖泊科学》2021,33(6):1820-1831

为探讨红河（元江）流域的典型洄游鱼类游泳能力,给过鱼设施修建设计和鱼类行为学研究提供基础参数,本研究以该流域的野生暗色唇鲮（Semilabeo obscurus）、华南鲤（Cyprinus carpio rubrofuscus）和红魾（Bagarius rutilus）3种鱼类（体长范围0.05~0.45 m）为研究对象,在野外现场布置游泳能力测试水槽分别测试了感应流速、临界游泳速度和突进游泳速度.研究结果表明：（1）对比绝对游泳能力与体长相关性,3种鱼的相对游泳能力与体长的相关性更高,均呈显著负相关;（2）3种鱼之间的游泳能力存在差异,红魾的感应流速最大,为（0.10±0.01）m/s,华南鲤的临界游泳速度最大,为（0.66±0.01）m/s,华南鲤的突进游泳速度最大,为（1.48±0.18）m/s;（3）拟合趋流率与水流速度的相关曲线,所有测试鱼的趋流率与流速的函数关系为Pre=19.80V-1.13（R²=0.96,P<0.05）,得出95%目标鱼的趋流速度为0.11 m/s;利用生存分析方法,得出95%目标鱼累积疲劳的临界和突进游泳速度分别为0.58、1.01 m/s.（4）当以暗色唇鲮、华南鲤和红魾为主要过鱼对象时,建议过鱼设施的内部流速不应小于0.1 m/s,入口的设计流速范围为0.6~1.0 m/s,休息区域的流速范围为0.1~0.6 m/s,孔口或竖缝等高流速区的设计流速不宜超过0.8 m/s,若过鱼设施孔口边壁或底部加糙,可适当增至0.8~1.0 m/s.本研究中红河（元江）流域鱼类游泳能力等资料为过鱼设施修建及珍稀鱼类保护提供了数据支撑.  相似文献   

精密测距在奥运场馆建设中的应用     

王攀  段红志 《地理空间信息》2010,8(3):109-111

介绍了一种使用全站仪同向观测、利用差值计算,配合垂直方向全站仪定位,精确测定泳池长度的方法,克服了现场无法架设仪器和目标棱镜的困难,减少了投点误差、仪器常数误差的影响,该方法还可以用于检验标准长度和仪器加常数。  相似文献