Neurophysiological control of swimming behaviour,attachment and metamorphosis in black-footed abalone (Haliotis iris) larvae     

AC Alfaro  T Young  K Bowden 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2014,48(3):314-334

Experiments were conducted to test the effect of a range of chemicals on larval responses in swimming behaviour, attachment and metamorphosis of the black-footed abalone (Haliotis iris). The effect of antibiotics on larval survival was first tested within negative (filtered seawater) and positive (GABA at 10^?5, 10^?4 and 10^?3 mol L^?1) control assays over 3 days. This experiment corroborated the effectiveness of using antibiotics to improve survival of larvae without obvious synergistic interactions with the GABA inducer or confounding effects of potential bacterial interactions. Chemical treatments (acetylcholine, potassium chloride, dopamine and glutamine) were then tested at various concentrations for their ability to modulate swimming behaviour and induce larval attachment and metamorphosis over 14 days. Generally, larval state shifted from swimming to attached, and from attached to metamorphosed, in the control and treatments over time. However, the peak percentage of attached and metamorphosed larvae varied in time among chemicals and concentrations. While overall percent metamorphosis was minimally enhanced after 14 days of exposure to some chemical treatments at certain concentrations, all treatments displayed significant capacities to down-regulate larval swimming and induce early attachment and metamorphosis. Mortality was recorded throughout the duration of the experiment, and was generally low (<20%) across controls and most treatments for exposures of less than 12 days. Interpretations of specific results from this study are used to elucidate neurophysiological control of larval activities for this abalone species. Comparisons with other marine invertebrates highlight the specificities of chemical cues and endogenous regulatory mechanisms across relatively closely related taxa.  相似文献   

氟苯尼考在三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)疾病模型内的代谢动力学     

赵青松  金珊  陈寅儿  秦方锦  王锡波  王国良 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(3):568-573

为了解健康和疾病条件下药物在三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)体内的代谢差异,在构建三疣梭子蟹溶藻弧菌疾病模型的基础上,按25mg/kg剂量分别给健康和患病三疣梭子蟹单次口灌氟苯尼考后,采用高效液相色谱法测定了其肝胰腺、肌肉和血浆中的药物浓度,药时数据应用3P97药代动力学软件拟合。结果显示:氟苯尼考在健康和患病条件下三疣梭子蟹相同组织中的药时曲线形态相似,三种组织的药时数据均符合带时滞的一级吸收二室开放模型;肝胰腺吸收药物最快,肌肉次之,血浆最慢;与健康组相比,患病蟹肝胰腺、肌肉、血浆三种组织对氟苯尼考的吸收和消除速度明显减慢,达峰时间推迟,半衰期延长,清除率减低,最高药物浓度下降,表观分布容积和药时曲线下总面积变大。说明疾病使氟苯尼考在三疣梭子蟹体内的吸收、分布、代谢和消除均发生了显著变化,建议患病三疣梭子蟹口服氟苯尼考的休药期至少10d。  相似文献   

Comparative mitochondrial genome analysis of Sesarmidae and its phylogenetic implications     

Ying Zhang  Lei Meng  Liming Wei  Bingjian Liu  Liqin Liu  Zhenming Lü  Yang Gao  Li Gong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(8):62-73

Here, we sequenced the complete mitogenome of Parasesarma eumolpe (Brachyura: Grapsoidea: Sesarmidae) for the first time. The characteristics of this newly sequenced mitogenome were described and compared with other Sesarmidae species. The 15 646-bp mitogenome contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and an A-T rich region. All of the PCGs are initiated by the start codon ATN and terminated by the standard TAN codon or an incomplete T. The pairwise Ka/Ks ratio analysis shows that all 13 PCGs are under purifying selection, whereas the ATP8 gene is an outlier, with pairwise comparison values ranging from neutral selection (0.000) to positive selection (1.039). The gene arrangement of P. eumolpe compared with ancestral Decapoda shows the translocation of two tRNAs (tRNA-His and tRNA-Gln), which is identical to other Sesarmidae species. Phylogenetic analyses show that all Sesarmidae species are placed into one group, and the polyphyly of Eriphioidea, Ocypodoidea, and Grapsoidea is well supported. The relationship between gaps in the QIM region and the phylogeny of Sesarmidae is analyzed. It is obvious that both the G5 (the gap between Q and I) and G6 (the gap between I and M) decrease progressively with the evolution process. These results will help to better understand the genomic evolution within Sesarmidae and provide insights into the phylogeny of Brachyura.  相似文献   

User fees and the permeability of public space at municipal pools and bathhouses in New York City, 1870 – present     

Naomi Adiv  Laura Wolf-Powers 《Urban geography》2013,34(8):1071-1096

This paper examines fees for access to New York City’s public swimming and bathing spaces from 1870 to the present. We argue that, beyond generating revenue and rationing space, charges for admission to public bathing spaces have served to condition how permeable those spaces were to various groups of potential users. Municipal actors involved in administering baths and pools have used fees to maintain and order these spaces; to distinguish between deserving and undeserving users; and to include and exclude participants in an ostensibly universal public. Over time, fees have been naturalized, erasing these motivations and giving cause to their outcomes. We problematize the fee in order to address both theoretical questions about the nature of public space and practical ones about how municipal administrators govern amidst competing pressures to serve, develop and regulate urban residents and their communities.  相似文献   

A survey of trace element distribution in tissues of stone crabs (Menippe mercenaria) from South Carolina coastal waters     

Reed LA  Pennington PL  Wirth E 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(12):2297-2302

The stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) is an important component of the estuarine food web as both predator and prey. Stone crabs live in sediment, primarily consume oysters, and as a result, have the potential to accumulate significant quantities of pollutants including metals. In South Carolina, the stone crab is becoming a targeted fishery as an ecologically sustainable seafood choice. To date, no studies have reported metals in stone crab tissues. This study examined the distribution of major and minor trace elements in chelae and body muscle, gill, and hepatopancreas. Crabs were collected from three tidal areas within Charleston County, South Carolina, with differing upland use. Results were compared by collection location and by tissue type. Concentrations of some metals associated with anthropogenic activities were up to three times higher in crabs from sites adjacent to more urbanized areas. Concentrations in edible tissues were below historical FDA levels of concern.  相似文献   

Water quality, nutrient budget, and pollutant loads in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) farms around East Taihu Lake   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

�̴���  ��Т��  �ƺ���  ����Ӯ  ҶԪ��  ʩ�½� 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(1):29-36

To understand the factors causing frequent outbreaks of harmful algae blooms in the Taihu Lake, China, we studied water quality and nutrient budget in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) farm ponds in the eastern part of the lake from November 2007 to December 2009. We estimated the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) loads. Materials input and output ponds, water exchange, and applied management practices of 838.5-hm2 crab ponds were surveyed using questionnaires. Water quality of 12 ponds, which were located no more than 2 km from East Taihu Lake, were monitored. The results show that water quality in the crab ponds was better than reference data. Feeds, including corn seed, commercial feed, trash fish, and gastropod, were the major sources of N and P input in the crab ponds, contributing 88.7% and 94.9%, respectively. In total, 60.5% of N and 37.3% of P were sequestered by macrophytes, and only 15.7% and 8.5% of them were discharged as effluent. The net loads of N and P in effluent were 16.43 kg/hm2/cycle and 2.16 kg/hm2/cycle, respectively, while the COD load was -17.88 kg/hm2/cycle. This indicated that crab farming caused minor negative impact on the trophic status of the lake area, which was attenuated by macrophytes. However, wastewater purification is still necessary in crab faming.  相似文献   

“底充式增氧”技术对梭子蟹养殖池塘水质环境及浮游植物群落结构的影响     

傅彩萍  郑忠明  金忠文  郝锵  陆开宏 《海洋学研究》2012,30(1):74-81

于2009年6-9月在浙江省宁海县三门湾海域养殖场,选取2口水文环境相似的梭子蟹Portunus trituberculatus养殖池塘,分别采用“底充式增氧”(实验塘)和传统水车式增氧(对照塘)方式,比较研究了池塘水质环境及其浮游植物群落结构的变化.结果显示:(1)实验塘水质的溶解氧和氨氮指标均优于对照塘,其中实验塘...  相似文献   

Uca marionis Mud Volcanoes: A Unique Ichnological Tool from the Bay of Bengal Coast of India for Ready Assessment of Beach Stability     

Chirananda De 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(2):79-95

Formation of burrow-head mud volcanoes by the mud-loving amphibious crab Uca marionis (Alcock) selectively on the either sides of estuary mouths along the Bay of Bengal coast, eastern India, requires peculiar substratal and biological conditions where soft muddy bottom sediments of the coastal mudflats are covered by a thin blanket of relatively rigid beach sands that provide a false substrate stability. Shallow-seated mud layers, being within the substrate penetration power, allow opportunistic burrowing by the crab and consequent oozing out of internal mud slur to form conical heaps of mud resembling volcanic cones. Removal of this thin sand cover prompts very fast erosion of the bottom mud and consequent widening of the estuary mouth and rapid beach erosion. A thick and rigid sand cover restricts deeper burrowing by the crabs.

Uca marionis mud volcanoes, by virtue of limited power of vertical penetration down to required muddy substrate and requirement of special substrate conditions and geomorphic position along the coastal zone, are considered as unique ichnological tools that readily identify and precisely demarcate highly unstable or erosion-prone beach sectors, and thus help in planning, protection and execution of various coastal developmental programs. Wide zoogeographic distribution of Uca in tropical-subtropical sea coasts greatly enhances the application potential of this new ichnological tool. Fossilized biogenic mud volcanoes in post-Jurassic geologic records would ease taxonomic identification of the ancient trace producers and coastal marine palaeogeomorphic interpretations.  相似文献   

Estimate of biological production in some stream invertebrates     

C. L. Hopkins 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):629-640

Annual production of invertebrates was investigated in two streams, the Hinau and Horokiwi, in the North Island of New Zealand. Estimates were based on the instantaneous growth rate method, with adjustments made according to the number of generations produced per year. Production of primary consumers (herbivores and detritus feeders) was 7.6–72.1 g.m^‐2.y^‐1, and of secondary consumers (predators) 0.8–11.9 g.m^‐3.y^‐1. In both streams the lowest production was found in tree‐shaded situations. Production: biomass ratios ranged from 5.3 to 7.9 for primary consumers, and from 3.7 to 6.5 for secondary consumers. These ratios fall within the range of results found by workers in other countries. Fish in the two streams studied feed mainly on the primary consumers and so may be competing for food with invertebrate secondary consumers.  相似文献   

东海鲐鱼(Scomber japonicus)仔幼鱼游泳行为对输运和补充量的影响     

李曰嵩  潘灵芝  陈新军  费岳军 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(2):318-325

采用物理环境因子,确定鲐鱼仔幼鱼运动和物理环境之间的响应关系,建立起了基于个体具有游泳行为的鲐鱼早期生长史模型。结果表明,具有游泳行为仔幼鱼前期对输运分布的影响不大,后期随着游泳能力的增强,逐渐在温盐梯度较大锋面,靠近暖水的一侧进行集群和滞留,并使向东北输运速度降低,输运到太平洋和日本海的幼鱼数量下降,所处水深降低,适应生长发育,死亡率降低。产卵场位置的变动使偏西产卵的集群受台湾暖流影响较大,导致集群偏西,主要聚集在偏北的台湾暖流水和长江冲淡水交汇区高温、高盐一侧。偏东产卵受黑潮影响较大,集群偏东,不形成大量聚集和滞留;在生存率方面正常产卵位置是最佳产卵位置。研究认为,物理环境和生物因素同样会对具有游泳行为仔幼鱼的输运和补充产生影响。  相似文献