On the relationship between historical land‐use change and water availability: the case of the lower Tarim River region in northwestern China     

T. Liu  H. Fang  P. Willems  A. M. Bao  X. Chen  F. Veroustraete  Q. H. Dong 《水文研究》2013,27(2):251-261

Natural ecosystems in the region of the lower Tarim River in northwestern China strongly deteriorated since the 1950s due to an expanding desertification. As a result, the downstream Tarim River reaches became permanently dry land. This historical evolution in land‐use change is typically the result of the anthropogenic impact on natural ecosystems. On the basis of a spatially distributed hydrological catchment model bidirectionally linked with a fully hydrodynamic MIKE11 river model, land‐use changes characterized by historical changes in leaf area index (LAI) of vegetation, as well as the evolution of irrigated surface areas, can be causally related to changes in water resources (groundwater storage and surface water resources). An increased surface area of irrigated (agricultural) land, together with a majority of inefficient irrigation methods, did lead to a strong increase of water resources consumption of the farmlands located in the upper Tarim River area. Evidently, this evolution influenced available water resources downstream in the Tarim basin. As a result, farmland has been gradually relocated to the upstream regions. This has led to reduced flows from the upper Tarim stream, which subsequently accelerated the dropping of the groundwater level downstream in the basin. This study moreover demonstrates that land surface biomass changes (cumulative LAI) along the lower Tarim River are strongly related to the changes in groundwater storage. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于ArcGIS平台与质检软件的地理国情普查快速质量控制方法     

宋旭东 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(4):91-94

"信息化质检平台IGCES"及"地理国情普查成果质检软件"是某省地理国情普查采用的主要人机交互质量控制软件。该类软件使用复杂,某些检查项耗时长,难以满足快速化质检的要求,本文结合地理国情普查具体实施要求,提出"人工详查、基于ArcGIS 10.1平台与质检软件概查"的快速质检方法,为国家战略规划制定、空间规划管理、区域政策制定、灾害预警、科学研究等领域的地理国情监测提供有力的数据保障。  相似文献   

关于制作像控电子点之记方法与流程的探讨     

何云贵  茅琦  王智峰 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(9)

主要介绍电子点之记的制作流程及方法,以及所涉及的一些计算机软件和工序中可以自动化处理的程序,对于实现难点也进行了分析及说明,使像片控制测量点之记制作的流程更为简便,成果更为可靠。  相似文献   

农村集体土地确权测量中的塔尖交会技术研究     

张太鹏 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(9):192-194

简要介绍了农村集体土地确权测量中的塔尖交会技术,生成平差文件的方法,以及平差计算的理论模型,最后给出了平差实例,极大地提高了作业效率,达到了满意的效果。  相似文献   

GPS精密卫星钟差估计研究     

孟范伟 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(9):77-79

随着精密单点定位技术的发展,对于精确的卫星坐标以及卫星钟差改正精度的要求越来越高,精密卫星星历以及精密卫星钟差的求解成为制约精密单点定位技术发展的瓶颈。本文基于修复周跳的载波相位观测值与相位平滑伪距观测值,采用无电离层延迟星间单差精密卫星钟差估计模型,在先估计出整周模糊度后,进行了精密卫星钟差的估计,并采用与IGS事后精密钟差作二次差的方法进行精度分析,这对于提高精密单点定位精度具有一定的意义。  相似文献   

高分二号卫星影像融合方法探析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

熊德峰 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(9)

图像融合技术是卫星影像处理过程中的一个重要步骤,它可以将全色影像的高空间分辨率特点与多光谱影像的高光谱分辨率特点有机地结合起来,使得融合后的影像更利于后续解译。由于融合处理方法的原理以及获取影像的传感器特性不同,不同的卫星影像适合于不同的融合方法。针对高分二号卫星影像的特点,本文采用Gram-Schmidt融合法、FIHS变换方法、HPF方法、Pansharp方法进行试验。实验结果表明:HPF方法所得融合结果在光谱特性保持方法性能最优,而Pansharp方法融合结果在信息量的保持以及清晰度方面效果更优,因此,在实际应用中,应根据具体需求进行方法选择。  相似文献   

基于线要素动态化简的匹配算法比较与评价     

陈竞男  钱海忠  王骁  何海威  胡慧明 《测绘科学技术学报》2016,(1)

矢量线要素数据来源多样,细节层次不一,限制了已有匹配算法正确率的提高,同时也给算法评价带来困难。化简可以减少线要素细节层次,提取其主要形态,据此提出一种基于线要素动态化简的匹配算法评价新方法。对不同匹配算法采用相同数据,在相同化简算法支撑下进行匹配,从而实现对不同匹配算法的评价。首先,阐述动态化简方法提取线要素主要形态的过程;其次,利用动态化简分别辅助4种已有匹配算法,获取每个匹配算法的最优匹配正确率;最后,将4种匹配算法的原始匹配结果与加入动态化简后的匹配结果进行对比,分析化简对匹配结果的影响,并把该影响运用到匹配算法的比较和评价中来。其中,1通过匹配正确率变化、误匹配等分析了匹配算法的数据适用性;2通过化简比例系数K变化时新增匹配数量的统计,评价了匹配算法对线要素局部细节的敏感程度并提出该指标的量化方法;3结合匹配算法采用的匹配相似度指标对其作出评价。  相似文献   

Rights in places: An analytical extension of the right to the city     

《Geoforum》2016

Following recent scholarship on place and place-making, we identify key challenges for contemporary empirical research using the “Right to the City” as an analytic. We seek to distinguish between the aspirational “right” articulated as a political and conceptual call to arms on one hand, and the “actually existing rights” that are carved out through both formal and informal mechanisms (including political protest) in the everyday city on the other. Actually existing rights are defined not through fiat or via momentary revolutionary acts, but through the durability of relationships between multiple actors, including residents, citizens, states, and corporate agents. We re-articulate urban rights as actually contingent and agonistic properties of the relationships that citizens have with places. This paper uses the historic conflict over community gardens in New York as an illustration of how thinking of rights regimes as multiple, overlapping, and placed helps better illuminate potential political interventions. Thinking of rights and places as plural, overlapping, and contingent is analytically productive because it highlights (rather than overwriting) conflicts between competing articulations of rights and privileges in cities.  相似文献   

Fairtrade bananas in the Caribbean: Towards a moral economy of recognition     

《Geoforum》2016

Working through a Caribbean case study, this paper examines the networks and associations of Fair Trade bananas as they move both materially and morally from farms in St Vincent and the Grenadines to supermarkets and households in the United Kingdom. In doing so, the paper provides grounded empirical evidence of Fair Trade’s moral economy as experienced by banana producers in the Caribbean. The paper follows Nancy Fraser’s distinction between ways of framing justice to argue that, in order to transcend its complex postcolonial positionalities, the Fair Trade Foundation needs to include recognition in its moral economy as well as representation and redistribution. The paper compares the moral framework of Fair Trade as an ideology and social movement with the lived experience of certified Fairtrade banana farmers in the Windward Islands who work mostly for, rather than within, an idealized moral economy. The paper also contributes to several recent debates in the agri-food literature exploring the interconnections between production and consumption, the role of materiality in contemporary food networks, the historical and (post)colonial nature of food moralities, and links between political and moral economies of food. Following an outline of recent debates about the moral economies of food and its relation to Fair Trade as a movement, the paper dissects the moral economy of the Fairtrade Foundation, highlighting the historical and geographical, material and symbolic, gendered and generational ways that food producers in the Global South (in this case, banana farmers in St Vincent and the Grenadines) may be counterposed to ‘responsible’ consumers in the Global North. Despite the good intentions of those who promote the Fair Trade movement through the Fairtrade Foundation and the Fairtrade Labelling Organisation (FLO), our case study reveals a moral economy of non- (or partial) recognition, which has a range of unintended consequences and paradoxical effects.  相似文献   

Flow processes and sedimentation in unidirectionally migrating deep‐water channels: From a three‐dimensional seismic perspective          下载免费PDF全文

Chenglin Gong  Yingmin Wang  Ronald J. Steel  Jeff Peakall  Xiaoming Zhao  Qiliang Sun 《Sedimentology》2016,63(3):645-661

Three‐dimensional seismic data were used to infer how bottom currents control unidirectional channel migration. Bottom currents flowing towards the steep bank would deflect the upper part of sediment gravity flows at an orientation of 1° to 11° to the steep bank, yielding a helical flow circulation consisting of a faster near‐surface flow towards the steep bank and a slower basal return flow towards the gentle bank. This helical flow model is evidenced by the occurrence of bigger, muddier (suggested by low‐amplitude seismic reflections) lateral accretion deposits and gentle channel wall with downlap terminations on the gentle bank and by smaller, sandier (indicated by high‐amplitude seismic reflectors) channel fills and steep channel walls with truncation terminations on the steep bank. This helical flow circulation promotes asymmetrical depositional patterns with dipping accretion sets restricted to the gentle bank, which restricts the development of sinuosity and yields unidirectional channel migration. These results aid in obtaining a complete picture of flow processes and sedimentation in submarine channels.  相似文献