黄河三角洲造陆速率对夏季风强度变化和人类活动的响应     

许炯心 《海洋学报》2007,29(5):88-94

以夏季风强度指数和年均气温作为反映气候变化的指数,以人类净引水量和流域水土保持面积作为反映人类活动变化的指标,并以黄河流域为例,研究了三角洲造陆对气候变化和人类活动的响应.研究表明,夏季风强度指数的变化可分为三个阶段:(1)在1951~1963年夏季风强度指数呈持续增强的变化趋势;(2)在1963~1965年夏季风强度指数呈突变式减弱;(3)在1966~2000年夏季风强度指数保持在较低的水平上,且呈缓慢减弱的趋势.年降水量变化与夏季风强度指数有同步关系.从1950到1970年的年均温度在波动中略呈降低趋势,然而从1970年开始年均温度在波动中具有持续上升的趋势.气候变化会导致入海泥沙通量的变化,并可能进一步导致三角洲造陆速率的变化.黄河三角洲造陆速率、入海泥沙通量在1952~1964年均呈增大的趋势,1964年后则呈减小的趋势,在总体上与夏季风强度指数的变化趋势相同.除了气候变化以外,流域水土保持和引水对三角洲造陆也有影响.多元回归分析表明,三角洲造陆速率随夏季风强度指数的减弱而减小,随年气温的升高而减小,随梯田林草面积的增加而减小,随年净引水量的增加而减小,同时还表明,夏季风强度指数、年均气温、水土保持措施面积和人类净引水量对三角洲造陆速率变化的贡献率分别为34.94%,3.80%,53.82%和7.44%.表示气候变化的两个变量的贡献率之和为38.7%,说明气候变化对黄河三角洲造陆过程的影响是不容忽视的.  相似文献   

Feature modeling approach to simulating Loop Current Frontal Eddies     

Sergei A. Frolov  Lewis M. Rothstein 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,70(4):533

Loop Current Frontal Eddies (LCFE) in the Gulf of Mexico are simulated with a regional configuration of the Princeton Ocean Model using a feature-oriented initialization technique. The initialization procedure is based on a prior investigation of stability characteristics of the Loop Current (LC). Zonal channel experiments conducted with a multi-layer intermediate equations model allowed to identify conditions necessary for formation and growth of frontal eddies. The simulations were able to reproduce key features of LCFE-topography interaction in the DeSoto Canyon region observed during the “Eddy Intrusion” study.  相似文献   

Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Total Mass Flux around Coral Reefs in the Southern Ryukyus,Japan     

Mohamed?IsmailEmail author  Tadashi?Kimura  Yumiko?Suzuki  Makoto?Tsuchiya 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(3):631-644

Total mass flux, size distribution of sediment particles and some chemical components such as total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) were monitored monthly using a multi-cup sediment traps at seven coral reef sites (6 reef flat and 1 reef slope) of the Marine Protected Areas around Ishigaki, Kohama, Kuroshima and Iriomote Islands in the southern Ryukyus, Japan from September 2000 to September 2001. The size distribution of trapped sediments revealed mostly uni-modal fine sand to mud in the reef flat and gravelly to coarse sand in the reef slope. The total mass flux ranged between 0.54 to 872 gm⁻²d⁻¹, and showed a pronounced seasonality (high in summer-autumn and low in spring) at each site, which was consistent with the rainfall and typhoon regime. Exceptionally high values were observed on the reef slope (Iriomote) in February–March 2001 (1533 gm⁻²d⁻¹) owing to a large amount of bottom sediment re-suspension. On the reef flat (Todoroki South and North; Ishigaki), values obtained in July–August 2001 (872 gm⁻²d⁻¹) and August–September 2001 (800 gm^{− 2}d⁻¹) indicate the high terrestrial discharge from Todoroki River. Trapped sediment particles consist of CaCO₃ (1.2–27.1%) and a non-carbonate fraction (98.8–72.9%), which contains total carbon (4.9–26%), carbonate carbon (CO₂-C) (0.2–3.1%) and non-carbonate carbon (NC-C) (7.9–25.6%). Total nitrogen content was in the range 0.02–0.48%. TN is contained mainly in the carbonate fraction and NC-C may be contained in the non-carbonate fraction. The low TN/OC ratio of the trapped sediments suggests that they were mostly of terrestrial origin and that both fractions migrated. The high total mass flux derived from Todoroki River exceeded the threshold at which a lethal effect on coral community is caused. The results stress the importance of conducting seasonal studies of sedimentation over more than one year and at more than one location in south Japan coral reef ecosystems to gain an understanding of the processes controlling the total mass fluxes and their nutrients content, also to develop an awareness of how to prevent the damage of coral reef ecosystems and, if it does occur, to allow mitigation measures to be undertaken.  相似文献   

Influence of Current Width Variation on the Annual Mean Transport of the East Sakhalin Current: A Simple Model     

Yoichi?ShimadaEmail author  Atsushi?Kubokawa  Kay?I.?Ohshima 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(5):913-920

Recent observations suggest that the annual mean southward transport of the East Sakhalin Current (ESC) is significantly larger than the annual mean Sverdrup transport. Motivated by this observational result, transport of a western boundary current has been investigated using a simple numerical model with a western slope. This transport is defined as the instantaneous barotropic transport integrated from the western boundary to the offshore point where the barotropic velocity vanishes. The model, forced by seasonally varying wind stress, exhibits an annual mean of the western boundary current transport that is larger than that of the Sverdrup transport, as observed. The southward transport from October to March in the model nearly equals the instantaneous Sverdrup transport, while the southward transport from April to September decreases slowly. Although the Sverdrup transport in July vanishes, the southward transport in summer nearly maintains the annual mean Sverdrup transport, because the barotropic Rossby wave cannot intrude on the western slope. This summer transport causes the larger annual mean. Although there are some uncertainties in the estimation of the Sverdrup transport in the Sea of Okhotsk, the seasonal variation of the southward transport in the model is qualitatively similar to the observations.  相似文献   

厦门港潮汐水流及浑水悬沙整体模型设计     

徐啸 《台湾海峡》1995,(2)

厦门港潮汐水流及浑水悬沙整体物理模型于1989年建成后，已进行了不少有意义的试验研究工作，取得较好效果。本文主要介绍模型的设计思想、相似准则、浑水悬沙相似理论的探讨、模型设计方法以及模型沙的选择等。  相似文献   

艾比湖地区冰消期以来气候演化的植物学证据     

李国胜 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1996,16(2):93-102

本文根据植物生态学分析方法，通过对艾比湖ＺＫｏｏＢ孔中孢粉组合及植被生态的定量分析，阐述了北疆内陆干旱区冰消期以来的气候演化状况。孢粉组合特征及其植被生态的定量分析研究表明，受大气降水以及大气和土壤中相对湿度波动变化的影响，艾比湖地区的生态环境特征在最近１５０００ａ中至少经历了１０次比较明显的波动变化，并且与全球气候变化过程基本符合，表明中国西部干旱半干旱地区晚更新世以的气候环境演化过程是在全球变  相似文献   

安徽宣城地区中晚更新世风成堆积与环境变迁   总被引：25，自引：7，他引：25  

杨达源  房迎三 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1991,11(2):97-104

通过对宣城向阳中晚更新世沉积剖面的综合研究,认为该剖面与中国北方同时代的黄土—古土壤剖面相比较,虽然长江下游以南地区中晚更新世多个冰期中风成堆积的单层厚度与累积厚度,亦即风成物质的沉积通量与沉积速率均比北方黄土区要小,但它们所反映的气候与环境的变化具有明显的可比性。  相似文献   

南海北部及广东沿海新生代火山活动   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

孙嘉诗 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1991,11(3):45-66,T006

调查区新生代火山活动十分活跃。岩性以基性为主,少数属超基性Sr~(87/86)初始值最高0.706189,最低0.703178,陆区和海盆新生代火山岩均来自地幔。 K-Ar年龄最老62.86百万年,最新0.43百万年。从老至新可划分为8个活动期,分别为古新世早期、始新世早期、渐新世末期、中新世中期、中新世晚期、早更新世早期、早更新世晚期和中更新世中期。 海盆与陆区火山活动在岩性、同位素特征、活动时期、喷发方式以及岩浆来源等方面都十分相似,二者属统一的新生代火山岩区。  相似文献   

中国对虾摄食行为的化学感觉生理学研究──Ⅲ.中国对虾幼体及早期仔虾的摄食行为及化学感觉     

陈楠生 《海洋科学》1996,20(2):61-67

报道了中国对虾幼体及早期仔虾（ １）对轮虫（活体、死体）和卤虫无节幼体 （活体、死体）的摄食过程及摄食率；（２）对悬浮砂粒的摄食情况；（３）摄食水流的产 生机制、方向及模式；（４）对食物的化学敏感性。结果表明，中国对虾幼体及早期仔 虾化学感觉机能不明显。摄食附肢的协调运动产生摄食水流。摄食水流一方面将 食物带到口器附近，另一方面能促进对虾对食物的机械感受。摄食水流的方向还可 以逆转。幼体及早期仔虾对食物的选择主要依据其大小、形状和运动性，而与食物 的化学组成（味道）关系不大。此阶段的对虾采取了悬浮摄食模式，且主动和被动两 种模式并存。本研究还表明，将幼体和早期仔虾的食性简单地区分为草食或肉食性 值得商榷。  相似文献   

Relationship between biogeochemical features of biogenic elements and flocculation in the Changjiang Estuary   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

Lin Yi''an  Tang Renyou  Li Yan  Dong Henglin  Guan Xuwei  Chen Yinzu 《海洋学报(英文版)》1995,14(2):225-234

ＲｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｂｉｏｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｂｉｏｇｅｎｉｃｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄｆｌｏｃｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＣｈａｎｇｊｉａｎｇＥｓｔｕａｒｙ￥ＬｉｎＹｉ＇ａｎ；ＴａｎｇＲｅｎｙｏｕ；ＬｉＹａｎ；Ｄｏ...  相似文献