土层分层厚度对设计地震动参数的影响     

赵晓辉 《防灾减灾学报》2013,(3):1-4

对同一场地改变土层分层厚度分别建立四种土层反应分析计算模型,输入人工合成的基岩地震波,分别进行土层地震反应分析计算,得到相应的地表加速度峰值和反应谱。对计算得到的结果进行分析比较,最终得出分层厚度对地震动参数的影响。  相似文献   

Sea ice thickness measurement in spring season in Bothnian Bay using an electromagnetic induction instrument     

郭井学  孙波 《极地研究(英文版)》2007,18(1):36-46

As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m.  相似文献   

淮南舜耕山奥陶系古岩溶发育特征及古地貌恢复??     

杨婷婷  许光泉  张著  李浩  章晋升  贺彪 《地质论评》2024,(1):2024010024-2024010024

研究古岩溶发育特征及古地貌恢复对于华北煤田岩溶水害防治具有重要指导意义。以华北板块南缘淮南舜耕山奥陶系古岩溶为对象，采用野外地质踏勘、分段剖面测量以及残余厚度法等工作方法，揭露了古岩溶发育特征和恢复基岩面剖面起伏形态，并结合现代岩溶理论，从形成条件的角度剖析不同岩溶带的空间变化规律。本文认为马家沟组主要发育大型岩溶缝洞，内部充填物少，而萧县组沿层面发育层间岩溶，充填岩溶角砾，且内部充填方解石由东向西逐渐增多。舜耕山奥陶系古岩溶发育程度自东向西、自上至下逐步减弱。该地区奥陶系古地貌呈东高西低，可划分为残丘、缓坡、陡坡和洼地等4个三级岩溶地貌单元。通过对古岩溶地质条件、古水流径流方式以及古岩溶发育特征等因素的考察与分析，古岩溶地貌从上至下可分为表层岩溶带、垂向渗流带、水平潜流带和深部缓流带。其中，残丘和缓坡的表层岩溶带和垂向渗流带岩溶最为发育，在沉积层面间常发育成大型岩溶缝洞，且在地下水流发生改变时，易形成岩溶塌陷。  相似文献   

First‐year sea ice spring melt transitions in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from time‐series synthetic aperture radar data, 1992–2002     

J. J. Yackel  D. G. Barber  T. N. Papakyriakou  C. Breneman 《水文研究》2007,21(2):253-265

This paper synthesizes 10‐years' worth of interannual time‐series space‐borne ERS‐1 and RADARSAT‐1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collected coincident with daily measurement of snow‐covered, land‐fast first‐year sea ice (FYI) geophysical and surface radiation data collected from the Seasonal Sea Ice Monitoring and Modeling Site, Collaborative‐Interdisciplinary Cryospheric Experiment and 1998 North Water Polynya study over the period 1992 to 2002. The objectives are to investigate the seasonal co‐relationship of the SAR time‐series dataset with selected surface mass (bulk snow thickness) and climate state variables (surface temperature and albedo) measured in situ for the purpose of measuring the interannual variability of sea ice spring melt transitions and validating a time‐series SAR methodology for sea ice surface mass and climate state parameter estimation. We begin with a review of the salient processes required for our interpretation of time‐series microwave backscatter from land‐fast FYI. Our results suggest that time‐series SAR data can reliably measure the timing and duration of surface albedo transitions at daily to weekly time‐scales and at a spatial scales that are on the order of hundreds of metres. Snow thickness on FYI immediately prior to melt onset explains a statistically significant portion of the variability in timing of SAR‐detected melt onset to pond onset for SAR time‐series that are made up of more than 25 images. Our results also show that the funicular regime of snowmelt, resolved in time‐series SAR data at a temporal resolution of approximately 2·5 images per week, is not detectable for snow covers less than 25 cm in thickness. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Determination of ice thickness, subice topography and ice vol-ume at Glacier No. 1 in Tien Shan, China by ground penetrating radar   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙波  张鹏  焦克勤  邓新生  温家洪 《极地研究(英文版)》2003,14(2)

We describe a radio-echo sounding (RES) survey for the determination of ice thickness, subglacial topography and ice volume of Glacier No. 1 , in Tien Shan, China, using ground-penetrating radar (GPR). Radar data were collected with 100-MHz antennas that were spaced at 4 m with a step size of 8 m. The images produced from radar survey clearly show the continuity of bedrock echoes and the undulation features of the bedrock surface. Radar results show that the maximum ice thickness of Glacier No. 1 is 133 m, the thickness of the east branch of Glacier No. 1 averages at 58. 77 m while that of the west branch of Glacier No. 1 averages at 44. 84 m. Calculation on ice volume indicates that the ice volume of the east branch of Glacier No. 1 is 51. 87 × 106 m3 and that of the west branch of Glacier No. 1 is 20. 21 × 106 m3. The amplitude of the undulation of the bedrock surface topography revealed by radar profiles is larger than that of the glacier surface topography, indicating that the surface relief does  相似文献   

The influence of sediment thickness on energy delivery to the bed by bedload impacts     

Jens M. Turowski  Jean-Pierre Bloem 《Geodinamica Acta》2016,28(3):199-208

Fluvial bedrock erosion rates due to impacting sediment particles are thought to be proportional to the energy delivered to the bedrock. When sediment particles cover the bed, they reduce the energy transmitted to the bed by an impacting particle. We measured the decline of energy transferred through sediment cover of increasing thickness in laboratory experiments. The energy arriving at the bed is a function both of the cover thickness and the grain size of the covering sediment. Using a simple stochastic model of cover distribution, the experimental results were upscaled to the reach scale. Although cover thickness influences energy delivery heavily at a given point, when averaging over the whole bed, cover-free areas dominate total energy delivery, making partial energy transfer through the cover negligible when a small or intermediate fraction of the bed is covered by sediment. Partial energy delivery through the bed cover is not negligible when a large fraction or the complete bed is already covered, but in this situation, an erosion threshold may become important. On grounds of the presented data, we expect that the areal distribution of sediment in a bedrock channel dominates total energy delivery and that partial energy delivery to the bed through a sediment layer can be neglected for most modelling purposes.  相似文献   

Statistics of cloud heights over the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding region derived from CloudSat data     

ShengJie Wang  WenYing He  HongBin Chen  JianChun Bian  ZhenHui Wang 《寒旱区科学》2016,8(1):72-81

Cloud-radiation interaction has a large impact on the Earth's weather and climate change, and clouds with different heights cause different radiative forcing. Thus, the information on the statistics of cloud height and its variation in space and time is very important to global climate change studies. In this paper, cloud top height (CTH), cloud base height (CBH) and cloud thickness over regions of the Tibetan Plateau, south slope of the plateau and South Asian Monsoon are analyzed based on CloudSat data during the period from June 2006 to December 2007. The results show that frequency of CTH and CBH in unit area over the studied regions have certain temporal-spatial continuity. The CTH and CBH of different cloud types have different variation scopes, and their seasonal variations are distinct. Cloud thickness is large (small) in summer (winter), and the percentages of different cloud types also have certain regularity.  相似文献   

成都市混合层厚度的计算及方法对比   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周燕秋  倪长健  刘培川 《成都信息工程学院学报》2015,30(1):102-105

为揭示近年来成都市混合层厚度的变化特征,明晰不同混合层厚度计算方法之间的差异,利用成都市2004~2013年地面常规气象数据及同期探空数据,应用国标法、联合频率法以及干绝热法对该地大气混合层厚度进行计算分析。结果表明:国标法和联合频率法计算得到的混合层厚度年变化特征均呈下降趋势,干绝热法变化趋势平缓;国标法结果显示混合层厚度在夏季最高、冬季最低,联合频率法和干绝热法则是春季最高、秋冬季最低;就日变化而言,国标法的混合层厚度在14时最大、02时最小,此与联合频率法08时混合层厚度值最小不同。3种方法对比得到,国标法计算结果偏低,干绝热法和联合频率法计算精度较高。  相似文献   

成都市混合层厚度的计算及方法对比     

周燕秋  倪长健  刘培川 《成都信息工程学院学报》2015,30(2)

为揭示近年来成都市混合层厚度的变化特征,明晰不同混合层厚度计算方法之间的差异,利用成都市2004～2013年地面常规气象数据及同期探空数据,应用国标法、联合频率法以及干绝热法对该地大气混合层厚度进行计算分析.结果表明:国标法和联合频率法计算得到的混合层厚度年变化特征均呈下降趋势,干绝热法变化趋势平缓;国标法结果显示混合层厚度在夏季最高、冬季最低,联合频率法和干绝热法则是春季最高、秋冬季最低;就日变化而言,国标法的混合层厚度在14时最大、02时最小,此与联合频率法08时混合层厚度值最小不同.3种方法对比得到,国标法计算结果偏低,干绝热法和联合频率法计算精度较高.  相似文献   

北冰洋Gakkel洋中脊的地幔熔融控制因素及非岩浆地壳增生   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张涛  高金耀  陈美  杨春国  沈中延  周志远  吴招才  孙运凡 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(6):42-48

Spreading rate is a primary factor of mantle melting and tectonic behavior of the global mid-ocean ridges. The spreading rate of the Gakkel ridge decreases gradually from west to east. However, the Gakkel ridge can be divided into four thick-and-thin zones with varying crustal thicknesses along ridge axis. This phenomenon indicates that mantle melting of the Gakkel ridge is not a simple function of spreading rate. Mantle temperature, water content,mantle composition, and other factors are important in crustal accretion processes. Based on gravity-derived crustal thickness and wet melting model, we estimate that the mantle potential temperatures of the four zones are1 270, 1 220, 1 280, and 1 280°C(assuming that mantle water content equals to global average value), with corresponding mantle water contents of 210, 0, 340, and 280 mg/kg(assuming that mantle potential temperature is 1 260°C), respectivly. The western thinned crust zone is best modeled with low mantle temperature, whereas the other zones are mainly controlled by the enhanced conduction caused by the slower spreading rate. Along the Gakkel ridge, the crustal thickness is consistent with rock samples types. Predominated serpentinized peridotite and basalt are found in the area with crustal thickness 1.5 km and 2.5 km, respectively. The rock samples are including from basalt to peridotite in the area with crustal thickness between 1.5 and 2.5 km. Based on this consistency, the traditional magmatic accretion zone accounted for only 44% and amagmatic accretion accounted for 29% of the Gakkel ridge. The amagmatic accretion is a significant characteristic of the ultra-slow spreading ridge.  相似文献