Kirchhoff-Helmholtz积分方法计算远震转换波     

李红光  吴庆举  李伟华 《地震地磁观测与研究》2008,29(1):20-26

Kirchhoff-Helmholtz积分方法推广到远震转换波的合成地震图的计算,其优点是,能够计算复杂界面的地震波。通过与反射率法及动力学射线追踪的对比,表明KH积分方法能很好地模拟远震转换波震相,且精度较高。KH积分方法能够计算任意复杂界面的地震波,是一种研究地壳上地幔结构的有效方法。  相似文献   

Tides and mixing in the northwestern East China Sea Part I: Rotating and reversing tidal flows     

Iossif Lozovatsky  Zhiyu Liu  Hao Wei  H.J.S. Fernando 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

Bottom-mounted ADV and ADCP instruments in combination with CTD profiling measurements taken along the Chinese coast of the East China Sea were used to study the vertical structure of temperature, salinity, and velocity in reversing tidal currents on a shallow inner shelf and in rotating tidal flows over a deeper sloping bottom of the outer shelf. These two regimes of barotropic tide affect small-scale dynamics in the lower part of the water column differently. The reversing flow was superimposed by seiches of ∼2.3 h period generated in semienclosed Jiaozhou Bay located nearby. As the tidal vector rotates over the sloping bottom, the height of the near-bottom logarithmic layer is subjected to tidal-induced variations. A maximum of horizontal velocity U_max appears at the upper boundary of the log layer during the first half of the current vector rotation from the minor to the major axis of tidal ellipse. In rotating tidal flow, vertical shear generated at the seafloor, propagated slowly to the water interior up to the height of U_max, with a phase speed of ∼5 m/h. The time-shifted shear inside the water column, relative to the shear at the bottom, was associated with periodically changing increases and decreases of the tidal velocity above the log layer toward the sea surface. In reversing flows, the shear generated near the bottom and the shear at the upper levels were almost in phase.  相似文献   

Long-term evolution of sand waves in the Marsdiep inlet. II: Relation to hydrodynamics     

Maarten C. Buijsman  Herman Ridderinkhof 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

A discussion is presented about the mechanisms that govern the spatial and seasonal variability in sand-wave height and migration speed in the 4 km wide Marsdiep tidal inlet, the Netherlands. Since 1998, current velocities and water depths have been recorded with an ADCP that is mounted under the ferry ‘Schulpengat’. In this paper, the current measurements were used to explain the sand-wave observations presented in Buijsman and Ridderinkhof [this issue. Long-term evolution of sand waves in the Marsdiep inlet. I: high-resolution observations. Continental Shelf Research, doi:10.1016/j.csr.2007.10.011]. Across nearly the entire inlet, the sand waves migrate in the flood direction. In the flood-dominated southern part of the inlet, the ‘measured’ (i.e. based on sand-wave shape and migration speed) and predicted bedload transport agree in direction, magnitude, and trends, whereas in the ebb-dominated northern part the predicted bedload and suspended load transport is opposite to the sand-wave migration. In the southern part, 55% of the bedload transport is due to tidal asymmetries and 45% due to residual currents. In addition to the well-known tidal asymmetries, asymmetries that arise from the interaction of _M2${\mathrm{M}}_2$ and its overtides with _S2${\mathrm{S}}_2$ and its compound tides are also important. It is hypothesised that in the northern part of the inlet the advection of suspended sand and lag effects govern the sand-wave migration. The relative importance of suspended load transport also explains why the sand waves have smaller lee-slope angles, are smaller, more rounded, and more three-dimensional in the northern half of the inlet. The sand waves in this part of the inlet feature the largest seasonal variability in height and migration speed. This seasonal variability may be attributed to the tides or a seasonal fluctuation in fall velocity. In both cases sediment transport is enhanced in winter, increasing sand-wave migration and decreasing sand-wave height. The influence of storms and estuarine circulation on the sand-wave variability is negligible.  相似文献   

新疆地震活动区的地磁观测与研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

顾左文  高金田  陈斌  袁洁浩 《地球物理学进展》2008,23(3):652-661

新疆地区是中国最活跃的地震区之一.为了监测新疆地区潜在的强烈地震,2003年在该地区建立了N和S两个地磁测网并进行了地磁三分量测量.在N和S两个测网所选建的51个测点周围环境良好,地磁梯度小,适宜地磁测量.在野外测量中,使用性能稳定可靠的G-856磁力仪、DI磁力仪与GPS仪器,应用GPS测定方位角,DI磁力仪测量地磁偏角D与倾角I,G-856磁力仪测量总强度F.应用新疆地区乌鲁木齐与喀什地磁台站的资料,分别通化了N和S两个测网的地磁测量资料.该地磁通化值的平均标准偏差σ为:F的σf=0.20 nT;D的σd=0.06′;I的σI=0.03′,表明地磁测量资料准确可靠.根据上述地磁测量资料,应用精度高的spline方法,得到了N与S测网地磁场及其异常场的分布.结果表明,该地磁场及其异常场的分布,可以准确地描述N与S测网的地磁场及其地磁异常场.该地磁分布为今后在新疆地区的震磁研究与地震监测提供了良好的地磁参考场.  相似文献   

基于MEMS传感器的月震计安装水平和定向方案的研究          下载免费PDF全文

胡星星  滕云田  周鹤鸣  朱荣  刘高川 《地球物理学进展》2008,23(5):1487-1493

中国月震计宜于采用MEMS加速度计作为拾震传感器,以满足对重量、体积、功耗和可靠性等方面的要求.在无人登月探测中,为免使月震计的投放装置过于复杂,也为减小月震计系统的重量、体积和功耗,以及增加系统工作的稳定性和可靠性,不给月震计增加机械的水平和定向调节装置,本文根据机器人理论,通过旋转变换,论证了可以从倾斜、非定向安装的月震计观测到的月震波得到以月球北极为参考方向的水平坐标系的观测,并从实验上作了部分验证,从而为这一难题的解决找到一条可行的探索途径.  相似文献   

探地雷达时域多分辨法(MRTD)三维正演模拟   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

冯德山  戴前伟 《地球物理学进展》2008,23(5):1621-1625

应用小波伽略金方法,对Maxwell方程进行离散化,导出了DB2-MRTD算法的探地雷达3D差分公式、数值稳定性条件.在此基础上,开发了探地雷达MRTD(multi-resolution time domain)法正演模拟程序,该程序极大地提高了运算速度,改善了三维探地雷达正演方法,并利用该自制程序,对三角形金属体模型进行了正演模拟,得到了其相应的正演合成三维剖视图及切片图,通过对这些模拟结果进行分析,可以加深对三维雷达反射特征的认识,提高探地雷达探测的可靠性、准确度,同时也说明时域多分辨率法在探地雷达三维正演模拟中的有效性.  相似文献   

Statistical model on the surface elevation of waves with breaking     

YeLi Yuan  Feng Hua  ShuWen Zhang  Lei Han 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(5):759-768

In the surface wind drift layer with constant momentum flux, two sets of the consistent surface eleva- tion expressions with breaking and occurrence conditions for breaking are deduced from the first in- tegrals of the energy and vortex variations and the kinetic and mathematic breaking criterions, then the expression of the surface elevation with wave breaking is established by using the Heaviside function. On the basis of the form of the sea surface elevation with wave breaking and the understanding of small slope sea waves, a triple composite function of real sea waves is presented including the func- tions for the breaking, weak-nonlinear and basic waves. The expression of the triple composite func- tion and the normal distribution of basic waves are the expected theoretical model for surface elevation statistics.  相似文献   

Airside velocity measurements over the wind-sheared water surface using particle image velocimetry     

Nasiruddin Shaikh  Kamran Siddiqui 《Ocean Dynamics》2008,58(1):65-79

An experimental investigation of the airflow structure in the near surface region over the wind-sheared air–water interface is reported. The two-dimensional velocity fields in a plane perpendicular to the water surface were measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique over a wind speed range from 1.5 to 4.4 m s⁻¹. The results show a reduction in the mean velocity magnitudes and the tangential stresses when gravity waves appear on the surface. An enhanced vorticity layer was observed immediately above the water surface that extended to a height of approximately 2 cm. The vorticity was enhanced by an order of magnitude, and the energy dissipation rate was enhanced by a factor of 7 in this layer at all wind speeds. The vertical profiles of Reynolds stress, energy production, and dissipation indicate the contribution of surface waves in the enhanced transfer of momentum and energy between the two fluids. The results in this study show that the flow dynamics in a layer immediately adjacent to the water surface whose thickness is of the order of the significant wave height is significantly different from that at greater heights. Thus, it is concluded that the quantitative investigation of the flow in the immediate vicinity of the interface is vital for an improved understanding of the heat, mass, and momentum exchange between air and water. The present study demonstrates that PIV is an effective technique to accurately measure the velocity fields in this region.  相似文献   

地震波传播的褶积微分算子法数值模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李信富  李小凡 《地球科学》2008,33(6):861-866

为了解决地震波场数值模拟中的速度与精度的匹配及局部信息与全局信息的耦合等问题, 该文借助新推出的基于Forsyte广义正交多项式的褶积微分算子, 将计算数学中的Forsyte多项式褶积微分算子应用到地震波传播的数值模拟中.复杂非均匀介质模型数值模拟结果说明了该方法的可行性和优越性.该方法同时具有广义正交多项式褶积微分算子的高精度和有限差分短算子算法的高速度.通过对算子长度的调节及算子系数的优化, 可同时兼顾波场解的全局信息与局部信息.   相似文献   

地下水开采与地面沉降控制三维全耦合模型研究     

骆祖江  曾峰  李颖 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2009,39(6):1080-1088

针对第四纪松散沉积层中地下水开采所引起的地面沉降问题,以比奥固结理论为基础,考虑到土体的非线性特征及土体的渗透性随应力状态的动态变化,引入邓肯-张非线性模型和渗透率动态模型,将地下水渗流场和土体应力场耦合起来,并以吴江市浅层地下水开采为例,建立了浅层地下水开采与地面沉降三维全耦合数值模型。在对模型进行校正、识别的基础上,以微承压含水层未来10 a内地下水位埋深不低于含水层顶板、地面沉降量不超过50 mm为约束条件,预测了吴江市各镇的地下水可采资源量合计为1 203.59×10⁴m³/a。  相似文献