Coupling of life cycles of the copepods Calanus chilensis and Centropages brachiatus to upwelling induced variability in the central-southern region of Chile     

Pamela Hidalgo  Ruben Escribano 《Progress in Oceanography》2007,75(3):501-517

A time series of zooplankton sampling carried out at Station 18 off Concepción (36°S, 73°W) from August 2002 to December 2003 allowed the study of annual life cycles of the copepods Calanus chilensis and Centropages brachiatus in association with environmental variability in the coastal upwelling zone. Changes in the abundance of eggs, nauplii, and copepodids were assessed from samples taken at a mean time interval of ca. 20 days. Upwelling variability in near-surface waters was reflected in seasonal changes in salinity, water column stratification, and oxycline depth, as well as a weak seasonal signal in sea surface temperature (1-2 °C). Both copepods exhibited similar life cycles, characterized by continuous reproduction throughout the year. Estimates of generation times, as a function of temperature, were 25-30 days for C. chilensis and 27-35 days for C. brachiatus, predicting about 12 and 10 generations a year, respectively. These estimates were consistent with reproduction pulses observed in the field. It was thus suggested that copepods may grow under non-limiting food conditions in this upwelling area. However, despite continuous reproduction, there were abrupt changes in population sizes along with the disappearance of early naupliar and copepodid stages taking place even during the upwelling season (spring/summer). These changes were attributed to sudden increases in mortality taking place in spring or early summer, after which the populations remained at low levels through the fall and winter. It is thus suggested that, in addition to variability in the physical environment, biological interactions modulating changes in copepod mortality should be considered for understanding copepod life cycles in highly productive upwelling systems.  相似文献   

北部湾三维风生流及密度流模拟   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

夏华永  李树华  侍茂崇 《海洋学报》2001,23(6):11-23

将Casulli差分格式引入三维物理海洋模型计算，模拟了北部湾风生流及密度流。模拟结果表明，夏季西南季风在北部湾导致一个顺时针环流，夏季海水密度梯度导致一个逆时针方向的环流，密度流明显强于风生流；冬季东北寒潮导致一个逆时针环流。模拟结果不支持北部湾夏季为一顺时针环流、冬季为逆时针环流的传统结论，而支持终年为逆时针环流的观点。  相似文献   

Numerical Simulation of Wave Field near Submerged Bars by PLIC-VOF Model   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

刘诚刘晓平  蒋昌波 《中国海洋工程》2005,19(3):509-518

Investigating the wave field near structures in coastal and offshore engineering is of increasing significance. In the present study, simulation is done of the wave profile and flow field for waves propagating over submerged bars, using PLIC-VOF （Pieeewise Linear Interface Construction） to trace the free surface of wave and finite difference method to solve vertical 2D Navier-Stokes （N-S） equations. A comparison of the numerical results for two kinds of submerged bars with the experimental ones shows that the PLIC-VOF model used in this study is effective and can compute the wave field precisely.  相似文献   

Toward a generic method for studying water renewal, with application to the epilimnion of Lake Tanganyika   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Olivier Gourgue  Eric Deleersnijder  Laurent White   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,74(4):628

We present a method, based on the concept of age and residence time, to study the water renewal in a semi-enclosed domain. We split the water of this domain into different water types. The initial water is the water initially present in the semi-enclosed domain. The renewing water is defined as the water entering the domain of interest. Several renewing water types may be considered depending on their origin. We present the equations for computing the age and the residence time of a certain water type. These timescales are of use to understand the rate at which the water renewal takes place. Computing these timescales can be achieved at an acceptable extra computer cost.The above-mentioned method is applied to study the renewal of epilimnion (i.e. the surface layer) water in Lake Tanganyika. We have built a finite element reduced-gravity model modified to take into account the water exchange between the epilimnion and the hypolimnion (i.e. the bottom layer), the water supply from precipitation and incoming rivers, and the water loss from evaporation and the only outgoing river. With our water renewal diagnoses, we show that the only significant process in the renewal of epilimnion water in Lake Tanganyika is the water exchange between the epilimnion and the hypolimnion, other phenomena being negligible.  相似文献   

低分子量肝素的制备及其结构与活性差异(英文)     

于广利  管华诗  徐家敏  王群 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,31(5):673-680

低分子肝素作为一种抗血栓的多糖药物在临床中已应用了二十多年 ,目前已作为外科预防血栓形成药物 ,并在治疗急性静脉栓塞紊乱方面取代了未分级肝素。因肝素的来源和制备的方法不同使低分子肝素的精细结构不同 ,低分子肝素结构的复杂性 ,使得各产品的生物活性 ,例如抗蛋白酶活性不同 ,从而导致其临床使用的标准不同。该文将对低分子肝素的制备方法及其结构和抗蛋白酶活性的差异进行报导  相似文献   

泉州湾海域表层沉积物矿物碎屑分布特征及其环境意义   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

谷东起  边淑华  胡泽建  张绪良 《海岸工程》2003,22(2):22-30

对泉州湾13个表层沉积物样品进行了矿物碎屑定量分析．通过矿物分析，发现泉州湾不同站位的轻、重矿物组分、含量和表征存在差异．根据矿物的分布和组合特征．将耒州湾划分为4个组合区，不同组合区所处沉积环境是不同的．分析表明，研完区表层沉积物的碎屑矿物具有明显的亲陆性，物质来源主要为河流输砂和沿湾海岸侵蚀来砂，且其分布受物源、水动力条件和矿物物理性质等因素所控制。  相似文献   

A phase-averaged Boussinesq model with effective description of carrier wave group and associated long wave evolution     

K. Nadaoka  K. Raveenthiran 《Ocean Engineering》2002,29(1):21-37

From the phase-resolving improved Boussinesq equations (Beji and Nadaoka, Ocean Engineering 23 (1996) 691), a phase-averaged Boussinesq model for water waves is derived by more effectively describing carrier wave groups and accompanying long wave evolution with less CPU time. Linear shoaling characteristics of carrier wave equations are investigated and found to agree exactly with the analytical expression obtained from the constancy of energy flux for the improved Boussinesq equations themselves, showing that the present model equations are the results of a consistent derivation procedure regarding energy considerations. Numerical simulations of the derived equations for the single wave group and narrow-banded random waves show the validity of the present model and its high performance, especially on the CPU time.  相似文献   

磁通门罗盘的原理     

王文彬  程彦秋 《海洋技术学报》1992,11(2):21-27

磁通门罗盘是一种新型罗盘。此罗盘的关键部件是探头,探头主要是由高导磁的软磁材料做成的磁环和线圈组成。当在初级线圈加上交变的激励信号时,即可得到与次级线圈在地磁场中相对应的磁方位角。本文介绍其原理,并对其进行了理论分析。  相似文献   

Hydrodynamic modeling of flushing time in a small estuary of North Bay, Florida, USA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wenrui Huang   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,74(4):722

Freshwater fraction method is popular for cost-effective estimations of estuarine flushing time in response to freshwater inputs. However, due to the spatial variations of salinity, it is usually expensive to directly estimate the long-term freshwater fraction in the estuary from field observations. This paper presents the application of the 3D hydrodynamic model to estimate the distributions of salinity and thus the freshwater fractions for flushing time estimation. For a case study in a small estuary of the North Bay in Florida, USA, the hydrodynamic model was calibrated and verified using available field observations. Freshwater fractions in the estuary were determined by integrating freshwater fractions in model grids for the calculation of flushing time. The flushing time in the North Bay is calculated by the volume of freshwater fraction divided by the freshwater inflow, which is about 2.2 days under averaged flow conditions. Based on model simulations for a time series of freshwater inputs over a 2-year period, a power regression equation has been derived from model simulations to correlate estuarine flushing time to freshwater inputs. For freshwater input varying from 12 m³/s to 50 m³/s, flushing time in this small estuary of North Bay changes from 3.7 days to 1.8 days. In supporting estuarine management, the model can be used to examine the effects of upstream freshwater withdraw on estuarine salinity and flushing time.  相似文献   

近58a来影响和登陆浙江的热带气旋统计特征分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

俞燎霓  雷媛  曹美兰  陈春晓 《台湾海峡》2007,26(2):213-219

本文利用1949-2006年热带气旋资料,对58a来影响和登陆浙江热带气旋的登陆位置、登陆时间的年际、月际和日变化、登陆后的移速及路径变化与降水中心分布的关系、登陆后维持和衰减情况等进行了统计分析.统计结果表明：影响和登陆浙江的热带气旋有较明显的年际、月际和日变化特征;登陆浙江的热带气旋陆上维持时间与登陆时的强度正相关,登陆后12h内热带气旋衰减较快;登陆后移向偏北分量大的或移速加快的热带气旋,主要降水区出现在路径右侧的可能性大.  相似文献