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951.
952.
Marianne Nuzzo Edward R.C. Hornibrook Fiona Gill Christian Hensen Richard D. Pancost Matthias Haeckel Anja Reitz Florian Scholz Vitor H. Magalhes Warner Brückmann Luis M. Pinheiro 《Chemical Geology》2009,266(3-4):359-372
Widespread mud volcanism across the thick (≤ 14 km) seismically active sedimentary prism of the Gulf of Cadiz is driven by tectonic activity along extensive strike–slip faults and thrusts associated with the accommodation of the Africa–Eurasia convergence and building of the Arc of Gibraltar, respectively. An investigation of eleven active sites located on the Moroccan Margin and in deeper waters across the wedge showed that light volatile hydrocarbon gases vented at the mud volcanoes (MVs) have distinct, mainly thermogenic, origins. Gases of higher and lower thermal maturities are mixed at Ginsburg and Mercator MVs on the Moroccan Margin, probably because high maturity gases that are trapped beneath evaporite deposits are transported upwards at the MVs and mixed with shallower, less mature, thermogenic gases during migration. At all other sites except for the westernmost Porto MV, δ13C–CH4 and δ2H–CH4 values of ~ − 50‰ and − 200‰, respectively, suggest a common origin for methane; however, the ratio of CH4/(C2H6 + C3H8) varies from ~ 10 to > 7000 between sites. Mixing of shallow biogenic and deep thermogenic gases cannot account for the observed compositions which instead result mainly from extensive migration of thermogenic gases in the deeply-buried sediments, possibly associated with biodegradation of C2+ homologues and secondary methane production at Captain Arutyunov and Carlos Ribeiro MVs. At the deep-water Bonjardim, Olenin and Carlos Ribeiro MVs, generation of C2+-enriched gases is probably promoted by high heat flux anomalies which have been measured in the western area of the wedge. At Porto MV, gases are highly enriched in CH4 having δ13C–CH4 ~ − 50‰, as at most sites, but markedly lower δ2H–CH4 values < − 250‰, suggesting that it is not generated by thermal cracking of n-alkanes but rather that it has a deep Archaeal origin. The presence of petroleum-type hydrocarbons is consistent with a thermogenic origin, and at sites where CH4 is predominant support the suggestion that gases have experienced extensive transport during which they mobilized oil from sediments ~ 2–4 km deep. These fluids then migrate into shallower, thermally immature muds, driving their mobilization and extrusion at the seafloor. At Porto MV, the limited presence of petroleum in mud breccia sediments further supports the hypothesis of a predominantly deep microbial origin of CH4. 相似文献
953.
Shekhar Gupta P. S. Dandele M. B. Verma P. B. Maithani 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(2):202-212
Groundwater in Palnad sub-basin is alkaline in nature and Na+-Cl−-HCO3− type around Macherla-Karempudi area in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh. Total dissolved solids (TDS) show strong positive
correlation with Cl−, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, and positive correlation with SO42−, K+ and HCO3−. Calcareous Narji Formation is the dominant aquifer lithology, and water-rock interaction controls the groundwater chemistry
of the area. Chloro-alkaline indices (CAI) are positive at Miriyala, Adigopula, Mutukuru, Macherla and Durgi suggesting replacement
of Na+ and K+ ions from water by Mg++ and Ca++ ions from country rock through base exchange reactions. Negative CAI values are recorded at Terala, Rayavaram and Nehrunagar,
which indicate exchange of Na+ and K+ from the rock as cation-anion exchange reaction (chloro-alkaline disequilibrium).
TDS range from 91 to 7100 ppm (Avg. 835 ppm) and exceed the prescribed limit of drinking water around Mutukuru, Durgi, Rayavaram,
Khambampadu and Ammanizamalmadaka areas. Scanty rainfall and insufficient groundwater recharge are the prime factors responsible
for high salinity in the area. Fluoride content ranges from <1 to 3.8 ppm and contaminated areas were identified around Macherla
(1 sq km; 3.8ppm), Mandadi (1 sq km, 2.1ppm) and Adigopula (2 sq km, <1 to 3.7 ppm). The % Na+ content varies from 17 to 85 with the mean value of 57, and eighty (80) samples showed higher %Na+ in comparison to the prescribed limit of 60 for irrigation water. Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and % Na+ in relation to total salt concentration indicate that groundwater (51%) mostly falls under doubtful to poor quality for irrigation
purpose. Groundwater of Adigopula village is fluoride contaminated and remedial measures are suggested to improve the water
quality. 相似文献
954.
955.
956.
Sandra Andrade Horstpeter H. Ulbrich Valdecir A. Janasi Margareth S. Navarro 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2009,33(3):337-345
Determinations of the volatile elements carbon, hydrogen, sulfur and nitrogen in many geological RM, performed with the LECO CHN and SC analysers, are presented. The method allowed the determination of S in concentrations from a few % m/m to 0.001% m/m or less, of C from % m/m to 0.01% m/m and of H from % m/m to 0.004% m/m. Accuracy was usually better than the XRF method (for S). All obtained values passed the Sutarno-Steger test, which establishes that |(meananalysed - meancertified )|/ Scertified < 2, for the cases with an appropriate number of determinations (n > 10 for each element). It was possible to perform routine determination of C, H and S with the instrumentation, coupled with the determination of major and minor elements in geological materials. Determination of nitrogen could also be performed on an exploratory basis, with improvements in the method dependent on the future availability of more reference materials with reliable composition of this element. 相似文献
957.
土壤阳离子交换容量(CEC)、总有机碳(TOC)、粘土矿物总量和粘粒含量是影响再生水入渗过程中污染物在包气带及地下水含水层介质中迁移转化的四项重要指标,是反映包气带对污染物吸附性及生物作用的主要参数。本文选取北京市潮白河顺义段再生水补给区包气带作为对象,对CEC、TOC、粘土矿物总量及粘粒含量4项指标进行了两两相关性分析及函数拟合。结果表明,上述四项指标的大小均与埋深无关,只与介质本身特性有关,且两两之间存在着显著的相关性,相关系数均大于0.8。 相似文献
958.
矿产资源开发利用总量调控是矿产资源规划编制的重点和关键。它对于有效保护和高效利用矿产资源十分重要,也是政府宏观调控的主要内容。本文叙述贵州省矿产资源开发利用总量调控的现状并对其进行了分析,提出了总量调控的措施建议。 相似文献
959.
采用1961-2015年659站日值降水数据,以持续1d和持续2d及以上暴雨作为短和长历时暴雨标准,分析不同历时暴雨变化趋势,结果表明,中国总降雨、总暴雨和短历时暴雨从东南沿海向西北内陆依次呈“增-减-增”的分布特征,且整体以增加趋势的站点占主导,而长历时暴雨则呈现出“增-减”的分布特征,且整体以减少趋势的站点占主导,并且检测出中国自东北向西南存在一条变干带。同时中国总暴雨对总降雨、长历时暴雨对总暴雨的贡献呈现出“东南高-西北低”的分布特征,而短历时暴雨对总暴雨的贡献呈现出“东南低-西北高”的分布特征。中国总暴雨对总降雨、短历时暴雨对总暴雨贡献的变化趋势呈现出“增-增减镶嵌-增”的分布特征,且以增加趋势的站点占主导,而长历时暴雨在东部沿海地区呈现出增减镶嵌的趋势,而西北内陆地区呈略微减少趋势,且以减少趋势的站点占主导,也检测出自东北向西南存在一条气候过渡带并与上述变干带基本重合。 相似文献
960.
HPLC-ICP-MS法研究内蒙古锡盟和新疆塔城高碘地区地下水的总碘及碘形态特征 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
长期饮用高碘水将对人体造成危害,地下水总碘及碘形态分析对于高碘地区碘环境地球化学研究具有重要价值。本文采用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术对内蒙古锡盟与新疆塔城高碘地区地下水总碘及碘形态进行测定。研究表明:锡盟地区地下水中碘以I-形态为主,总碘量维持在200μg/L,个别点位达到600μg/L甚至1700μg/L,呈环状分布,从东北至西南呈现"低-高-低"的分布规律;塔城地区地下水中的碘以IO-3形态为主,总碘量不足100μg/L,个别点位接近200μg/L,呈层状分布,自东向西逐渐升高。分析认为,氧化性的条件利于不同碘形态之间的转化;溶解氧过高或过低都不利于碘的储存;碘会随着可溶性盐的流失而流失;沿河流的流向,下游地势较低,总碘得到积累。本研究结果对于锡盟和塔城地区科学预防甲状腺肿、制定法律法规具有指导作用。 相似文献