基于RTK技术的无人机在大比例尺地形图测绘中的精度分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李天 《测绘与空间地理信息》2019,42(3):166-168

利用具有RTK技术的无人机进行航空摄影,以获取高精度的POS数据。文中使用Pix4DMapper分别在无地面像控和少量地面像控的条件下进行空三加密,并用专业立体测图软件进行DLG采集,最后,与实地测量的野外检查点进行精度比对,分析无控制点情况下无人机用于大比例尺地形图测绘的精度,以及加入少量控制点对成图精度的影响。  相似文献   

北斗短报文的无人机飞行监管技术与装备研究     

李英成  薛艳丽  李西林  刘沛  任丽艳  王凤  叶冬梅 《测绘科学》2019,44(6):47-51

针对我国现有以地面雷达为主要空管手段的监管体系中,轻小型无人机飞行目标存在的“看不到”“管不了”等难题。该文提出了基于北斗短报文通信技术的无人机系统飞行监管技术与方法,研究制定了无人机资源注册、任务注册机制,以及无人机飞行诸元传输协议;研究突破了无人机机载设备终端电磁兼容、北斗通信传输频次加密、多系统导航定位、FPGA优化集成等关键技术,研制了小型化、轻量级、高频次北斗短报文无人机飞行监管机载终端,开发了网络化无人机飞行监管综合运行管理平台。全套系统在国土测绘、海洋监测、灾害应急等领域开展5个节点应用示范,有效实现了无人机多架、协同、异地、同步在线超视距通信与监管。研究成果填补了我国无人机飞行安全管理的空白,进一步推动了无人机产业化发展,有力保障了我国低空空域开放政策的有序推进。  相似文献   

无人机组网技术在海洋观测中的应用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐栋  杨敏  王新胜  孙昕雨 《海洋科学》2018,42(1):45-51

为了应对海洋多个观测平台间组网通信的迫切需求,作者从体系架构和通信链路等多个层面对无人机组网通信技术的研究进展进行总结,并关注了军用和搜救方面的特殊应用。最后结合实际项目中多机协同海洋观测的具体场景,分析了现有无人机组网通信技术的成果和不足,指出了未来的发展方向。  相似文献   

Information fusion model-free adaptive control algorithm and unmanned surface vehicle heading control     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

Based on the model-free adaptive control (MFAC) theory, the heading control problem of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) with uncertainties is explored. First, as a USV’s heading subsystem does not satisfy the quasilinear assumption of the MFAC theory, a new type of input and output information fusion MFAC, i.e., the IOIF–MFAC algorithm is proposed. The novel algorithm proposed herein renders the MFAC theory applicable to the heading control of USVs. Next, the input and output information of the heading subsystem, namely the rudder angle and heading angle, are combined, and the data model of the heading subsystem is subsequently deduced using a compact format dynamic linearization method. Based on which, the stability of the control system is proved. Finally, the effectiveness and practicability of the IOIF–MFAC algorithm are verified by simulation and field experiments through the “Dolphin IB” test platform developed by our group.  相似文献   

一种基于超短基线定位的便携式AUV回坞导航方法          下载免费PDF全文

裘天佑  李一平 《海洋技术学报》2019,38(2)

自主水下机器人(AUV)对接技术是目前水下机器人的研究热点,精确可靠的AUV的回坞导航是实现对接的关键技术。对于追求轻便的便携式AUV的对接系统,考虑到便携式AUV的搭载能力有限又需要足够的定位精度用于对接,提出了一种基于超短基线(USBL)定位的回坞导航方法,该方法让AUV只需装载电子罗盘和水声应答器就能完成精确的回坞定位。根据导航方法的特点,设计了一种改进的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,其优点是能在处理滞后的USBL数据的同时动态估算海流、更新状态方程以消除海流造成的定位误差。通过湖试和大量仿真实验,验证了定位算法在海流影响下的定位性能。  相似文献   

Compression–shear coupling rheological constitutive model of the deep-sea sediment     

Feng Xu  Jie Zhang  Wenbo Ma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(3):288-296

In deep-sea mining engineering, the compression–shear coupling effect of the sediment on the moving tracked mining vehicle must be considered, since it is proved to be existing in compression–shear creep test of the sediment simulant. Based on the endochronic theory, the compression–shear coupling rheological model is established by the definition of intrinsic time and calculation of deviatoric tensor, where the coupling rheological parameters can be obtained by the compression–shear creep test. For simulating sinkage and traction force of the moving tracked mining vehicle, the compression–shear coupling rheological model as well as compressive rheological model and direct shear rheological model (regardless of coupling rheological effect) is programmed and introduced into RecurDyn software (with only traditional elastic–plastic constitutive model) for comparison. Research results show that the sinkage is the largest, and the traction force is the smallest under the compression–shear coupling rheological model, which could better reflect the worse working situation. The compression–shear coupling rheological model could provide theoretical basis for optimal design and safety assessment of the tracked mining vehicle.  相似文献   

Trajectory-cell based method for the unmanned surface vehicle motion planning     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

A trajectory-cell based method was proposed for unmanned surface vehicle (USV) motion planning to combine the expression of the dynamic constraints and the discretization of the search space. The dynamic constraints were expressed by the USV trajectories produced by the mathematical model. The search space was performed by the discretization rules with the consideration of the path continuity, the search convenience and the maneuvering simplification. Therefore, the trajectory-cells were the discretized trajectories, which made the search space meet the USV dynamic constraints, and guaranteed the final spliced path continuous. After abstracting the characteristics of those cells, the available waypoints and headings were represented as the search indexes. Finally, a trajectory-cell based path searching strategy was proposed by determining the cost function of the A* algorithm. The results showed that the proposed algorithm can plan a practical motion path for the USV.  相似文献   

Layered berthing method and experiment of unmanned surface vehicle based on multiple constraints analysis     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

Considering the dynamic changes of unmanned surface vehicle (USV) in berthing tasks, the planning and control modes are divided into two phases: the remote phase and the terminal phase. According to the main influencing factors of the two phases, an improved artificial potential field method is proposed to complete autonomous berthing trajectory planning based on the analysis of environment constraint, berth point constraint and USV’s dynamics constraint. Combining with the dynamic characteristics and control objectives at different phases of berthing and analyzing the fuzzy rule regulation strategy of USV’s heading and speed control, an improved adaptive fuzzy PID control method is proposed to solve the control problem of USV, which is influenced by weak maneuver, large disturbance, limited water area and strong shore effect. Finally, the comparative test of berthing simulation verifies the superiority of the proposed control method. The autonomous berthing field experiment is completed based on the "Dolphin-I" small USV. It verifies the validity and feasibility of the proposed autonomous berthing method.  相似文献   

Application of particle filter combined with extended Kalman filter in model identification of an autonomous underwater vehicle based on experimental data     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

This study proposes a method for identification of the nonlinear dynamic model of an AUV while some states are unmeasured; hence, it concentrates on a nonlinear “state and parameter estimation” issue. In this method, a local linearization is used for solving the nonlinear dynamics based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF), and a particle filter (PF) is used to minimize errors and variances of the nonlinear system. In other words, the PF is combined with the EKF in the form of the extended Kalman particle filter (EKPF). The EKPF method is independent of the initial values and satisfies the limits of the parameters and also the assumption that the hydrodynamic coefficients are constant. Hence, it is shown when the ranges or signs of some parameters are known, the EKPF is a more accurate estimator than the EKF. Moreover, a new simulation is done using the model estimated by the EKPF and the results are compared and validated with the measured data of a new experimental test. It is shown that the obtained model can predict the trajectory path with the total normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE) of 14% and the surge mean speed with the NRMSE of 5%; and it describes the 6DOF motion of the AUV more accurate than the EKF model.  相似文献   

Numerical prediction of the effective wake profiles of a high-speed underwater vehicle with contra-rotating propellers     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

A numerical method is proposed to predict the effective wake profiles of high speed underwater vehicles propelled by contra-rotating propellers (CRPs), in which the hydrodynamic effects of the CRPs are simulated by distributed body forces. First, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations are conducted for identical body-force distributions in open-water and self-propulsion conditions. The effective wake profiles at the CRP disks are then obtained by subtracting the velocities induced by the body forces in the open water from those induced by the body forces in the self-propulsion condition. The effective wake profiles were then predicted for a generic underwater vehicle with an established CRP design. Next, the hydrodynamic performance of the CRPs in the effective wake was computed using an in-house vortex-lattice code. The potential-flow results agree well with those provided by the RANS simulation under the self-propulsion condition, indicating that the proposed method can predict the effective wake profiles for CRPs with reasonable accuracy. The influences of different wake components on the blade forces were investigated, determining that for CRPs, and especially for the aft propeller, the circumferential wake cannot be neglected in the design.  相似文献