采用板式橡胶支座的连续斜梁桥横向抗震行为研究          下载免费PDF全文

姚凯  徐略勤  李建中  龚恋 《地震工程学报》2018,40(2):265-272

为了提高采用板式橡胶支座的斜梁桥横向抗震能力,揭示其在不同设计参数下的横向抗震行为,考虑板式橡胶支座的滑移、钢筋混凝土挡块的滞回力学性能、桥台-背土效应等非线性因素,采用OpenSEES建立某连续斜梁桥的三维分析模型,提出支座位移评价指标、主梁平面转角指标、墩柱曲率延性指标和抗剪指标,研究不同挡块强度和间隙组合下桥梁的横向抗震性能。研究表明:同时增大挡块强度和间隙,总体上会降低支座的横向变形,但会增加其纵向变形;挡块强度越高,主梁的横向位移有所下降,但平面转角越大,对两侧桥台处的支座抗剪越不利;挡块强度越高,间隙越小,墩柱越有可能进入弹塑性状态。在本文桥例中,当挡块强度取40%支反力,间隙取0.08m时,所有抗震指标都可满足规范要求。  相似文献   

Early‐stage aeolian protodunes: Bedform development and sand transport dynamics          下载免费PDF全文

Matthew C. Baddock  Joanna M. Nield  Giles F.S. Wiggs 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(1):339-346

Early‐stage aeolian bedforms, or protodunes, are elemental in the continuum of dune development and act as essential precursors to mature dunes. Despite this, we know very little about the processes and feedback mechanisms that shape these nascent bedforms. Whilst theory and conceptual models have offered some explanation for protodune existence and development, until now, we have lacked the technical capability to measure such small bedforms in aeolian settings. Here, we employ terrestrial laser scanning to measure morphological change at the high frequency and spatial resolution required to gain new insights into protodune behaviour. On a 0.06 m high protodune, we observe vertical growth of the crest by 0.005 m in two hours. Our direct measurements of sand transport on the protodune account for such growth, with a reduction in time‐averaged sediment flux of 18% observed over the crestal region. Detailed measurements of form also establish key points of morphological change on the protodune. The position on the stoss slope where erosion switches to deposition is found at a point 0.07 m upwind of the crest. This finding supports recent models that explain vertical dune growth through an upwind shift of this switching point. Observations also show characteristic changes in the asymmetric cross‐section of the protodune. Flow‐form feedbacks result in a steepening of the lee slope and a decline in lower stoss slope steepness (by 3°), constituting a reshaping of protodune form towards more mature dune morphology. The approaches and findings applied here, (a) demonstrate an ability to quantify processes at requisite spatial and temporal scales for monitoring early‐stage dune evolution, (b) highlight the crucial role of form‐flow feedbacks in enabling early‐stage bedform growth, alluding to a fluctuation in feedbacks that require better representation in dune models, and (c) provide a new stimulus for advancing understanding of aeolian bedforms. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

薄互层弹性波反演面临的困境   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王赟  杨春  芦俊 《地球物理学报》2018,61(3):1118-1135

对于薄互层地震传播特征的研究我们已有了充分的认识,这是一种完全不同于现有的基于厚层单阻抗差界面地震反射理论的、具有频率依赖性的调谐反射.因而也使得对具有N层结构的弹性介质薄互层反演时,现有有限带宽的基于空间-频率域采样的地震观测难以规避多解性问题.长波长假设下的薄互层VTI近似似乎可以为我们提供一种待反演弹性参数只有5个的可行性方案,使得我们可以将薄互层背景下任一目标薄层的反演看作VTI厚层介质背景下单薄层的反演.但是,我们首先面临薄互层VTI近似的误差和适用性条件等问题;其次,既使对于单薄层厚度的反演,目前地震领域也未能提供一种通用有效的解决方案,实际地震勘探中薄层厚度的预测依然是一个悬而未决的难题.因此在此基础上再进行单薄层的物性参数、裂缝隙和流体的预测则更叠加了难以预知的多解性.显然单纯P波已难以应对,弹性波的介入成为必然;而且单薄层含裂缝与流体的预测更需要横波分裂和双相介质理论的支撑.可以预见的是,除了纵、横波速度,薄互层反射系数的频率依赖性是我们试图给出相对可靠的、单薄层物性精细刻画必须使用的一种重要地震属性.  相似文献   

Flow structure in large bedrock-channels: The example of macroturbulent rapids,lower Mekong River,Southeast Asia     

Paul A. Carling  He Qing Huang  Teng Su  Duncan Hornby 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(4):843-860

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金字塔沙丘风洞流场结构的实验研究——兼论金字塔沙丘发育模式     

李志忠  陈广庭 《中国沙漠》1995,15(3):227-232

金字塔沙丘以其大尺度、金字塔形态和放射状伸展的沙臂为特征。本文以三面体金字塔沙丘模型的风洞流场实验为基础,结合野外观测资料,发现金字塔沙丘的流场结构,特别是背风侧剖面流场除具有一般新月形沙丘的流场结构特点外,还有特殊的"E"型流场结构,正是这种多向风信产生的复杂流场结构形成具有凹面形态的多角形金字塔沙丘。据此,作者提出了由新月形沙丘(包括其复合形态)演化为金字塔沙丘的发育模式。  相似文献   

Analyses of iron oxide assemblages within Namib dune sediments using high field remanence measurements (9 T) and Mössbauer analysis     

John Walden  Kevin H. White  Susan H. Kilcoyne  Phillip M. Bentley 《第四纪科学杂志》2000,15(2):185-195

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宁夏河东沙地沙丘冻融过程的时空差异     

秦海琴  张萍  展秀丽  火占华  马娟利  吴宏玥  靳磊 《冰川冻土》2020,42(3):909-918

中国的沙漠和沙地部分或全部分布在季节冻土区, 研究沙丘的冻融过程是讨论季节冻结期间沙丘风蚀和形态演变规律的条件之一。以宁夏河东沙地流动沙丘和沙障固定沙丘为研究对象, 通过野外观测和室内控制实验, 分析了沙丘的冻融过程及其控制因素。结果显示： 沙丘的冻结期在11月中旬至3月上旬, 流动沙丘各地貌部位的冻结时长和冻结层厚度均存在较大差异（背风坡面>迎风坡面>丘顶）, 背风坡脚的冻深最大。在季节冻结期内沙丘表层始终不发生冻结, 未冻层厚度的阈值约为10 cm且具有保护冻结层的作用, 流动沙丘迎风坡中在未冻层风蚀后, 地表冻结层融化再被风蚀, 如此循环过程造成其冻结层厚度远小于沙障固定沙丘的冻结层厚度。流动沙丘丘顶和背风坡面的冻结层厚度分别受短时（32 h）和较长历时（15 d）平均气温的影响。野外观测和室内控制实验均证明水分含量低于1.6%的沙丘沙不发生冻结, 冻结层硬度随含水率的增加呈幂函数递增（P<0.001）, 随温度降低呈缓慢递增。  相似文献   

Unit bar architecture in a highly-variable fluvial discharge regime: Examples from the Burdekin River,Australia     

Christopher M. Herbert  Jan Alexander  Kathryn J. Amos  Christopher R. Fielding 《Sedimentology》2020,67(1):576-605

Unit bars are relatively large bedforms that develop in rivers over a wide range of climatic regimes. Unit bars formed within the highly-variable discharge Burdekin River in Queensland, Australia, were examined over three field campaigns between 2015 and 2017. These bars had complex internal structures, dominated by co-sets of cross-stratified and planar-stratified sets. The cross-stratified sets tended to down-climb. The development of complex internal structures was primarily a result of three processes: (i) superimposed bedforms reworking the unit bar avalanche face; (ii) variable discharge triggering reactivation surfaces; and (iii) changes in bar growth direction induced by stage change. Internal structures varied along the length and across the width of unit bars. For the former, down-climbing cross-stratified sets tended to pass into single planar cross-stratified deposits at the downstream end of emergent bars; such variation related to changes in fluvial conditions whilst bars were active. A hierarchy of six categories of fluvial unsteadiness is proposed, with these discussed in relation to their effects on unit bar (and dune) internal structure. Across-deposit variation was caused by changes in superimposed bedform and bar character along bar crests; such changes related to the three-dimensionality of the channel and bar geometry when bars were active. Variation in internal structure is likely to be more pronounced in unit bar deposits than in smaller bedform (for example, dune) deposits formed in the same river. This is because smaller bedforms are more easily washed out or modified by changing discharge conditions and their smaller dimensions restrict the variation in flow conditions that occur over their width. In regimes where unit bar deposits are well-preserved, their architectural variability is a potential aid to their identification. This complex architecture also allows greater resolution in interpreting the conditions before and during bar initiation and development.  相似文献   

基坑开挖引起的旁侧盾构隧道横向受力变化研究     

魏纲  张鑫海  林心蓓  华鑫欣 《岩土力学》2020,41(2):635-644

为研究运营盾构隧道附近基坑开挖对隧道管片受力的影响,针对基坑开挖引起旁侧盾构隧道围压变化的机制进行了分析,提出了一种能描述隧道受力-位移-再平衡过程的附加围压重分布模型,并推导出附加围压的计算公式。采用修正惯用法计算相应围压作用下的衬砌内力。根据实际工程做算例分析,研究基坑开挖对盾构隧道围压和内力的影响,并进行影响因素分析。分析结果表明：基坑开挖前隧道围压呈“钟形”分布;当基坑开挖后,隧道两侧的围压减小,基坑开挖侧的围压减小量更多;基坑开挖会使旁侧隧道正负弯矩值和正负剪力值增大,拱顶和拱底的轴力减小;随着基坑侧壁应力释放系数的增大,附加围压和附加弯矩的绝对值都会增加,而弯矩对基坑开挖卸载的响应更为明显;埋深较浅的盾构隧道对旁侧基坑开挖的影响更敏感,埋深较大的隧道,尤其是埋深大于基坑开挖深度的隧道,对旁侧基坑开挖影响的敏感度会明显降低;随着基坑与旁侧隧道净距的增加,基坑开挖对隧道的影响也会减小。  相似文献   

Dunefield Activity and Interactions with Climatic Variability in the Southwest Kalahari Desert     

J. E. Bullard  D. S. G. Thomas  I. Livingstone  G. S. F. Wiggs 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1997,22(2):165-174

An analysis is undertaken of the temporal variability of climatic parameters that influence dunefield aeolian activity. Data from seven meteorological stations in the southwestern Kalahari Desert are used, spanning the period 1960–1992. Erosivity is considered through analysis of wind data, and erodibility through analysis of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, which together influence dune surface plant growth. The data are integrated using Lancaster's ‘mobility’ index which provides a measure of potential dune surface sand transport. This is renamed ‘potential dune surface activity index’, to reflect the actual characteristic that is measured. The subsequent analysis indicates that dunefield activity is episodic and temporally variable, that both erosivity and erodibility vary through time, and that present levels of activity cannot be characterized by a single simple state. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献