九龙江口红树林保护区水体浮游植物群落结构及营养状态评价          下载免费PDF全文

金亮  吴明柔  高梦岚  卢昌义 《应用海洋学学报》2018,37(1):129-134

于2016年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、7月(夏季)以及10月(秋季)对九龙江口红树林保护区的浮游植物多样性组成及其时空变化进行研究.结果表明,福建九龙江口红树林保护区共采集到浮游植物5门91属138种,其中硅藻占50.00%、绿藻占31.16%、蓝藻占8.70%、甲藻和裸藻各占5.07%.主要优势种为具槽直链藻(Melosira sulcata)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、条纹小环藻(Cyclotella stratia)、舟形藻(Navicula sp.)、粗针杆藻(Synedra robusta)和菱形藻(Nitzschia sp.);浮游植物细胞数量在0.82×105~4.55×105个/dm3之间,年平均数量为1.97×105个/dm3.浮游植物种类时空变化明显,而数量的空间变化较大,季节变化不太明显.Shanno-Wiener指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数变化范围分别为2.10~3.55、1.05~3.61、0.78~0.95.多样性指数及浮游植物生物量评价结果显示,九龙江口红树林保护区的水体为中营养状态,水质较好,但仍应加强对陆源径流和养殖废水排放进入红树林的控制和管理.  相似文献   

Distribution and functional response of sublittoral soft bottom assemblages to sedimentary constraints   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Andrea Cosentino  Salvatore Giacobbe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Mollusc and annelid polychaete macrofaunal assemblages were studied in a sublittoral sandy bottom of 1.8 km² extension, along the western Calabrian coast (low Tyrrhenian Sea). The strict coupling of the local sedimentary dynamics with the benthic assemblages was investigated on a small spatial scale (patchiness), at the mesoscale depth-related gradients and at the level of functional/trophic habits. Non-metrical correlations (ρ), index of dispersion (Di) and dispersion weighted abundances, averaged per depth level highlighted the response of some characteristic species to the patchiness of sediments as well as to the predominant environmental gradients. Species habits and trophic guilds, that were assessed in terms of biomass (wet weight) and secondary “pseudo-production” (abundance × biomass), clarified the differential functional response of the assemblages at different depth levels. Polychaetes reached 84.86% abundance and showed a highly clumped distribution of sessile species (Ditrupa arietina, Aponuphis brementi, Chone acustica, Spiophanes kroyeri); to a lower extent the motile species (Hyalinoecia tubicola, Marphisa bellii, Phylo foetida) were present. Molluscs reached 15.14% abundance and only some bivalve taxa showed significant aggregated distributions (Corbula gibba, Tellina donacina, Tellina distorta), whereas gastropod species were more evenly distributed. Total biomasses were almost equal between the two taxonomic groups (46.41 g WW on average). Biotic–environmental rank matching highlighted depth, very fine sands (60–200 μm), sorting grade, skewness index and pH as being the most influential factors in the distributions of some species, followed secondarily by coarse silts (40–60 μm) and coarser sands (200–2000 μm). Within the local context of water/sediment oligotrophy, the adaptive strategies of macrofauna to a highly seasonal supply of autochthonous phytoplanktonic seston associated with imported macro debris and terrigenous components were emphasized. Evidence of such a differential nutrient supply was the clear functional differentiation of the shallower levels from the deeper ones, and the presence of an intermediate zone which was selectively dominated, in terms of abundance and biomass, by microphagous filter/suspension feeders. Moreover, the shortage of burrowing deposit feeders as well as the prevalence of motile macrophagous omnivores beyond 20 m depth may be considered as ecologically correlated aspects.  相似文献   

The influence of reef type and seasonality on population structure of coral‐reef fishes within Malindi Marine Park,Kenya     

Gamoe A. Locham  Boaz Kaunda‐Arara  Chrisestom M. Mlewa 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(3):494-505

Effective conservation requires knowledge of the effects of habitat on distribution and abundance of organisms. Although the structure of coral reef fish assemblages is strongly correlated with attributes of reef structure, data relating reef types to fish assemblages are scarce. In this study we describe the influence of gross habitat characteristics and seasonality on coral reef fish assemblages of fringing and patch reefs in Kenya. Results showed that total fish abundance was not significantly different between the reefs; however, the fringing reef had higher species diversity during both the northeast (42 spp.) and southeast (36 spp.) monsoon seasons when compared to the patch reef. The more fished species (e.g. Siganus sutor and Lethrinus mahsena) were more abundant on the patch reef in both seasons. Statistical analysis indicated common species between the reefs were more abundant on the fringing reef. Seasons affected abundance of the more vagile species (S. sutor), whereas the reef‐attached sky emperor, L. mahsena was affected more by reef type than by seasons. No significant interaction effects of habitat and seasons were found, indicating independence of habitat and environmental variability in affecting fish assemblages on the reefs. Smaller sized fish dominated the fringing reef more than the patch reef, whereas the skewness index (Sk) indicated a normal‐sized frequency distribution on the patch reef. Trophic structure of the fishes varied more within than between reefs, whereas fish assemblage structure was affected more by seasons on the fringing reef. These results suggest that conservation measures such as marine protected area (MPA) design and setting should consider effects of reef morphology and environmental variability on coral‐reef fish assemblage structure.  相似文献   

Temporal variability of three different macrofauna communities in the northern North Sea     

Ulrike Schückel  Siegfried Ehrich  Ingrid Kröncke 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

In 1999, 2003 and 2007 macrofauna communities were sampled in three different areas (“Boxes”) of 10 × 10 nautical miles in the northern North Sea in order to study the temporal changes in community structure in relation to changes in temperature or changes in hydrography.  相似文献   

基于地面实测光谱的太湖水体富营养化水平估算   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

焦红波  查勇  李云梅  黄家柱  韦玉春 《湖泊科学》2006,18(4):343-348

富营养化指数是评价水体污染情况的一个重要的综合性指标．通过对高光谱遥感数据和水体富营养化指数的分析,确立了反演水体富营养化水平的高光谱敏感波段,进而用选择的敏感波段和波段组合来建立模型．通过对几个模型的比较,选出了较为理想的估算模型．最后对模型进行精度分析,认为该模型具有一定的可靠性和实用性．从而确定了直接由高光谱遥感数据监测水体富营养化水平的可能性,为实现由高光谱遥感数据开展大范围的水质调查奠定了一定的理论基础．  相似文献   

氮稳定同位素基准的可变性及对营养级评价的影响   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

徐军  张敏  谢平 《湖泊科学》2010,22(1):8-20

稳定同位素技术已经成为生态学家研究生态系统特征与过程的重要手段之一。在利用稳定同位素研究植物-动物和动物之间的营养关系或者进行多生态系统的比较研究过程中,通常需要选择某种生物的稳定同位素作为"基准(baseline)"。同位素基准的目的是反映食物网生物最初物质来源的同位素特征。同位素基准的选择取决于具体研究问题与系统。本文综述了水域生态系统研究中初级生产者和初级消费者氮稳定同位素作为基准的应用。不同的研究都根据自身所关注的生态学问题对基准进行选择和校正。然而,找到适当的同位素基准取决于同位素基准种内、种间和时空上的同位素变化特征,同时还取决于所关注的生态学问题的时间、空间尺度。本文评估了季节性和种内的同位素变异性对消费者营养级位置的影响。质量平衡模型的计算结果说明同位素基准可变性可以显著影响对消费者营养级位置的评估。  相似文献   

南水北调中线水源区水质生态监测(2005年)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张乃群  李运贤  李玉英  杜敏华  胡兰群 《湖泊科学》2006,18(5):535-539

在生态调查基础上从微生物学、理化及叶绿素a指标等对南水北调中线水源区进行了生态监测．结果表明,水源区为寡污型水体,水体基本处于贫-中营养状态,水源区指标除TN为Ⅲ类水质外,其它监测指标均符合Ⅰ类水质标准．是理想的水源地．本研究为建立中线水源区长期生态研究数据信息库及库区生态环境保护政策制定提供科学依据．  相似文献   

鄱阳湖流域饶河鱼类稳定同位素比值和营养级的空间变化   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

张欢  肖协文  王玉玉  于秀波 《湖泊科学》2015,27(6):1004-1010

由于水文特征的变化和栖息生境的异质性,河流食物网结构存在着一定的空间变化.认识人类活动对河流食物网结构空间变化的影响能够为河流生态系统的科学管理提供有效指导.利用稳定同位素分析技术,测定枯水季节饶河不同地区初级生产者和鱼类的碳、氮稳定同位素比值(δ13C和δ15N),比较饶河下游鄱阳和中游海口河段4种常见鱼类的δ13C、δ15N值和营养级,并分析导致不同河段食物网结构差异的原因.结果表明,鄱阳与海口两个地区鱼类的δ13C值无显著差异,但δ15N值差异显著.鱼类的δ13C值变化范围在鄱阳河段大于海口河段,鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)和贝氏(Hemiculter bleekeri)在鄱阳河段的δ15N值要显著高于海口河段,而黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)和鲫(Carassius auratus)的δ15N值在鄱阳河段却表现更低.另一方面,除黄颡鱼外,鳜、贝氏和鲫在鄱阳河段的营养级均显著高于其在海口河段的营养级.研究认为,由于颗粒有机物和附着藻类的δ13C值在鄱阳与海口河段没有显著差异,因而导致鱼类的δ13C值也没有明显变化.不同生境下初级食物源δ15N值的差异及人为扰动的程度可能是影响饶河不同河段鱼类的δ15N值存在明显差异的主要原因.  相似文献   

长江中游巴河流域胜利河优势种纹石蛾(Hydropsyche sp.)的生产力、营养基础及物质通量     

邓山  邱爽  王利肖  闫云君 《湖泊科学》2014,26(2):297-304

为了加强长江中游地区大型无脊椎底栖动物的研究工作,2009年3月至2010年3月,对长江中游巴河支流的胜利河毛翅目优势种的生产力和营养基础进行了为期一年的调查研究.结果表明,胜利河中主要毛翅目优势种纹石蛾的生活史为一年3代.一至四级河流中,其生物量周年平均值分别为1.77、7.80、44.82、51.55 mg/m2.采用体长频率法测算的年均生产量为7.72 mg/m2,P/B系数为13.21.利用肠内含物分析法研究了胜利河中纹石蛾的营养结构.比较一至四级河流的营养基础发现,无形态碎屑为纹石蛾最常见的食物,占肠内含物的45.22%~62.92%;而对生产量贡献率最高的多是动物组织,达52.86%~68.58%.各季节的营养基础状况也有差异,春季无形态碎屑所占比例和对生产量的贡献率较高,而夏、秋和冬季动物组织则有更高的生产量贡献率.一至四级河流的年均物质通量分别为11.83、34.76、237.52和273.17g/(m2·a).由此可见,该优势种在河流生态系统中发挥着重要作用.  相似文献   

近30年来洞庭湖水质营养状况演变特征分析   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

熊剑  喻方琴  田琪  黄代中  李利强 《湖泊科学》2016,28(6):1217-1225

根据1986-2015年30年的水质监测数据,利用湖泊水质单因子评价和综合营养状态指数(TLI)对洞庭湖水质营养状况变化趋势进行评价分析.1986-2015年全湖Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质百分比呈现极显著下降趋势,近5年来稳定在Ⅳ类水平,影响水质的污染物为总氮(TN)和总磷(TP),全湖TN浓度、TP浓度和TLI在过去30年里呈显著或极显著上升趋势,TN和TP等是洞庭湖水质类别的主要影响因子.在空间分布上,TLI、TN浓度、TP浓度和Chl.a浓度高低顺序均表现为东洞庭湖南洞庭湖西洞庭湖,且东洞庭湖TN浓度和Chl.a浓度与其它湖区差异显著.1986-2002年洞庭湖水质营养状态呈现波动上升趋势,主要与面源污染有关;2003-2007年富营养化趋势有所减缓,可能与期间工业污染下降和水环境容量扩大有关;但2008-2015年又开始明显加剧,可能是流域内工业与农业污染增加、内源污染释放与水环境容量减小造成的.30年来洞庭湖各湖区基本均处于中营养状态,但接近轻度富营养且2008-2010年和2015年东洞庭湖等部分湖区达到轻度富营养水平.洞庭湖近年来蓝藻门所占比例明显上升,部分湖区已经暴发蓝藻水华.  相似文献