Asymptotic Calculation of the Wave Trough Exceedance Probabilities in A Nonlinear Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WANG Ying-guang 《海洋工程》2018,32(2):189-195

This paper concerns the calculation of the wave trough exceedance probabilities in a nonlinear sea. The calculations have been carried out by incorporating a second order nonlinear wave model into an asymptotic method. This is a new approach for the calculation of the wave trough exceedance probabilities, and, as all of the calculations are performed in the probability domain, avoids the need for long time-domain simulations. The proposed asymptotic method has been applied to calculate the wave trough depth exceedance probabilities of a sea state with the surface elevation data measured at the coast of Yura in the Japan Sea. It is demonstrated that the proposed new method can offer better predictions than the theoretical Rayleigh wave trough depth distribution model. The calculated results by using the proposed new method have been further compared with those obtained by using the Arhan and Plaisted nonlinear distribution model and the Toffoli et al.’s wave trough depth distribution model, and its accuracy has been once again substantiated. The research findings obtained from this study demonstrate that the proposed asymptotic method can be readily utilized in the process of designing various kinds of ocean engineering structures.  相似文献   

Power law or power flaw?     

Frank Pattyn  Wim Van Huele 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1998,23(8):761-767

Since its introduction by Svensson in 1959, the power law curve y = ax^b (where x and y are horizontal and vertical direction, respectively) has been widely used in morphological analysis of glacial trough cross-profiles. The numerical constants a and b are obtained by a linear regression analysis of the logarithmic form of the power law curve (ln y = ln a + b ln x). The value b then gives a measure for the form of the cross-section. However, over the years this form of the power law has endured a lot of criticism. This criticism is well founded, since this particular form of the power law is not suitable for curve fitting in morphological analyses. In this paper a general power law is proposed, of the form y − y₀ = a|x − x₀|^b (where x₀, y₀ are the coordinates of the origin of the cross-profile). A unique and unbiased solution for this equation is obtained with a general least-squares method, thereby minimizing the error between the cross-profile data and the curve, and not between the logarithmic transform of the data and its regression line. This provides a robust way to characterize trough cross-section forms. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Combining 2D-basin and structural modelling to constrain heat transport along the Muroto Transect,Nankai Trough,Japan     

Robert Ondrak  Christoph Gaedicke  Brian Horsfield 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009

The Nankai Trough located southeast of Shikoku Island, Japan, exhibits a zone of exceptionally high heat flow. In the central part of the Nankai Trough the fossil spreading centre of the Shikoku Basin is subducted beneath the southwest Japan arc. We have modelled the temperature and maturation history along the Muroto Transect reaching from the tip of the thrust zone out into nearly undeformed Quaternary and Tertiary sediments seawards of Nankai Trough. We used two balanced cross-sections defining the sections before and after overthrusting as input for 2D-basin modelling. We can show that rapid burial and overthrusting during the Quaternary in combination with a heat flow history following the cooling curve of a 15 Ma old oceanic plate is not sufficient to explain the measured maturity of organic material in the sediments. Several heat flow scenarios derived from theoretical concepts [Yamano, M., Kinoshita, M., Goto, S., Matsubayashi, O., 2003. Extremely high heat flow anomaly in the middle part of the Nankai Trough. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 28, 487–497.] and previous modelling approaches [e.g. Brown, K.M., Saffer, D.M., Bekins, B.A., 2001. Smectite diagenesis, pore water freshening, and fluid flow at the toe of the Nankai wedge. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 194, 97–109; Spinelli, G.A., Underwood, M.B., 2005. Modeling thermal history of subducting crust in Nankai Trough: constraints from in situ sediment temperature and diagenetic reaction progress. Geophysical Research Letters 32(L09301): doi:10.1029/2005GL022793; Steurer, J., Underwood, M.B., 2003. Clay mineralogy of mudstones from the Nankai Trough reference sites 1173 and 1177 and frontal accretionary prism site 1174. In: H. Mikada et al. (Eds.), pp. 1–37. Available from: <http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/190196SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/211.PDF>] were tested. The best match between observed maturity levels, temperature and heat flow measurements is reached for a heat flow history which initially assumes the cooling of a 15 Ma old oceanic lithosphere but is reheated to 170–180 mW/m² during the phase of rapid burial in the Quaternary. This can be achieved either by assuming the onset of hydrothermal circulation in the cooling crust or by reheating caused by off-axis volcanism at about 6 Ma [Yamano, M., Kinoshita, M., Goto, S., Matsubayashi, O., 2003. Extremely high heat flow anomaly in the middle part of the Nankai Trough. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 28, 487–497.].  相似文献   

辽河坳陷下第三系沙三段深断槽发育特点及其油气勘探意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李虹  王立军  王凯 《地球学报》2001,22(5):437-440

辽河东部凹陷断槽构造发育、岩相充填及油气分布。凹陷内主干断裂的伸展和走滑作用控制着深断槽的发育与演化，充填断槽的沙三段地层以侧向和径向的扇三角洲体系的河道砂体为主，并主要沿斜坡和低洼断槽的轴线分布，是岩性油气藏发育的有利部位，走滑断裂活动使断槽高部位火山岩形成大量构造裂缝，并发育火山岩油气藏。勘探实践证明，深断槽内沙三段赋存丰富的油气资源。  相似文献   

1962年西太平洋副热带高压双脊线演变过程的特征分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

祁莉  何金海  占瑞芬  张祖强 《大气科学》2006,30(4):682-692

利用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,提出确定副高双脊线过程的定量指标,之后重点诊断研究1962年"二度梅"期间的双脊线过程.结果表明:1962年"二度梅"期间,由于季风槽的加强东伸,副高外围变形,在其南侧新生一条脊线,呈现双脊线结构.由此,提出亚洲季风槽的发展东移是副高双脊线形成的重要影响因子.分析表明,1962年的双脊线过程与1998年的双脊线过程相比,有同亦有异:两次双脊线过程与长江流域"二度梅"均有关联,但1998年双脊线过程结束后,北侧脊线消失,南侧脊线发展维持,使副高脊线异常偏南,造成"二度梅"的突然出现,而1962年双脊线过程结束后却是南侧脊线消失,北侧脊线维持并异常偏北,从而导致"二度梅"结束;在涡度场上,两次双脊线过程均有一高层对低层的"诱导"效应,同时500 hPa诱导生成的正涡度与低纬度北移而来的正涡度带打通合并、东伸,进而其两侧的负涡度带增强,形成双脊线.这些结果为西太平洋副热带高压双脊线的演变规律和机制的进一步研究提供了新的线索.  相似文献   

Peck公式在我国隧道施工地面变形预测中的适用性分析   总被引：26，自引：3，他引：26  

韩煊  李宁 《岩土力学》2007,28(1):23-28

在目前众多的预测地铁隧道开挖引起的地表位移的经验方法中，Peck于1969年提出的高斯方程最简便，也是目前应用最为广泛的方法。由于这一公式是基于有限地区的实测资料提出的，因此，在某个地区应用前首先应该进行基于当地实测资料的验证工作。国内地铁建设工作起步相对较晚，在土中开挖的浅埋隧道工程引起的地层变形实测资料比较缺乏，因此，目前对Peck公式在国内各地区的适用性还没有定论。近年来，随着地铁建设热潮的兴起，各地逐渐积累了一些实测资料，但仍比较零散，也没有形成比较统一的结论。通过对搜集到的国内8个地区30多组观测数据的分析，评价这一方法在不同地区的适用性，并对相关计算参数提出初步建议值。  相似文献   

地铁隧道施工引起地层位移规律的探讨   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

韩煊  李宁 《岩土力学》2007,28(3):609-613

目前对城市隧道开挖所引起的地表以下地层的位移规律的认识还很不充分，长期以来只有定性地认识。英国学者Mair等人（1993年）根据在黏土中的有限实测资料，基于预测地表位移的Peck公式，考虑了沉降槽宽度随深度变化，从而提出了地表以下的位移计算公式。他们的研究成果被广泛引用，但是由于其仅适用于黏性土，且假定地表处沉降槽宽度参数为0.5，因此在应用上受到很大的限制。在Mair公式的基础上，着重讨论了沉降槽宽度参数随地层深度的变化趋势，并提出了修正计算公式，不仅可以考虑地表沉降槽宽度参数与0.5相差较大的情况，还适用于砂类土地层，因此比Mair公式具有更广泛的适用性。  相似文献   

Mesoscale Analysis of a Heavy Rainfall Event over Hong Kong During a Pre-rainy Season in South China   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵思雄  贝耐芳  孙建华 《大气科学进展》2007,24(4):555-572

During the Heavy Rainfall Experiment in South China （HUAMEX） of 1998, a record heavy rainfall event occurred in the delta of the Pearl River during the 24 hours from 1200 UTC 8 June to 1200 UTC 9 June, 1998, and a 24-hour precipitation maximum of 574 mm was reported in Hong Kong. In this paper, some mesoscale characteristics of this heavy rainfall event are studied using data from satellites, Doppler radar, wind profilers, and automatic meteorological stations collected during HUAMEX. The following conclusions are drawn： （1） During this heavy rainfall event, there existed a favorable large-scale environment, that included a front with weak baroclinity in the heavy rain area and with an upward motion branch ahead of the front. （2） Unlike most extratropical or subtropical systems, the closed low in the geopotential height field does not exited. The obvious feature was that a southerly branch trough in the westerlies existed and Hong Kong was located ahead of the trough. （3） The rainfall areas were located in the warm sector ahead of the front, rather than in the frontal zone, which is one of the characteristics of heavy rainfalls during the pre-rainy season of South China. A southerly warm and moist current contributed to the heavy rainfall formation, including the transportation of rich water vapor and the creation of strong horizontal wind convergence. （4） The observations show that the heavy rainfall in Hong Kong was directly caused by a series of meso β systems rather than a mesoscale convective complex （MCC）. These meso β systems moved with the steering current in the lower-mid troposphere, their life cycles were 3-6 hours, and their horizontal sizes were 10-100 km. （5） The disturbances in the lower and mid troposphere, especially that in the planetary boundary layer （PBL） were very shallow. However, they are a possible trigger mechanism for the occurrence and development of the mesoscale convective systems and related heavy rainfalls. Finally, a conceptual model of the heav  相似文献   

广东2005年“3·22”强飑线天气过程分析   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

谢健标林良勋  颜文胜梁巧倩　刘燕 《应用气象学报》2007,18(3):321-329

利用地面常规及自动气象站观测、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料和多普勒雷达探测等资料, 对2005年3月22日广东一次近年罕见的强飑线过程进行了天气动力学和中尺度的诊断分析, 对伴随飑线的强风暴区天气系统配置、空间结构特征及其演变特征等作了深入的探讨, 同时计算了强对流天气发生区域的有关物理量, 从中发现了一些有意义的事实, 以求为以后广东春季强对流天气的监测和预警提供一些有益的帮助。  相似文献   

2006年7月1-4日河南省区域暴雨过程分析     

鲁坦  乔春贵  梁钰  谷秀杰  李周 《河南气象》2007,(Z1)

对2006年7月1-4日河南省区域暴雨过程进行诊断分析,并从热力、水汽、动力等方面探讨了区域性暴雨的成因。  相似文献