Impacts of Initial Perturbations on 24-h Sea-Level Pressure Predictions Near Typhoon Matsa          下载免费PDF全文

TAN Xiao-Wei  WANG Bin 《大气和海洋科学快报》2009,2(5):284-289

This study investigates the impact of uncertainty in initial conditions on 24-h sea-level pressure predictions near 0509 Typhoon Matsa by using conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP).The CNOP is calculated by using a newly proposed fast algorithm.The model used is the Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System (GRAPES).The sensitivity of the 24-h predictions is studied in terms of horizontal and vertical ranges and also in terms of different initial state variables.To study the sensitivity of 24-h sea-level pressure predictions to different initial state variables,four functions are given as metrics to find the sensitive initial locations.The results show that the main prediction errors come from initial uncertainty on the levels below 200 hPa and at the region south of about 37.6°N,with more sensitivity to initial winds than to other initial state variables.  相似文献   

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON A DYNAMIC ASYMMETRICAL TYPHOON INITIALIZATION SCHEME BASED ON 4D-VAR   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

袁炳  费建芳  王云峰  韩月琪 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2010,16(4):363-371

Axisymmetric bogus vortexes at sea level are usually used in the traditional bogus data assimilation (BDA) scheme. In the traditional scheme, the vortex could not accurately describe the specific characteristics of a typhoon, and the evolving real typhoon is forced to unreasonably adapt to this changeless vortex. For this reason, an asymmetrical typhoon bogus method with information blended from the analysis and the observation is put forward in this paper, in which the impact of the Subtropical High is also taken into consideration. With the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) and its adjoint model, a four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var) technique is employed to build a dynamic asymmetrical BDA scheme to assimilate different asymmetrical bogus vortexes at different time. The track and intensity of six summer typhoons much influenced by the Subtropical High are simulated and the results are compared. It is shown that the improvement in track simulation in the new scheme is more significant than that in the traditional scheme. Moreover, the periods for which the track cannot be simulated well by the traditional scheme can be improved with the new scheme. The results also reveal that although the simulated typhoon intensity in the new scheme is generally weaker than that in the traditional scheme, this trend enables the new scheme to simulate, in the later period, closer-to-observation intensity than the traditional scheme. However, despite the fact that the observed intensity has been largely weakened, the simulated intensity at later periods of the BDA schemes is still very intensive, resulting in overly development of the typhoon during the simulation. The limitation to the simulation effect of the BDA scheme due to this condition needs to be further studied.  相似文献   

热带大气季节内振荡对西北太平洋台风的调制作用   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

潘静  李崇银  宋洁 《大气科学》2010,34(6):1059-1070

利用澳大利亚气象局的RMM-MJO (Real-time Multivariate MJO) 指数, 分析研究了热带大气季节内振荡 (简称MJO) 对西北太平洋台风的调制作用及其机理, 结果表明MJO活动对西北太平洋台风的生成有比较明显调制作用。在MJO活跃期, 对流中心位于赤道东印度洋 (即MJO第2、3位相) 和对流中心越过海洋性大陆来到西太平洋地区 (即MJO 第5、6位相) 时台风生成的个数比例为2∶1。本文对西太平洋地区的大气环流场进行了多种气象要素的合成分析, 在MJO的不同位相, 西太平洋地区的动力因子分布形势有很明显不同。在第2、3位相, 各种因子均呈现出抑制西太平洋地区对流及台风发展的态势; 而在第5、6位相则明显有促进对流发生发展, 为台风生成和发展创造了有利条件的大尺度环流动力场。这说明MJO 在不断东移的过程中, 将改变大气环流形势, 最终影响了台风的生成和发展。接着, 我们从积云对流这个联系台风和MJO的重要因子出发, 研究了不同MJO位相时凝结加热的水平和垂直分布, 以及与台风环流、 水汽通量的配置情况。结果表明在MJO不同位相, 热源分布明显不同, 而这种水平和垂直方向的不同分布特征必然反映潜热释放和有效位能向有效动能转换的差异, 再与水汽的辐合辐散相配合, 就从台风获得的能量角度揭示了大气MJO调节台风的生成和发展, 造成不同位相时台风生成有根本差别的原因。  相似文献   

大气季节内振荡对西北太平洋台风路径的影响研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

田华  李崇银  杨辉 《大气科学》2010,34(3):559-579

台风路径一直是天气预报的难点之一。本文研究了大气季节内振荡 (ISO) 对西北太平洋台风路径的影响, 指出大气ISO对台风路径预报有重要参考意义。细化传统台风路径的划分方法, 将台风路径进一步分为5种: 西移型、 西北移型、 日本以西型、 日本登陆型、 日本以东型。分别对不同路径的台风所对应的低频流场进行超前滞后合成分析, 发现台风生成时850 hPa低频气旋的正涡度带走向往往预示着台风的未来走向, 200 hPa低频环流形势, 意味着上层引导气流的方向, 对台风的路径也有一定的指示作用。低频流场演变特征表明, 大气ISO在对流层低层到中层通过低频气旋或低频反气旋的环流形势影响季风槽及副热带高压的位置和强度, 从而影响台风的活动。低频气旋的作用使台风易于沿着低频气旋的正涡度带移动。菲律宾以东热带地区生成的低频气旋的加强有利于季风槽的加强和东伸, 另外, 它的经向北传对副热带高压的位置也有影响。在副热带地区存在大气ISO流型以低频波列的形式向西传播, 对副热带高压的季节内时间尺度东西振荡有重要作用。热带与副热带地区大气ISO的共同作用, 对台风路径有决定性意义。初步认为, 对于西移路径和西北移路径, 热带大气ISO的影响起着更为重要的作用; 对于日本登陆型和日本以东型路径, 副热带大气ISO的影响起着更为重要的作用。大气季节内振荡的环流场可以作为台风路径预报的依据之一。  相似文献   

A METHOD OF ESTIMATING TYPHOON CENTRAL WIND BASED ON SEA LEVEL PRESSURE OF THE TYPHOON YEARBOOK OF CHINA     

邹燕  赵平  乔林 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2010,16(1):20-26

Based on the Typhoon Yearbook data (1980–2000), some wind-pressure fitting relationships were established for different typhoon intensity at the different latitudes of the western North Pacific. As shown in validations with the 2001-2005 data, the relationships (namely, those between minimum sea level pressure (SLP) and maximum sustained wind near a typhoon center) are stable. They may be applied to correct the overestimated typhoon wind speeds in earlier years (1950–1979). Statistical analysis showed that the stronger the typhoon, the more stable this wind-pressure relationship is. Moreover, it is more stable at the lower latitude belt (10°N–30°N). On the basis of this result, a methodology of correcting typhoon’s wind speeds and frequency in these years was put forward, and the climatological series were reconstructed of yearly total typhoon frequencies over the western North Pacific in 1950-1979 and indices were determined of destructive power of typhoons in the offshore regions of China.  相似文献   

The Sensitive Regions Identified by CNOPs of Three Typhoon Events          下载免费PDF全文

QIN Xiao-Hao 《大气和海洋科学快报》2010,3(3):170-175

In this paper, several sets of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) were designed for three typhoon cases to determine whether or not the additional observation data in the sensitive regions identified by conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations (CNOPs) could improve the short-range forecast of typhoons. The results show that the CNOPs capture the sensitive regions for typhoon forecasts, which implies that conducting additional observation in these specific regions and eliminating initial errors could reduce forecast errors. It is inferred from the results that dropping sondes in the CNOP sensitive regions could lead to improvements in typhoon forecasts.  相似文献   

近50年台湾东部台风强降雨事件的强度与频率变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张伯宇 《地理科学进展》2012,31(1):46-55

本研究以曾发布台风警报和最大24小时降雨量不小于50 mm为标准,分别在台湾东部的宜兰、花莲、成功、台东、大武、兰屿等6处测候站1960-2009年的观测资料中,界定出117～151次不等的台风强降雨事件,并取最大24小时降雨量和年次数为强度与频率指标,采用非母数统计验证方法,检视各测候站研究年期内台风强降雨事件之强度和频率序列的趋势变化与阶段变化。分析结果显示,整体而言研究区内台风强降雨事件的降雨强度无显著的变化,但发生频率在1980-1990年间出现跃升之现象。由于晚近台风强降雨事件的发生频率较以往为高,致灾风险相对提升,未来台湾东部地区防灾意识的强化和因应能力的固实有其必要性。  相似文献   

FY-3A微波资料偏差订正及台风路径预报应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

杜明斌  杨引明  杨玉华  张洁  朱雪松 《应用气象学报》2012,23(1):89-95

我国极轨气象卫星FY-3A大大增强了对地球系统的综合探测能力,而偏差订正对卫星资料的应用非常必要。试验中FY-3A卫星微波资料的偏差订正方案是在Harris等的TOVS辐射资料偏差订正经验方法的基础上结合WRF-3DVAR系统发展的,偏差订正后微波资料各通道拟合结果基本位于主对角线上,大多数卫星观测数据与观测算子利用背景场计算的亮温值分布趋于合理,偏差得到很大程度的降低。偏差订正后,利用数值模式直接同化FY-3A气象卫星微波资料,通过对2008年和2009年的4个台风进行预报评估表明:同化FY-3A气象卫星资料后路径预报能力提高明显,尤其是36 h后路径预报结果;同化FY-3A气象卫星微波资料后台风预报路径误差平均降低20%,而只同化常规资料路径误差仅仅降低了4%。  相似文献   

双雷达反演台风外围强带状回波风场结构特征研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

罗昌荣  池艳珍  周海光 《大气科学》2012,36(2):247-258

利用移动新一代天气雷达 (CINRAD/CCJ) 和长乐新一代天气雷达 (CINRAD/SA) 基数据, 采用地球坐标系下的双雷达三维风场反演技术, 重点分析了2007年8月18日凌晨超强台风 “圣帕” 外围强带状回波的风场特征。结果表明, 带状回波具有以下特征: (1) 强盛阶段, 每个强回波中心在前进方向的右侧或右后侧对应于强东偏北风速中心 (强风核), 其中最强回波中心前侧还存在弱风速中心。这样的水平风场结构从低层一直保持到中层, 使得强回波区对应于水平辐合和正涡度区, 产生明显的上升运动, 有助于对流的发展和维持。强盛阶段云体快速移动。相对于移动的云体来说, 前侧及后侧中低层气流均指向强回波, 在强回波区及后侧水平辐合形成上升气流, 最大上升速度出现在强回波中心与北侧强风核之间。同时在强回波上空高层出现辐散, 气流主要向后流出。 (2) 减弱阶段, 较强回波中心或其北侧对应于弱风速中心, 回波中心出现负涡度区。云体移速变慢。相对于移动的云体来说, 偏东气流穿过云体。回波区气流辐合较弱, 明显的上升区出现在中层较强回波近台风中心一侧。(3) 强风核可以将位于带状回波前进方向后侧的处于减弱阶段螺旋云带的动量和水汽向带状回波发展区输送, 因此, 强风核结构很可能是带状回波快速发展的主要原因。  相似文献   

一次变性台风再增强过程的敏感性试验     

周毅  宋辉  肖坤  李昀英 《热带气象学报》2012,28(3):289-299

采用位涡反演技术与数值模拟相结合的方法,通过初值敏感性试验和物理量场的诊断分析,对台风变性后再度增强的影响因子和物理机制进行了深入的分析和研究。结果表明:台风低压由变性减弱转为发展增强主要是由于台风低压环流与西风带斜压锋区之间的相互作用所造成的,随着高空冷涡低槽的加深南下和台风低压的继续北上,两个系统之间的距离逐渐减小,西风带高空槽与台风低压之间相互作用的正反馈机制逐步成为台风变性后强烈加深发展的主要原因。  相似文献