Subduction and exhumation mechanisms of ultra‐high and high‐pressure oceanic and continental crust at Makbal (Tianshan,Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan)     

M. Meyer  R. Klemd  E. Hegner  D. Konopelko 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2014,32(8):861-884

The Makbal Complex in the northern Tianshan of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan consists of metasedimentary rocks, which host high‐P (HP) mafic blocks and ultra‐HP Grt‐Cld‐Tlc schists (UHP as indicated by coesite relicts in garnet). Whole rock major and trace element signatures of the Grt‐Cld‐Tlc schist suggest a metasomatized protolith from either hydrothermally altered oceanic crust in a back‐arc basin or arc‐related volcaniclastics. Peak metamorphic conditions of the Grt‐Cld‐Tlc schist reached ~580 °C and 2.85 GPa corresponding to a maximum burial depth of ~95 km. A Sm‐Nd garnet age of 475 ± 4 Ma is interpreted as an average growth age of garnet during prograde‐to‐peak metamorphism; the low initial εΝd value of ?11 indicates a protolith with an ancient crustal component. The petrological evidence for deep subduction of oceanic crust poses questions with respect to an effective exhumation mechanism. Field relationships and the metamorphic evolution of other HP mafic oceanic rocks embedded in continentally derived metasedimentary rocks at the central Makbal Complex suggest that fragments of oceanic crust and clastic sedimentary rocks were exhumed from different depths in a subduction channel during ongoing subduction and are now exposed as a tectonic mélange. Furthermore, channel flow cannot only explain a tectonic mélange consisting of various rock types with different subduction histories as present at the central Makbal Complex, but also the presence of a structural ‘dome’ with UHP rocks in the core (central Makbal) surrounded by lower pressure nappes (including mafic dykes in continental crust) and voluminous metasedimentary rocks, mainly derived from the accretionary wedge.  相似文献   

大气压电离质谱及其用于超高纯气体分析研究进展     

张体强  胡树国  韩桥 《岩矿测试》2014,33(6):775-781

超高纯气体在工业生产中有非常重要的地位,如半导体工业中电子气的质量直接影响半导体器件的性能,百万分之几的微量杂质气体便可导致集成电路中元件存储信息量的减少。越来越高的气体纯度要求对分析方法及仪器的灵敏度提出了很大的挑战。大气压电离质谱(APIMS)由于可以在大气压条件下对杂质进行电离,并伴随高效的电离方式,因此具有极高的灵敏度,成为超高纯气体杂质分析中极为有效的技术手段,特别适合检测10^-9 mol/mol甚至10^-12 mol/mol浓度量级的气体杂质。APIMS采用电晕放电及⁶³Ni两种电离源,通常以电晕放电电离源为主,质量分析器常采用四极杆,同时为适应超高纯气体分析,APIMS配备了气体进样系统及可将标准气体稀释产生校正气体的稀释系统。APIMS对杂质检测的灵敏度与杂质的电离方式密切相关,电荷传递是杂质电离最主要的一种方式,适用于电离能相差较大的底气与杂质,常见的N₂、Ar由于电离能较高,其中的大部分杂质均可依靠该方式测定;质子转移反应的应用通常与H₂有关,常用于H₂中杂质的测定,也可以通过添加H₂的方法促进对Ar中N₂杂质的检测;运用形成团簇离子的反应尽管较少,但亦有报道,通过监测团簇离子O₂⁺·H₂O,可提高O₂中杂质H₂O的检测灵敏度。依据不同的电离反应,可以设计对不同杂质的测定方式,实现对痕量、超痕量杂质的检测。APIMS检测灵敏度通常比电子轰击电离质谱(EI/MS)高10⁴~10⁶倍,因此目前依然是超高纯气体分析中不可替代的仪器方法,但在某些方面如对有腐蚀性电子特气的分析,方法灵敏度有待提高。  相似文献   

超高温麻粒岩中尖晶石成分、结构特征和矿物反应的指示意义:以阿尔泰造山带超高温尖晶石-斜方辉石-石榴石麻粒岩为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

厉子龙  汪惠惠  陈汉林  肖文交  杨树锋  胡逸洲 《地学前缘》2010,17(1)

超高温变质作用的研究已成为世界上热门的地球科学领域之一,其中斜方辉石+夕线石+石英、假蓝宝石+石英、尖晶石+石英、大隅石+石英以及富铝斜方辉石等标型矿物组合和特征可以指示岩石经历了超高温变质作用(温度>900℃),这对查明地球深部下地壳的物质组成和构造演化具有重要意义。初次对产于世界上不同地区超高温麻粒岩尖晶石+石英共生等的标型矿物组合、不同赋存状态的尖晶石ZnO含量、XZn[Zn/(Mg+Fe2++Zn)]、XMg等进行分析和对比,认为不同地区不同赋存状态的尖晶石,其ZnO含量、XZn和XMg有所不同,但总的来说,超高温麻粒岩尖晶石中ZnO质量分数多数低于2.5%,但个别特殊的有高达近15%。尖晶石中XZn较低且尖晶石与石英共生,可以作为超高温变质的证据之一。通过对阿尔泰南缘超高温尖晶石-斜方辉石-石榴石麻粒岩中尖晶石成分及ZnO含量分析,得出与石英共生的尖晶石ZnO质量分数约为2.50%,且有与XFe成正比的变化趋势,而与钛铁矿共生的尖晶石ZnO质量分数约为1.85%,虽然两者含量稍有不同,但与世界上超高温麻粒岩中多数尖晶石ZnO含量相比都相近。结合其他特征矿物组合,可以确定该岩石中尖晶石与石英共生组合可以作为阿尔泰地区发生超高温变质作用的证据。通过对阿尔泰南缘与尖晶石-石英有关的变质反应期次划分等的初步研究,认为变质期次可划分为峰期变质和退变质两期,推测峰期的温度条件可达到1000℃,且该超高温麻粒岩可能经历了顺时针p-T演化轨迹。该超高温麻粒岩在阿尔泰造山带的出现,可能与古生代时期发生的古亚洲洋俯冲、西伯利亚板块和哈萨克斯坦—准噶尔板块碰撞造山作用过程有关。  相似文献   

深厚漂卵石地层中超大直径钻井冲抓工艺的研究及应用          下载免费PDF全文

张宁  杨宗仁  袁洁  杨广  刘占军 《探矿工程》2011,38(11):65-67

介绍了在直径8.3 m、深度285 m钻井井筒内,应用冲抓锥抓取漂卵石进尺并与回转钻进工艺相结合,完成超大直径钻井的工艺技术。主要包括冲抓设备参数的选取、冲抓工艺及技术参数的确定等。  相似文献   

超短基线定位原理及校正方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

王德刚  韩富江  来向华  苟诤慷  傅晓明 《海洋科学》2011,35(2):77-81

通过探讨超短基线和GPS技术相结合的三维立体定位原理,分析超短基线定位误差来源,如安装偏差、声速误差、船姿态变化引起的偏差等,利用以最小二乘法为理论基础的动态校正法对超短基线定位误差进行了修正,将校正前后的定位数据标准偏差和剩余偏差处理后对比发现,这种方法可以极大地提高水下目标定位的精度,减少定位的误差,这也在实际应用...  相似文献   

豫东地区中深孔厚覆盖地层钻探套管护壁和泥浆护壁效果对比     

翟东旭 《探矿工程》2013,40(8):6-9,17

阐述了河南省新蔡县焦庄铁矿预查钻孔施工工艺和河南省睢县煤矿预查太康县煤孔施工工艺,通过对比2个矿区施工的经验教训,分析了套管护壁和泥浆护壁在豫东地区的适应性。  相似文献   

Seismic performance of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete composite frame joints   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Changwang Yan  Jinqing Jia 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2010,9(3):439-448

To investigate the seismic performance of a composite frame comprised of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete (SRUHSC) columns and steel reinforced concrete (SRC) beams, six interior frame joint specimens were designed and tested under low cyclically lateral load. The effects of the axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio were studied on the characteristics of the frame joint performance including crack pattern, failure mode, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, strength degradation and rigidity degradation. It was found that all joint specimens behaved in a ductile manner with flexural-shear failure in the joint core region while plastic hinges appeared at the beam ends. The ductility and energy absorption capacity of joints increased as the axial load ratio decreased and the volumetric stirrup ratio increased. The displacement ductility coefficient and equivalent damping coefficient of the joints fell between the corresponding coefficients of the steel reinforced concrete (SRC) frame joint and RC frame joint. The axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio have less influence on the strength degradation and more influence on the stiffness degradation. The stiffness of the joint degrades more significantly for a low volumetric stirrup ratio and high axial load ratio. The characteristics obtained from the SRUHSC composite frame joint specimens with better seismic performance may be a useful reference in future engineering applications.  相似文献   

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章迪  尹晖  郭际明  周命端 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,33(5):58-62

??????????????????·??GPS????????????????1 000 kV?????????·?????????????·?????????????????????·??????????????????￡?????GPS?????????????????????GPS???????й????????TEQC????????????????????μ?????????P1??P2??·????L1??L2????????????????????????GPS????????????????????????????????????????????·????????λ??GPS????δ?????????????  相似文献   

超高韧性水泥基材料新型框架节点性能研究     

苏骏  徐世烺 《世界地震工程》2012,28(2):110-114

进行了9个超高韧性水泥基复合材料(UHTCC)新型框架节点的抗震试验。研究了轴压比和核心区箍筋间距对新型节点承载能力、滞回特性和耗能能力的影响。结果表明,UHTCC节点出现了大量裂缝间距仅为1mm左右的微细斜向裂缝,节点的开裂荷载和抗剪承载力都有明显的提高。UHTCC材料可降低甚至消除节点核芯区箍筋的用量。在试验基础上,对UHTCC新型框架节点的开裂荷载和极限承载力进行了理论计算,计算值和试验结果总体吻合较好。  相似文献   

超长混凝土框架梁弹性内力行波效应研究     

蒋中林  张新培  高少波  伍松 《世界地震工程》2012,28(1):147-156

鉴于超长混凝土框架结构行波效应规律尚缺乏系统研究,借助建筑结构通用有限元软件MI-DAS/GEN,采用一致与非一致两种激励方式对165～1100m/s地震波速作用下长度为33～264m的3层钢筋混凝土框架结构进行弹性时程分析。通过对比一致与非一致激励下的梁弯矩、剪力和轴力,详细讨论了其随波速、长度以及不同部位的变化规律。研究表明:波速越慢,模型越长,行波效应越明显。框架梁弯矩的增大作用主要集中在264m模型第1层两端,减小作用表现在各模型第1层中部和第2、3层的梁上;剪力与弯矩有相似的变化规律;梁中存在拉力与压力,中部各梁的拉力和压力较两端的梁要大。  相似文献