加载速度对断层-围岩系统变形及快速回跳的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王学滨 《岩土力学》2006,27(2):242-246

在平面应变状态下,采用拉格朗日元法模拟了加载速度对断层-围岩系统形成时的应力水平、塑性区尺寸及剪切带图案、系统的最大承载能力以及快速回跳发生时的应力水平的影响。在数值计算中,采用了莫尔-库仑与拉破坏复合的破坏准则。峰后岩石的本构关系为线性应变软化。通常断层带-围岩系统形成之后系统的承载能力达到最大,之后系统的承载能力开始下降处于应变软化状态。当位于试样加载端上的单元的压缩应力-压缩位移曲线的峰后刚度足够大时,系统就会发生弹性回跳现象,即失稳破坏。随着加载速度的增加,断层带-围岩系统形成时的应力水平、断层带-围岩系统的最大承载能力、快速回跳发生时的应力水平及上述三者所对应的加载端部位移都增加,屈服单元数目增多,塑性区域不再保持平直,这都将大大增加系统的变形阻力。当加载速度较大时,较高的剪切应变率集中在断层带位置及断层带之外的弹性体的某些区域都是可能的。  相似文献   

一次冷涡背景下强对流不稳定条件的成因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李云静  张建春  王捷纯  方纯纯 《气象》2013,39(2):210-217

利用常规观测资料及NCEP再分析资料,在分析环流背景、探空资料的基础上,通过选取不同的高度和温度,对比研究四种CAPE以及CAPE场与地面要素场的关系,对发生在辽宁沈阳的一次冷涡背景下的强对流天气进行不稳定条件成因分析.结果表明,水汽潜热是不稳定能量的主要组成部分,冷涡背景下低层暖湿平流、高层冷干平流有利于不稳定能量的累积,从而导致强对流天气的发生;对流温度CAPE可以反映午后发生强对流所必需的不稳定能量,对强对流天气预报具有一定指示意义.  相似文献   

Approximate general solution of 2-degrees of freedom dynamical systems using `les solutions precieuses'     

C.L. Goudas  K.E. Papadakis  E. Valaris 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,286(3-4):461-486

This paper presents the procedure of a computational scheme leading to approximate general solution of the axi-symmetric,2-degrees of freedom dynamical systems. Also the results of application of this scheme in two such systems of the non-linear double oscillator with third and fifth order potentials in position variables. Their approximate general solution is constructed by computing a dense set of families of periodic solutions and their presentation is made through plots of initial conditions. The accuracy of the approximate general solution is defined by two error parameters, one giving a measure of the accuracy of the integration and calculation of periodic solutions procedure, and the second the density in the initial conditions space of the periodic solutions calculated. Due to the need to compute families of periodic solutions of large periods the numerical integrations were carried out using the eighth order, variable step, R-K algorithm, which secured for almost all results presented here conservation of the energy constant between 10^-9 and 10^-12 for single runs of any and all solutions. The accuracy of the approximate general solution is controlled by increasing the number of family curves and also by `zooming' into parts of the space of initial conditions. All families of periodic solutions were checked for their stability. The computation of such families within areas of `deterministic chaos' did not encounter any difficulty other than poorer precision. Furthermore, on the basis of the stability study of the computed families, the boundaries of areas of `order' and `chaos' were approximately defined. On the basis of these results it is concluded that investigations in thePoincaré sections have to disclose 3 distinct types of areas of `order' and 2 distinct types of areas of `chaos'. Verification of the `order'/`chaos' boundary calculation was made by working out several Poincaré surfaces of sections. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Numerical Investigation of the Galactic Problem by Computing Families of Periodic Solutions     

C. L. Goudas  K. E. Papadakis  G. A. Katsiaris 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2006,301(1-4):97-116

The galactic dynamical system expressed by a third-order axisymmetric polynomial potential is investigated numerically by computing periodic solutions. We define as Sthe compact set of initial conditions generating bounded motions, and as S ^p , with S ^p ? S, the countable set of all initial conditions generating periodic solutions. Then, we consider the subsets S _s ^p and S _a ^p of S ^p , where S _s ^p ∪ S _a ^p = S ^p , S _s ^p S _a ^p = Ø, the first of which corresponds to symmetric periodic solutions, and the second to asymmetric solutions. Then, we approximate the set S _s ^p , leaving treatment of the set S _a ^p of asymmetric solutions for a future publication. The set S _s ^p is known to be dense in S (‘Last Geometric Theorem of Poincar;’, Birkhoff, 1913). Using a computer programme capable to locate all elements of the set S _s ^p that generate symmetric periodic solutions that re-enter after intersecting the axis of symmetry from 1 to ntimes. The results of the approximation of S _s ^p in the total domain and in the sample sub-domains of zooming, we present in graphical form as family curves in the (x, C) plane. The solutions located with the largest periods re-enter after 440 galaxy revolutions while the families calculated fully (initial conditions, period, energy, stability co-efficient) include solutions that re-enter after 340 galaxy revolutions. To advance further the approximation of the set S _s ^p thus obtained, we applied the same procedure inside eight sub-domains of the domain Sinto which we ‘zoomed’ through selection of finer search steps and double maximum periods. The family curves thus calculated presented in the (x, C) plane do not intersect anywhere in some sub-domains and their pattern resembles that of laminar flow. In other sub-domains, however, we found family curves from which branching families emanate. The concepts of completeand non-completeapproximation of S _s ^p in sub-domains of laminar and sub-domains with branching family curves, respectively, is introduced. Also, the concept of basic family of order1, 2, ..., n, are defined. The morphology of individual periodic solutions of all families is investigated, and the types of envelopes found are described. The approximate set S _s ^p was also checked by computing Poincar; sections for energy values corresponding to the mean energy range of the eight sub-domains of zooming mentioned above. These sections show that most parts of the compact domain in Sgenerating non-periodic but bounded solutions correspond to with well-shaped tori that intersect the x-axis, a fact that implies that dominant to exclusive type of periodic solutions are the symmetric ones with two normal crossings of this axis. The presence of non-symmetric periodic solutions as well as of chaotic regions is encountered. All calculations reported here were performed using the variable step R-K 8th-order direct integration and setting the allowable energy variation Δ C= |C _start? C _end| < 10^?13. The output, consisting of many thousands of families and their properties (initial conditions, morphology, stability, etc.), is stored in a directory entitled ‘Atlas of the Symmetric Periodic Solution of the Galactic Motion Problem’.  相似文献   

兰州九州开发区不稳定斜坡勘查治理分析——以106队兰州基地东侧不稳定斜坡为例     

毛歆燕  侯军林 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(2):39-42,59

甘肃有色地勘局106队部东侧的不稳定斜坡位于兰州市九州开发区黄河北岸、罗锅沟左岸沟谷斜坡地带。勘查查明,不稳定斜坡中下部及坡脚地带为古近系砂质泥岩,斜坡中上部和坡顶为第四系全新统人工堆积物;其形成原因与地形地貌、地质构造、工程地质特征、降雨、地下水、人类工程活动等有关。根据定性分析和定量计算,认为勘查区斜坡现状处于不稳定状态,其失稳产生崩塌、滑坡的可能性大,最危险滑裂面位于填土和基岩的接触面;拟建工程建设遭受其危害的可能性及危险性中等。建议在治理斜坡时,坡脚挡土墙工程选用浅基础型式,跨越浅沟段(15m)可采用桩基础形式,以砂质泥岩作为基础持力层,并严格防止地表水渗入砂质泥岩地基。为区内不稳定斜坡的治理,防灾减灾提供了依据。  相似文献   

三峡库区望霞危岩体变形破坏过程的综合监测与险情预报     

乐琪浪  蔡玲玲  王洪德  高幼龙  金枭豪  张仲林 《现代地质》2014,(5)

三峡库区巫山县望霞危岩体于2010年及2011年两次发生大面积变形破坏,采用全站仪、裂缝位移、GPS等方法对危岩体进行了长期的变形监测,并通过地质基础的调查、监测方案的设计、监测数据的处理、宏观现象的分析,两次成功地对危岩体的垮塌变形实现了预警预报,避免了重大伤亡。研究结果显示,危岩体具有渐变和突变两种类型,在不同的变形阶段应采用相应的监测方法和监测频率,应以地质调查为基础,以监测危岩体关键部位为原则,监测数据的分析要密切结合宏观现象,从后缘、崖壁、崖底全面把握危岩体变形趋势。提出危岩体的监测应做到"详调查、细部署、观现象、握趋势、准预报"5原则,即"望霞经验"。"望霞经验"可以为危岩体的监测工作提供参考。  相似文献   

钟形地形动力抬升和重力波传播与地形云和降水形成关系研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

郭欣  郭学良  付丹红  牛生杰 《大气科学》2013,37(4):786-800

地形云和降水过程在区域水循环、水资源、生态环境及气候变化中具有十分重要的作用。本文利用中尺度数值模式WRF 数值模拟试验,以及通过引入表示大气层流速度、层结稳定度和地形特征的关系参数——湿Froude 数(F_w),研究了北京2009 年5 月1 日湿条件不稳定大气层结下,地形云和降水形成过程与地形动力抬升和地形重力波传播之间的关系及形成机理。研究表明,在地形最大高度2 km、半宽10 km 的条件下,层流速度从2.5 m/s 逐步增加到25 m/s 时,对应的湿F_w 数从0.19 增加到1.81。当F_w≤1 时,地形的阻挡起主要作用,由地形抬升形成的地形云主要产生在迎风坡一侧。地形重力波主要产生在迎风坡,并向上游传播,先形成层状云,最后演变为准稳定浅对流波状云。最大降水主要发生在紧靠山顶的迎风坡一侧,但当F_w 很小时,地形云不产生降水。当F_w>1 时,地形抬升形成的云主要发生在山顶附近,而地形重力波主要形成在背风坡,并向下游方向传播,形成准稳定波状云。最大降水主要产生在紧靠山顶的背风坡一侧。另外,在弱湿条件不稳定大气层流下,地形降水主要由地形动力抬升造成的暖云微物理过程产生,地形重力波形成的波状云几乎不产生降水。  相似文献   

金斗乡凉水井不稳定斜坡评价与防治     

王义喜  李军 《四川地质学报》2012,32(3):351-355

不稳定斜坡是贵州省威宁县最为常见的一种灾害类型,土质不稳定斜坡形成的基本条件与土质滑坡相似,岩质不稳定斜坡形成的基本条件与崩塌相似.在不稳定斜坡地质灾害中,自然土质不稳定斜坡占绝大多数,其中金斗乡凉水井不稳定斜坡为一典型土质不稳定斜坡,对其稳定性分析与评价具有代表性.  相似文献   

窦圃山云岩寺震后地质病害特征及变形原因     

姚伟  邓安  彭涛 《四川地质学报》2013,(3):308-312

窦圃山云岩寺江油市位于陡崖绝壁上方,受“5．12”特大地震的影响,产生了崩塌危害,出现了落石、开裂等现象,对寺庙建筑造成了严重破坏。本文简述了云岩寺病害周边的地形地貌、地质构造、地层岩性等工程地质条件。通过详细调查,查明了云岩寺病害的分布、规模及危害特征。最后,综合分析了病害产生的原因,指出地震是云岩寺病害发生的直接诱因,为类似区域文物的保护提供参考资料。  相似文献   

重庆市云阳县磨子岭危岩研究与治理   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

叶四桥  唐良琴  陈洪凯  唐红梅 《地质灾害与环境保护》2005,16(1):17-22

危岩治理应充分认识其发育的环境条件,在正确分类的基础上．结合排水和监测工程．采取综合治理措施有效治理．确保危岩整体和局部稳定性。本文以云阳县磨子岭危岩治理工程为例．阐述了危岩治理的原则与措施。  相似文献