Spring-summer climatological circulation in the upper layer in the region of Cape St. Vincent, Southwest Portugal     

Sanchez  Ricardo F.; Relvas  Paulo 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2003,60(6):1232-1250

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南海南部ODP1143站晚中新世沉积硅藻记录   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陆钧  陈木宏  王汝建  V.S.PUSHKAR 《热带海洋学报》2003,22(5):1-7

对ODPl84航次采获的南海南部1143站晚中新世沉积132个样品硅藻的研究表明，晚中新世上部至中部极少或没有硅藻，而底部硅藻丰富。基于Nitzschia marina初现面、Coscin—odiscus yabei的末现面划分出部分的Nitzschia porteri和Coscinodiscus yabei带，1143站的底部年龄应小于11．3MaB．P．.硅藻丰度及大于60μm个体含量的变化反映了南海南部在8．6MaB．P．以前上升流活动很频繁，8．38—8．27MaB．P．期间有较强的活动。硅藻组合的分析表明，1143站311．14、390．92、414．28及439．7—444．68m层位中存在着来自沿岸浅海的浊流沉积；469．98—475．18m层位中存在再沉积现象。  相似文献   

Modelling Thermohaline Properties in an Estuarine Upwelling Ecosystem (Ría de Vigo: NW Spain) Using Box-Jenkins Transfer Function Models     

E. Nogueira  F. F. Prez  A. F. Ríos 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1997,44(6)

Since 1987, twice weekly, hydrological variables have been monitored at a fixed station in the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain), aiming to examine the time scales of variability and the relationships to meteorological conditions. The present paper analyses: (1) the advantage of Box-Jenkins transfer function (TF) models (single output–multiple input), a type of linear stochastic model, to describe the dynamic behaviour of the system; and (2) the coupling between the Ría and meteorological events at the time scale of autonomy of this coastal inlet affected by the Iberian coastal upwelling, approximately a fortnightly period. In order to achieve these objectives, thermohaline properties have been used to characterize the estuarine ecosystem (output variables), while wind regime, runoff in the drainage basin and incoming solar radiation have been considered as the main forcing variables (input variables). The use of the amplitude time series, derived from principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the deseasonalized meteorological variables, is also explored as a different set of input variables.When compared with standard regression models, all TF models built to describe thermohaline behaviour had reduced residual variance. Similar TF models, as well as percentage of explained variance, were also obtained when meteorological variables or the amplitude time series were used as input variables. The fitted TF models provided an insight into the ‘ inertial ’ behaviour of the system and the time scales of coupling of the system with the forcing variables. The plausible physical mechanisms which link the response of the system with the observed meteorological variability are also discussed. As could be expected, bottom thermohaline properties show a stronger inertial behaviour than the surface ones, which is particularly marked for bottom temperature. Besides, the shelf domain, by means of upwelling-downwelling events, strongly influences surface and bottom temperature, as well as bottom salinity; by contrast, surface salinity is mainly influenced by the effect of wind along the main axis of the Ría and runoff. In relation to the time scales of coupling between the system and the forcing variables, thermohaline properties show a dependance with the meteorological conditions in, at least, the immediately preceding fortnight period. It was concluded that: (1) TF models that incorporate meteorological information described the dynamic behaviour of the system adequately; and (2) this type of model can be useful as a first approximation to develop more sophisticated (deterministic) models, since, with the purpose of modelling any state variable of the system, both the coupling between different domains and the time scales of the interactions must be taken into account.  相似文献   

岩浆岩定位机制的新类型——螺旋上冲   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭玉鲸  殷长建  张艳玲 《吉林地质》2009,28(1):1-5

通过对望天龙含铬超基性岩、凤凰山含铜（铁）花岗闪长岩-石英二长闪长岩、以及老君山南温河花岗岩等多个岩体构造资料的再分析,确认该类岩体的定位机制不同于当前国内外所提出的：穹窿、底辟、气球膨胀、岩墙扩展,顶蚀、火口陷落和三元复合机制。显示为一种新的类型：即由岩浆于岩浆房产生螺旋运动携带着巨大的动能呈螺旋上冲扩展而侵位到上地壳乃至表壳层中,可简称其为“螺旋上冲”定位机制。  相似文献   

大别造山带天柱山中酸性岩起源及地质意义     

刘磊  徐夕生 《高校地质学报》2011,17(1):136-150

天柱山岩体是大别造山带具代表性的中生代中酸性岩体,为两阶段岩浆侵入形成。早阶段角闪石英二长岩具有较大 的SiO2含量变化范围（59.83%~70.12%）,全碱含量为7.02%~9.56%,晚阶段黑云母二长花岗岩SiO2含量为72.46%~78.65%, 具较高的全碱含量（8.05%~10.22%）,两者可归为钙碱性-碱钙性花岗岩类;它们明显富集Rb,Th,K等大离子亲石元素 和Pb,U元素,显著亏损Nb,Ta,Ti等高场强元素;与早阶段相比,晚阶段具显著的Eu负异常,表明其经历了斜长石的分 离结晶过程。Sr,Nd同位素特征显示,天柱山中酸性岩可能来源于化学组成与北大别变质杂岩类似的古老的下地壳物质。 LA-ICP-MS定年结果显示天柱山岩体的侵位年龄为（127±1）Ma~（131±1）Ma,与大别山大规模分布的中酸性岩及基性- 超基性岩的侵位年龄（120~135 Ma）一致。天柱山花岗岩是在陆内伸展的构造环境中形成的,早白垩世大别造山带大规模 岩浆热事件的产生与岩石圈拆沉和软流圈上涌有关,古太平洋板块俯冲远程效应加剧了大别造山带在早白垩世的拉伸,从 而导致岩石圈拆沉。  相似文献   

上拱力背景下正断裂剖面形态及极限应力状态研究     

宋随宏  陈书平  何明宇 《地质力学学报》2012,18(2):149-157

上拱力构造背景下形成的正断裂及断裂极限应力状态研究在构造解释和油气运移成藏中具有重要的意义。在抛物线型莫尔包络线理论的基础上,通过合理的假设和数学推导以及理论模拟,进一步探讨上拱力构造背景影响下形成的正断裂剖面形态和断裂的极限应力状态,并定量给出函数表达式。研究结果表明,断裂在均质岩体中由浅到深,倾角从竖直开始由大变小,呈铲状断裂,而变化的速率只与地层物性有关,泥岩比砂岩变化快。断裂分布的深度与上拱力的大小成一次线性关系,上拱力越大,断裂分布越浅。砂泥岩互层地层中发育有典型的坡坪式正断裂。研究结果不仅与普遍认识相一致,而且可以进一步在实际应用中预测断裂的存在,定量解释断裂形态,求取上拱力和断裂极限应力状态。   相似文献   

SST observations of upwelling induced by tidal straining in the Rhine ROFI     

Gerben J. de Boer  Julie D. Pietrzak  Johan C. Winterwerp 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

In this paper SST imagery and a three-dimensional numerical model of a river plume were employed to detect upwelling induced by tidal straining in the Rhine ROFI (region of fresh water influence). Previous studies have shown that the Rhine ROFI in the North Sea exhibits strong cross-shore density gradients that compete with tidal and wind mixing to establish stratification. During neap periods with low mixing energy an area measuring 30 km offshore by 100 km alongshore becomes stratified. When the ROFI is stratified strong cross-shore currents are observed, with surface currents rotating anti-cyclonically and bottom currents rotating cyclonically. The cross-shore currents interact with the cross-shore density gradients to produce a semi-diurnal cycle of stratification. Due to continuity requirements imposed by the proximity of the coast, the offshore-directed surface currents and onshore-directed bottom currents should lead to coastal upwelling.  相似文献   

The Columbia River plume as cross-shelf exporter and along-coast barrier     

N.S. Banas  P. MacCreadyB.M. Hickey 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

An intensive Lagrangian particle-tracking analysis of the July 2004 upwelling period was conducted in a hindcast model of the US Pacific Northwest coast, in order to determine the effect of the Columbia River plume on the fate of upwelled water. The model, implemented using Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), includes variable wind and atmospheric forcing, variable Columbia river flow, realistic boundary conditions from Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM), and 10 tidal constituents. Model skill has been demonstrated in detail elsewhere [MacCready, P., Banas, N.S., Hickey, B.M., Dever, E.P., Liu, Y., 2008. A model study of tide- and wind-induced mixing in the Columbia River estuary and plume. Continental Shelf Research, this issue, doi:10.1016/j.csr.2008.03.015]. Particles were released in the Columbia estuary, along the Washington coastal wall, and along the model's northern boundary at 48°N. Particles were tracked in three dimensions, using both velocities from ROMS and a vertical random displacement representing turbulent mixing. When 25 h of upwelling flow is looped and particles tracked for 12 d, their trajectories highlight a field of transient eddies and recirculations on scales from 5 to 50 km both north and south of the Columbia. Not all of these features are caused by plume dynamics, but the presence of the plume increases the entrainment of inner-shelf water into them. The cumulative effect of the plume's interaction with these transient features is to increase cross-shelf dispersion: 25% more water is transported laterally past the 100 m isobath when river and estuarine effects are included than when they are omitted. This cross-shelf dispersion also disrupts the southward transport of water along the inner shelf that occurs in the model when the Columbia River is omitted. This second effect—increased retention of upwelled water on the Washington shelf—may be partly responsible for the regional-scale alongcoast gradient in chlorophyll biomass, although variations in shelf width, the Juan de Fuca Eddy to the north, and the intermittency of upwelling-favorable winds are likely also to play important roles.  相似文献   

Deglacial pattern of circulation and marine productivity in the upwelling region off central-south Chile     

Mahyar Mohtadi  Pamela Rossel  Carina B. Lange  Silvio Pantoja  Philipp Bning  Daniel J. Repeta  Maik Grunwald  Frank Lamy  Dierk Hebbeln  Hans-Jürgen Brumsack 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,272(1-2):221-230

A high-resolution sea surface temperature and paleoproductivity reconstruction on a sedimentary record collected at 36°S off central-south Chile (GeoB 7165-1, 36°33′S, 73°40′W, 797 m water depth, core length 750 cm) indicates that paleoceanographic conditions changed abruptly between 18 and 17 ka. Comparative analysis of several cores along the Chilean continental margin (30°–41°S) suggests that the onset and the pattern of deglacial warming was not uniform off central-south Chile due to the progressive southward migration of the Southern Westerlies and local variations in upwelling. Marine productivity augmented rather abruptly at 13–14 ka, well after the oceanographic changes. We suggest that the late deglacial increase in paleoproductivity off central-south Chile reflects the onset of an active upwelling system bringing nutrient-rich, oxygen-poor Equatorial Subsurface Water to the euphotic zone, and a relatively higher nutrient load of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. During the Last Glacial Maximum, when the Southern Westerlies were located further north, productivity off central-south Chile, in contrast to off northern Chile, was reduced due to direct onshore-blowing winds that prevented coastal upwelling and export production.  相似文献   

Sequence development of Late Cenomanian–Turonian carbonate ramps, platforms and basins in Israel     

Binyamin Buchbinder  Chaim Benjamini  Shulamit Lipson-Benitah 《Cretaceous Research》2000,21(6):813

The Cenomanian–Turonian carbonate-dominated lithofacies of Israel reflect a complex interplay between tectonics, sea-level change, and palaeoecology. Improved correlation based on revision of the bio- and chronostratigraphic framework has enabled the establishment of a sequence-stratigraphic model comprising five sequences delineated by four sequence boundaries, in the Late Cenomanian–Early Coniacian interval. The Late Cenomanian–Turonian succession begins with prograding, highstand, carbonate-platform deposits of the first sequence. Interruption of progradation and drowning of this platform took place within the Late Cenomanian guerangeri Zone (=the vibrayeanus Zone in Israel), resulting in a drowning unconformity which is regarded as a Type 3 sequence boundary (labelled CeUp). The drowning is attributed in part to extinctions in the rudist-dominated biofacies (e.g., Caprinidae), which led to reduced carbonate production and enhanced the impact of the sea-level rise. Similar drowning of Tethyan platforms around the C/T boundary has been linked to the establishment of coastal upwelling and consequent eutrophication. Outer ramp hemipelagic facies (Derorim and the Lower Ora formations) replaced the platform carbonates, thickening substantially southwards in the Eshet-Zenifim Basin of southern Israel. Along the ancient continental slope (Mediterranean coastal plain) evidence of this drowning is obscured by submarine erosion, while in central and northern Israel the drowned section is represented by condensation or a hiatus, reflecting an elevated, sediment-starved sea-floor. A carbonate platform dominated by rudistid shoals (‘Meleke’ Member; Shivta Formation) was re-established in the Judean hills and northern Negev during the middle part of the Turonian coloradoense Zone (local zone T4). Later, during kallesi Zone times (T7), the platform facies prograded southwards towards the Eshet-Zenifim intra-shelf basin. The drowning succession and overlying resurrected carbonate platform are topped in central and southern Israel by a pronounced Type 1 sequence boundary (Tu1) between the kallesi (T7) and ornatissimum (T8) zones (Middle Turonian). In central Israel and northern Negev the sequence boundary is overlain by lowstand deposits of the ‘Clastic Unit’ and by the transgressive and highstand inner to mid-ramp deposits of the Nezer and Upper Bina formations. In the southern Negev the sequence boundary is overlain by lowstand and transgressive systems tracts of mixed carbonates, siliciclastics, and localized evaporites (Upper Ora Formation), and then by mid to inner ramp carbonates of the Gerofit Formation. The latter represents a very high rate of accumulation, indicating rapid, continued subsidence balanced by platform growth. The Tu2 sequence boundary of the Late Turonian is expressed in the southern Negev by a shift from inner ramp carbonates of the Gerofit Formation to outer ramp chalky limestones of the Zihor Formation, indicating localized drowning. The succeeding Co1 sequence boundary again indicates localized drowning of the prograding highstand deposits of the Zihor Formation (‘Transition Zone’) overlain by Lower Coniacian transgressive deposits of the upper part of the Zihor Formation. All of these third-order sequences are expressed in southern Israel, where the rate of subsidence was in balance with sea-level fluctuations. In contrast, the Judean Hills and eastern Galilee areas have a more incomplete succession, characterized by hiatuses and condensation, because of reduced subsidence. More distal areas of continuous deep-water deposition in western Galilee and the coastal plain failed to record the Middle Turonian lowstand, while a longer term, second-order sequence spanning the entire Late Cenomanian–Early Coniacian interval, is present in the Carmel and Yirka Basin areas.  相似文献