2017年春季南疆中部两次强降水天气环流配置及干冷空气侵入特征对比     

周雪英  贾健  刘国强  仇会民  杨柳 《气象科技》2018,46(6):1201-1210

本文利用常规观测资料、加密自动站资料、NCEP再分析资料对比分析2017年4月14日("4·14"过程)和2017年5月1—2日("5·1"过程)南疆中部巴州地区强降水过程,探讨春季强降水天气动力学异同。结果表明:春季强降水发生在副热带西风急流活跃,伊朗副热带高压向北伸展,地面冷锋活动,高低空为急流锋区配置背景中。水汽源地位于东经40°的阿拉伯海—里海附近,沿西方路径进入新疆,在有利风场条件下汇合至巴州地区,高低空急流耦合形成次级垂直环流,干冷空气多方向侵入增强春季降水强度。主要差异在于"4·14"过程是副热带西风急流异常北跳、影响系统西风带短波槽、冷空气西方路径,"5·1"过程则是极锋急流与副热带西风急流汇合、深厚长波槽系统、冷空气西北路径;"4·14"过程是典型急流锋区降水伴有对流性降水,强降水发生时形成两支次级环流圈,3股干冷空气从不同方向向中低层气旋性环流附近汇合激发了另一支低层中尺度次级垂直环流圈的建立;"5·1"过程是典型急流冷锋降水,高空干冷空气在垂直方向向下入侵触发和增强冷锋降水,形成了一支完整强大的次级垂直环流圈造成巴州大范围的系统性降水。  相似文献   

The 30–60-day Intraseasonal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature in the South China Sea during May–September     

Jiangyu MAO  Ming WANG 《大气科学进展》2018,35(5):550-566

This study investigates the structure and propagation of intraseasonal sea surface temperature(SST) variability in the South China Sea(SCS) on the 30–60-day timescale during boreal summer(May–September). TRMM-based SST, GODAS oceanic reanalysis and ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis datasets from 1998 to 2013 are used to examine quantitatively the atmospheric thermodynamic and oceanic dynamic mechanisms responsible for its formation. Power spectra show that the 30–60-day SST variability is predominant, accounting for 60% of the variance of the 10–90-day variability over most of the SCS. Composite analyses demonstrate that the 30–60-day SST variability is characterized by the alternate occurrence of basin-wide positive and negative SST anomalies in the SCS, with positive(negative) SST anomalies accompanied by anomalous northeasterlies(southwesterlies). The transition and expansion of SST anomalies are driven by the monsoonal trough–ridge seesaw pattern that migrates northward from the equator to the northern SCS. Quantitative diagnosis of the composite mixed-layer heat budgets shows that, within a strong 30–60-day cycle, the atmospheric thermal forcing is indeed a dominant factor, with the mixed-layer net heat flux(MNHF) contributing around 60% of the total SST tendency, while vertical entrainment contributes more than 30%. However, the entrainment-induced SST tendency is sometimes as large as the MNHF-induced component, implying that ocean processes are sometimes as important as surface fluxes in generating the30–60-day SST variability in the SCS.  相似文献   

黄渤海一次持续性海雾过程形变特征及其成因分析     

黄彬  许健民  史得道  柳龙生 《气象》2018,44(10):1342-1351

2016年3月3—5日,渤海和黄海大部出现了一次大范围持续性的海上大雾天气过程。本文从卫星遥感监测上分析海雾在生成、发展和消亡三个阶段的形态演变特征。从海洋气象条件上分析了山东半岛东南近海没有海雾和海雾形态演变的原因。结果表明:(1)在海雾形成初期,在山东半岛东南海域有弱气旋性弯曲,大气层结不稳定,地面形势受低压影响,虽受偏南风控制,但湿度小,无水汽辐合,因此在山东半岛东南近海没有雾。(2)海雾的形成与低层的偏南暖湿气流有关,而这个偏南暖湿气流来源于西北太平洋,雾区对应着水汽辐合区,海气温差为0～1℃的区域与雾区吻合,在海雾发展成熟期,雾顶长波辐射导致雾体降温,出现气温低于海温的现象。(3)925～1000 hPa垂直风切变有利于海雾在逆温层内维持和垂直高度上的发展,形成有一定厚度的海雾。  相似文献   

VARIABILITY IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SEA TEMPERATURE VARIATION CONSIDERING THE BACKGROUND OF CLIMATE WARMING OVER THE PAST 60 YEARS     

孙圣杰  李栋梁 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2018,24(4):468-480

By adopting characteristic index data for the Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) from the National Climate Center of China, U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) sea surface temperature (SST) data, we studied the WPSH variability considering the background of climate warming by using a Gaussian filter, moving averages, correlation analysis, and synthetic analysis. Our results show that with climate warming over the past 60 years, significant changes in the WPSH include its enlarged area, strengthened intensity, westward extended ridge point and southward expanded southern boundary, as well as enhanced interannual fluctuations in all these indices. The western ridge point of the WPSH consistently varies with temperature changes in the Northern Hemisphere, but the location of the ridgeline varies independently. The intensity and area of the WPSH were both significantly increased in the late 1980s. Specifically, the western ridge point started to significantly extend westward in the early 1990s, and the associated interannual variability had a significant increase in the late 1990s; in addition, the ridgeline was swaying along the north-south-north direction, and the corresponding variability was also greatly enhanced in the late 1990s. With climate warming, the SST increase becomes more weakly correlated with the WPSH intensity enhancement but more strongly correlated with the westward extension of the ridge point in the equatorial central and eastern Pacific Ocean in winter, corresponding to an expanding WPSH in space. In the northern Pacific in winter, the SST decrease has a weaker correlation with the southerly location of the ridgeline but also a stronger correlation with the westward extension of the ridge point. In the tropical western Pacific in winter, the correlations of the SST decrease with the WPSH intensity enhancement, and the westward extension of the ridge point is strengthened. These observations can be explained by strengthened Hadley circulations, the dominant effects of the southward shift, and additional effects of the weakened ascending branch of the Walker circulation during warm climatological periods, which consequently lead to strengthened intensities, increased areas, and southward expansions of the WPSH in summer.  相似文献   

2016年初冬陕西一次高架雷暴天气过程分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

郭大梅  章丽娜  王秀明  胡启元 《气象》2018,44(11):1404-1413

利用常规地面高空观测资料、西安和安康多普勒天气雷达观测资料、欧洲中心细网格模式预报等资料对2016年11月22日发生在陕西地区的一次雷暴过程进行诊断分析,结果表明：陕西中南部雷暴区位于地面冷锋后350~500 km的区域内,雷暴区3 km以下是深厚的冷垫,同时中低层存在明显的逆温层,低层是绝对稳定的大气层结,这说明此次雷暴天气为高架雷暴。通过诊断饱和假相当位温、假相当位温、湿位涡和绝对涡度表明不同地区不稳定机制是不同的。西安地区不稳定机制为条件性对称不稳定,安康地区不稳定机制为条件性不稳定。在条件性对称不稳定区域,降雪回波呈现出数个平行带状回波,与0~6 km风切变矢量(西西南风)平行;在条件性不稳定区域,降水回波为小尺度的块状回波。强垂直风切变表明大气斜压性强,中高层暖湿气流增强了大气的湿斜压性,从而使中高层形成条件性对称不稳定,产生倾斜对流;中低层偏南气流输送暖平流和水汽,使得大气较为暖湿,中高层温度平流较弱,大气较干,形成位势不稳定,锋面抬升中低层暖湿大气使其饱和,位势不稳定转化为条件性不稳定,产生垂直对流。不稳定与上升运动及回波高度有着较好的对应关系。  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of the climate effect of high-altitude lakes on the Tibetan Plateau     

YinHuan Ao  ShiHua Lyu  ZhaoGuo Li  LiJuan Wen  Lin Zhao 《寒旱区科学》2018,10(5):379-391

Lakes regulate the water and heat exchange between the ground and the atmosphere on different temporal and spatial scales. However, studies of the lake effect in the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau(TP) rarely have been performed until recently, and little attention has been paid to modelling of frozen lakes. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF v. 3.6.1) is employed to conduct three numerical experiments in the Ngoring Lake Basin(the original experiment, an experiment with a tuned model, and a no-lake experiment) to investigate the influences of parameter optimization on the lake simulation and of the high-altitude lake on the regional climate. After the lake depth, the roughness lengths, and initial surface temperature are corrected in the model, the simulation of the air temperature is distinctly improved. In the experiment using a tuned model, the simulated sensible-heat flux(H) is clearly improved, especially during periods of ice melting(from late spring to early summer) and freezing(late fall). The improvement of latent-heat flux(LE) is mainly manifested by the sharp increase in the correlation coefficient between simulation and observation, whereas the improvement in the average value is small. The optimization of initial surface temperature shows the most prominent effect in the first year and distinctly weakens after a freezing period. After the lakes become grassland in the model, the daytime temperature clearly increases during the freezing and melting periods; but the nocturnal cooling appears in other stages, especially from September to October. The annual mean H increases by 6.4 times in the regions of the Ngoring Lake and the Gyaring Lake, and the LE declines by 56.2%. The sum of H and LE increases from 71.2 W/m2(with lake) to 84.6 W/m2(no lake). For the entire simulation region, the sum of H and LE also increases slightly. After the lakes are removed, the air temperature increases significantly from June to September over the area corresponding to the two lakes, and an abnormal convergence field appears; at the same time, the precipitation clearly increases over the two lakes and surrounding areas.  相似文献   

基于多源探测资料的一次广州局地强对流垂直结构分析     

曾琳  张羽  李怀宇  李浩文  高美谭  梁之彦 《热带气象学报》2023,(3):348-360

基于X波段相控阵雷达、S波段双偏振雷达、微波辐射计、风廓线雷达、毫米波云雷达等多源高时空分辨率新型遥感探测资料,对广州后汛期一次局地强对流过程的大气热力、动力及云物理结构变化特征进行了综合分析。结果表明：(1)强对流前8小时前,局地LI、CAPE、SI等对流参数就达到并远远超过了短时强降水的阈值;临近降水大气层结仍向不稳定发展,水汽条件向有利的方向发展;(2)午后局地风形成辐合,上升气流加强,近地层出现弱垂直风切变和低空急流脉动,对强对流的发生发展有一定的指示意义;(3) CINRAD/SA-D雷达CR、DBZM HT、TOPS、VIL等变化与强降水和地面大风的发展有很好的对应关系,同时低层风场观测到阵风锋特征;XPAR-D雷达更高时空分辨率的探测可清晰显示对流发展旺盛阶段的Z_DR弧、K_DP柱、Z_DR柱、V型缺口等特征,为判断雷暴云团的发展程度和预警提供重要信息。  相似文献   

VP型垂直摆倾斜仪观测频带的分析及改进     

吕品姬  李正媛  耿丽霞  李农发  徐春阳 《大地测量与地球动力学》2020,40(5):540-545

从仪器原理、传递函数和观测数据等方面分析目前在网进行1 Hz采样的VP型垂直摆倾斜仪在2~60 s周期内的频率特性,认为该仪器可以观测到频带内的信号变化,但因处于过渡带,观测幅度较真实幅度削弱约20~40 dB。对VP型垂直摆倾斜仪观测频带进行拓展,使2~60 s周期内的观测信号由之前的过渡带进入到仪器的通频带,结果与相同采样率的其他定点形变仪器的观测效果相同,将地倾斜观测量转换为加速度表达后,其幅频特性符合全球地震背景噪声模型。改进后的VP型垂直摆倾斜仪对于远距离震级不大的同震体波震相记录效果略优于改进前,但受地脉动影响,在识别非地脉动信号时需要采用更精细的方法和手段来提高识别效果。  相似文献   

地表温度变化对GNSS连续运行基准站垂向形变影响研究     

王海涛  聂建亮  田婕  刘晓云  郭鑫伟  靳鑫洋 《大地测量与地球动力学》2020,40(11):1170-1174

利用实测地表温度数据,计算温度变化对GNSS基准站观测墩和基岩垂向形变的影响;联合大气负荷变化,综合分析温度变化对基准站垂向形变的影响规律。以新疆GNSS连续运行基准站数据为例,结果表明,温度变化对新疆GNSS连续运行基准站垂向影响的年周期项振幅为1.4～2.1 mm,半周年振幅为0.01～0.33 mm,周年项振幅占主要部分;垂向时间序列变化扣除温度变化影响后,RMS值平均减小0.55 mm,精度提高约9%;温度变化与大气负荷变化对垂向形变影响的趋势基本一致,呈现上半年增加、下半年下降,扣除两项影响后精度提高约13%。研究表明,温度和大气负荷变化均为基准站垂向位移周期性变化的重要影响因素。  相似文献   

Inversion Reconstruction of Gravity Potential Based on Gravity Gradients   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Dobróka  L. Völgyesi 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(3):299-311

A new method was developed for the inversion reconstruction of gravity potential. This method offers the possibility to determine the potential function and all of its important derivatives using the common inversion of gravity gradients and the first derivatives of potential. Gravity gradients can be originated from Torsion balance measurements, while the first derivatives of potential can be derived from the deflections of the vertical data. Different fields having great importance can be originated from this reconstructed potential function at any points of the investigated area. The advantage of this method is that the solution can be performed by a significantly over-determined inverse problem. Test computations were performed for the inversion reconstruction of gravity potential. There were 248 torsion balance measurements and 13 points where the deflections of the vertical are known in our test area. This inversion algorithm is rather stable. Gravity potential, the first and the second derivatives of the potential were determined for the test area by this suggested method. This method gives a good possibility for a useful geodetic application; deflections of the vertical based on torsion balance measurements can be determined for the whole area for each torsion balance stations.  相似文献