陇东黄土高原下垫面不均匀性指标的建立及其对大孔径闪烁仪(LAS)观测感热通量的影响          下载免费PDF全文

郝小翠  张强  杨泽粟 《地球物理学报》2016,59(3):816-827

目前定量研究下垫面不均匀性对大孔径闪烁仪(LAS)、涡动相关仪(ECS)观测感热通量差异的影响还比较少.本文利用黄土高原庆阳观测站2012年6、7月典型晴天两主风向范围E-SE和SW-W的陆面过程数据,在建立了下垫面不均匀性定量化指标的基础上,分析了下垫面不均匀性与地表温度变率的关系及其对LAS、ECS观测感热通量差异的影响.结果表明:庆阳站下垫面不均匀性大小η和地表温度变率г具有很好的相关性,相关系数达到0.566以上,证明了新建立指标的合理性.下垫面不均匀性大小η和LAS、ECS观测的感热通量差异HLAS-HECS具有很好的一致性,相关系数达到0.634.下垫面不均匀性对LAS和ECS的感热通量差异影响显著,下垫面越不均匀LAS和ECS测量的感热通量差异越大.对两主风向分别进行分析,在E-SE风向范围η和HLAS-HECS的相关系数为0.430,HLAS和HEC拟合的线性趋势系数为1.279,在SW-W风向范围η和HLAS-HECS的相关系数为0.680,HLAS和HEC拟合的线性趋势系数为1.297.下垫面不均匀性的影响程度越大,LAS和ECS观测的感热通量差异越大.  相似文献   

Sediment yield of the lower Tana River,Kenya, is insensitive to dam construction: sediment mobilization processes in a semi‐arid tropical river system          下载免费PDF全文

Naomi Geeraert  Fred Ochieng Omengo  Fredrick Tamooh  Paolo Paron  Steven Bouillon  Gerard Govers 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(13):1827-1838

Dam construction in the 1960s to 1980s significantly modified sediment supply from the Kenyan uplands to the lower Tana River. To assess the effect on suspended sediment fluxes of the Tana River, we monitored the sediment load at high temporal resolution for 1 year and complemented our data with historical information. The relationship between sediment concentration and water discharge was complex: at the onset of the wet season, discharge peaks resulted in high sediment concentrations and counterclockwise hysteresis, while towards the end of the wet season, a sediment exhaustion effect led to low concentrations despite the high discharge. The total sediment flux at Garissa (c. 250 km downstream of the lowermost dam) between June 2012 and June 2013 was 8.8 Mt yr^‐1. Comparison of current with historical fluxes indicated that dam construction had not greatly affected the annual sediment flux. We suggest that autogenic processes, namely river bed dynamics and bank erosion, mobilized large quantities of sediments stored in the alluvial plain downstream of the dams. Observations supporting the importance of autogenic processes included the absence of measurable activities of the fall‐out radionuclides ⁷Be and ¹³⁷Cs in the suspended sediment, the rapid lateral migration of the river course, and the seasonal changes in river cross‐section. Given the large stock of sediment in the alluvial valley of the Tana River, it may take centuries before the effect of damming shows up as a quantitative reduction in the sediment flux at Garissa. Many models relate the sediment load of rivers to catchment characteristics, thereby implicitly assuming that alterations in the catchment induce changes in the sediment load. Our research confirms that the response of an alluvial river to external disturbances such as land use or climate change is often indirect or non‐existent as autogenic processes overwhelm the changes in the input signal. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

铅垂断层向错引起的地表重力变化     

段虎荣  杨凡 《大地测量与地球动力学》2015,35(4):627-631

利用直立长方体组合模型以及坐标旋转理论,对铅垂断层向错引起的重力变化进行数值模拟,分别计算深度为1、5、10 km的铅垂断层在单一方向上、两个方向上向错引起的地面重力变化。结果表明,当断层在单一方向产生向错时,以左端点为基点的W1、W2向错引起的地面重力变化场均呈现以断层为轴线的对称分布|以中点为基点的W3向错引起的地面重力变化场构成四象限反对称分布。当断层在两个方向上同时产生向错时,以左端点为基点的W1W2向错引起的地面重力变化场呈现以断层为轴线的对称分布,整体显示W2向错起主导作用|以中点为基点的W2W3向错引起的地面重力变化场呈现非对称分布,整体也显示出W2向错起主导作用,断层附近的扭错现象为W3向错的作用。随着断层深度的增加,断层向错引起的地面重力变化值递减,但影响范围逐渐扩大。  相似文献   

基于水准剖面的山西断陷带现今活动性研究     

陈阜超  塔拉  陈聚忠 《大地测量与地球动力学》2015,35(4):576-580

根据跨山西断陷带的水准剖面观测资料,计算其垂直形变量和垂直形变速率,研究其现今垂直活动性。2006年以来的垂直形变揭示,山西断陷带东北段延怀盆地和蔚县盆地呈掀斜上升活动,北段阳原盆地和大同盆地以下降活动为主,晋中盆地为上下波动,临汾盆地呈现上升活动。2013年山西断陷带活动出现转折性变化,蔚县盆地大幅度下降,大同盆地、代县-定襄盆地、晋中盆地和临汾盆地均呈现不同程度的上升。  相似文献   

竖向地震动对大跨度高断面Y形柱地铁车站地震响应分析研究          下载免费PDF全文

陶连金  李积栋  吴秉林  安军海  郭飞 《地震工程学报》2015,37(3):648-654

以北京地铁6号线新华大街站公共区Y型柱地铁车站为工程背景,利用FLAC3D有限差分程序数值模拟分析,研究超浅埋大跨度、高断面、Y形柱地铁车站结构分别在仅输入水平向地震动和同时输入水平向与竖向地震动情况下的地震响应特性。结果表明:(1)与仅输入单向地震动相比,双向地震动耦合作用下车站各测点的峰值加速度和应力值均增大,而相对水平位移减小,且随着输入地震动强度的增加,竖向地震动影响率呈递减趋势;(2)双向地震动作用下,同一工况Y形柱叉支处各测点的竖向位移明显增大,且各测点的竖向位移值较为均匀,而单向水平地震动作用下各测点竖向位移差异较大;(3)与单向水平地震动相比,竖向地震动的输入对各测点间的水平方向地震动特性规律影响较小。  相似文献   

考虑挤土效应时楔形桩纵向振动阻抗研究          下载免费PDF全文

吴文兵  谢帮华  黄生根  徐学连 《地震工程学报》2015,37(4):1042-1048

基于复刚度传递多圈层平面应变模型,研究考虑桩周土挤土效应时成层地基中楔形桩的纵向振动问题。首先根据桩周土体的纵向成层情况并考虑楔形桩的变截面特性,将桩土系统沿纵向划分为有限个微元段,对每个微元段的桩周土体建立复刚度传递多圈层平面应变模型,并通过剪切复刚度递推方法求得桩周土作用在桩身的剪切复刚度;然后将求得的剪切复刚度代入桩身纵向振动控制方程,运用Laplace变换技术和阻抗函数递推方法,推导得到考虑桩周土挤土效应时成层地基中楔形桩纵向振动时桩顶复阻抗的解析解;最后,采用参数研究方法在低频范围内分析挤土效应对桩顶复阻抗的影响及其规律。  相似文献   

木卫二尾迹的数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

卢斌  陈出新 《地球物理学报》2014,57(11):3851-3858

木卫二在木星磁层中运动,与快速共转的木星磁场相互作用形成木星极光中木卫二的尾迹,此尾迹反映了连续扰动的磁通量管对木星电离层电流注入的过程.本文应用细丝理论对此过程进行数值模拟,未扰动的上游磁通量管经过大约720 s的时间与木卫二作用形成角度约为4°且相对于木卫二静止的拉伸磁通量管,随后在磁张力的作用下加速运动.在随后大约2160 s的加速时间内,磁通量管的速度逐渐与背景磁力线接近,向木星电离层注入的电流也由9×10⁵A逐渐衰减至0.以1/e初始电流处认为是可观测的木卫二尾迹限度,则木卫二的尾迹仅大约有一至两个经度,这与哈勃望远镜观测到的木卫二尾迹大小大致相同.木卫二尾迹与木卫一尾迹相比,输送的能量约为2.3×10¹³J,仅有木卫一的1/10,导致尾迹长度远小于木卫一的尾迹长度.此外,模拟过程中发现木卫二下游的压力槽对磁通量管运动的影响很小,可以忽略.  相似文献   

Seismic design and testing of the bottom vertical boundary elements in steel plate shear walls. Part 1: design methodology          下载免费PDF全文

Keh‐Chyuan Tsai  Chao‐Hsien Li  Hung‐Chi Lee 《地震工程与结构动力学》2014,43(15):2237-2259

This research investigates the seismic design method and the cyclic inelastic behavior of the bottom column, also called the vertical boundary element (VBE), in steel plate shear walls (SPSWs). This study consists of two parts. This Part 1 paper discusses the anticipated pushover responses for properly designed SPSWs and the possible inelastic responses of the bottom VBE at various levels of inter‐story drift. Considering both the tension field action of the infill panel and the sway action of the boundary frame, this study develops a simplified method to compute the flexural and shear demands in the bottom VBE. Based on the superposition method, this approach considers various plastic hinge forming locations at different levels of inter‐story drift. One of the key performance‐based design objectives is to ensure that the top ends of the bottom VBEs remain elastic when the SPSWs are subjected to the maximum considered earthquake. This paper presents the comprehensive design procedures for the bottom VBE. Furthermore, this study conducted cyclic performance evaluation tests of three full‐scale two‐story SPSWs at the Taiwan National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering in 2011 to validate the effectiveness of the proposed design methods. The experimental program, cyclic inelastic responses of the SPSWs and bottom VBEs, and numerical simulations are presented in Part 2. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

腾冲地区潜热通量与周围地区地震活动的相关性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈梅花  邓志辉  梁琦珍  丁留伟  陶京玲 《地震地质》2014,36(2):422-433

以2000年以来6.4级以上地震为例,研究了腾冲地区潜热通量（SLHF）在这些震例发生前后的变化特征。结果表明：腾冲地区的SLHF动态,不但在其附近发生强地震前常出现异常,而且对周边较远的强地震前也会发生异常反应;异常出现时间大都在震前1个半月以内,汶川地震前异常出现较早,发生在震前2个月之前,这可能与汶川地震震级高影响范围大有关;异常幅值与震级有关,震级越大,异常表现越强。 比如芦山7.0级地震、缅甸7.0级地震和汶川M_S 8.0地震前,腾冲地区SLHF异常幅度很大,远远超过最大参考值,而姚安6.5级地震和宁洱6.4级地震前异常幅度就相对小一些。腾冲地区SLHF异常与周围强地震的发生有较好的相关性,一方面与腾冲地区的活动断裂发育、现今构造变形强烈有关,另一方面可能是由于腾冲地区火山活动强烈,温泉广泛发育,水热交换迅速,对周边构造活动感应灵敏所致。  相似文献   

A kinematic model of vertical geomagnetic field variation resulting from a steady convective flow     

Alexandra Marsenić 《地球物理与天体物理流体动力学》2014,108(2):191-212

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