Geomorphology of carbonate platform‐marginal uppermost slopes: Insights from a Holocene analogue,Little Bahama Bank,Bahamas     

EUGENE C. RANKEY  DANIEL F. DOOLITTLE 《Sedimentology》2012,59(7):2146-2171

As the product of a variety of sediment sources and sedimentation (and re‐sedimentation) and erosion processes, the geomorphology and sedimentology of carbonate slopes are highly variable. The purpose of this study is to describe sub‐bottom profiles and side‐scan sonar, multibeam and optical data acquired by an autonomous underwater vehicle to explore variability in geomorphological and sedimentological character of the present‐day platform‐marginal, uppermost slope environments (< 240 m water depth) on the north, open‐ocean facing flank of Little Bahama Bank, Bahamas. Although at time scales of greater than 100 ka this margin is progradational, the data illustrate a complex juxtaposition of erosional and depositional processes and features. Erosion is evidenced by two prominent escarpments (70 m and 120 m) that expose eroded, bedded rocky outcrops. These escarpments are interpreted to represent relict features, related to past sea‐level positions, although they still may be shedding debris. Aside from erosional remnants, sedimentation and active transport is indicated by several features, including active bedforms (especially above the 70 m escarpment, but ripples occur to depths of ca 200 m), several mass transport complexes that overlie and cover the lower escarpment, gravity flow deposits and rare slump features. Similarly, a thick (up to 20 m) onlapping sediment wedge, interpreted to be Holocene in age, suggests lateral accretion of the slope by more than 75 m in this period. Data illustrate that this open‐ocean margin is distinct from windward margins in the Bahamas, which typically include near‐vertical walls of erosion or bypass, flanked downdip by rubble and talus, and leeward margins, which have onlapping muddy wedges, but that lack marked terraces or escarpments. Collectively, the results provide perspectives into the nature and controls on complex geomorphological patterns of erosion and deposition in Holocene uppermost slope systems, concepts potentially applicable to ancient analogues.  相似文献   

贵州水银洞金矿床成矿物理化学条件及金的迁移和沉淀   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

肖德长  李葆华  硕雪祥  徐仕海  付绍洪  陈翠华  董树义 《物探化探计算技术》2012,34(1):73-79

对水银洞金矿床流体包裹体开展了研究和热力学计算,解析了该矿床成矿物理化学条件及金的迁移形式和沉淀机制。研究表明:金的主成矿温度为215℃～267℃,压力28.5MPa～37.2MPa;成矿流体具弱酸性(pH=4.312)、还原性(fO2﹤10-35.315×105 Pa)。金在成矿溶液中主要以AuHS0等络合物形式进行迁移,HS-活度和氧逸度降低以及pH值升高是促使金沉淀的主要机制。  相似文献   

深水重要油气储层--琼东南盆地中央峡谷体系   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

王振峰 《沉积学报》2012,30(4):646-653

南海北部海域琼东南盆地发育一个大型中央峡谷体系,平面上呈“S”型NE向展布,西起莺歌海盆地中央拗陷带东缘,横穿琼东南盆地中央拗陷带,向东延伸进入西沙海槽。通过2D及3D地震资料的精细解释和钻井资料综合分析,研究揭示该峡谷体系可以划分为4个区段,不同区段不仅具有明显不同的剖面形态,而且具有不同沉积物构成、沉积微相以及不同沉积物源。不同区域峡谷形态及充填分析表明,自西向东,中央峡谷下切深度越来越大,下切层位越来越老。其下切剖面形态发育有“V”、“U”、“W”和复合型。其中“V”型峡谷下切深度最大,冲刷、削截特征最明显。峡谷西段以浊积水道沉积为主,峡谷东段为浊积水道与块体流沉积互层沉积,但在不同区带不同沉积物所占比例有一定差异。浊积水道沉积的物源主要来自于盆地西侧,块体流沉积的物源主要来自于盆地北部陆坡体系,从而,来自于西部浊积水道沉积与来自于北部块体流沉积在中央峡谷内形成了多源多期发育的复杂的峡谷系统。  相似文献   

雅鲁藏布江中游不同地表输沙量特征     

落桑曲加  张焱  马鹏飞  扎多  格多  张正偲 《中国沙漠》2022,42(2):6-13

雅鲁藏布江河流宽谷区是青藏高原风沙活动最为强烈地区之一.输沙量是评价区域风沙活动的最主要指标之一,但目前对该地区输沙量的研究几乎是空白.利用旋转多路方口集沙仪对雅鲁藏布江流域中游河岸沙地、河漫滩沙地和山麓沙地3种地表类型、6个点2020年9-12月的输沙量进行野外实地观测,对比不同下垫面的输沙量,分析地表特征对输沙量的...  相似文献   

An analysis of coastal erosion in the tropical rapid accretion delta of the Red River, Vietnam     

Do Minh Duc  Mai Trong NhuanChu Van Ngoi 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2012,43(1):98-109

The largest plain in the North Vietnam has formed by the redundant sediment of the Red River system. Sediment supply is not equally distributed, causing erosion in some places. The paper analyzes the evolvement and physical mechanism of the erosion. The overlay of five recent topographical maps (1930, 1965, 1985, 1995, and 2001) shows that sediment redundantly deposits at some big river mouths (Ba Lat, Lach, and Day), leading to rapid accretion (up to 100 m/y). Typical mechanism of delta propagation is forming and connecting sand bars in front of the mouths. Erosion coasts are distributed either between the river mouths (Hai Hau) or nearby them (Giao Long, Giao Phong, and Nghia Phuc). The evolvement of erosion is caused by wave-induced longshore southwestward sediment transport. Meanwhile sediment from the river mouths is not directed to deposit nearshore. The development of sand bars can intensively reduce the erosion rate nearby river mouths. Erosion in Hai Hau is accelerated by sea level rise and upstream dams. Sea dike stability is seriously threatened by erosion-induced lowering of beach profiles, sea level rise, typhoon, and storm surge.  相似文献   

黄河中游一次致洪暴雨过程的形成机理     

宋清芝  吕林宜 《气象与环境科学》2018,41(2):54-61

利用常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料等,对黄河中游2013年7月21-22日的致洪暴雨过程的形成机理进行分析。结果发现:1)地面辐合线的形成和维持是本次过程降水强度大和降水集中的主要原因。中尺度雨团和地面中尺度辐合线相对应,地面中尺度辐合线的形成和冷空气扩散补充相对应。第一次冷空气扩散,促使长武站附近地面中尺度辐合线的形成和维持;第二次冷空气补充,促使北洛河流域、无定河流域的地面中尺度辐合线形成并维持。2)暴雨过程发生前,其上空存在干暖盖的结构特征,是能量积累及位势不稳定层结结构建立的关键;暴雨发生过程中干空气侵入对中尺度对流云团起激发作用。3)暴雨、大暴雨发生过程中水汽的垂直输送明显,暴雨区上空1000-100 h Pa相对湿度均在90%以上。  相似文献   

云南两次局地暴雨过程水汽输送特征分析     

马志敏  朱莉  连钰  牛法宝  王将 《中低纬山地气象》2021,45(6):50-58

采用常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料,结合数值试验,对2012年5月24日和2015年9月27日云南两次局地暴雨过程水汽输送特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）两次过程主要受副热带高压影响,强降雨及其水汽输送伴随副热带高压西伸而中断,“5.24”过程动力条件主要由天气尺度系统提供,“9.27”过程动力条件主要为地形抬升作用;（2）两次过程水汽源地均为孟加拉湾、南海、西太平洋,“5.24”过程以西南路径水汽输送为主,输送距离较远,“9.27”过程以东南路径水汽输送为主,输送距离较短,局地特征更显著;（3）“9.27”过程水汽通量及最大雨量值均高于“5.24”过程,水汽通量与强降雨相关性较好,对强降雨具有一定指示意义;（4）两次过程水汽输送均集中在600hPa以下层,以经向偏南水汽输送为主,水汽输送增强时间较强降雨开始时间提前48～72h;（5）数值模拟结果与常规分析一致,同时可显示水汽垂直输送特征,低层以偏南路径为主,中层西南路径增多,中层以上出现偏西路径,存在沿西风带来自印度半岛及青藏高原的水汽贡献。  相似文献   

基于GIS的公交可达性指数算法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈洋  李燕燕 《测绘与空间地理信息》2011,34(2):177-179

借助于GIS空间分析方法,以福州市金山新区为例,对公交可达性的问题进行了探讨。研究过程中建立了研究区范围内包括交通网络信息的地理空间数据库,并通过综合考虑相关影响因子,提出了一种公交可达性指数的计算方法,并进行实地价。这一算法可为选址分析等各类问题提供相对定量化的公交可达性信息。  相似文献   

Assessment of Water Quality in the Elbe River at Low Water Conditions Based on Factor Analysis     

Martina Baborowski  Olaf Büttner  Jürgen W. Einax 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(5):437-443

An assessment of water quality measurements during a long‐lasting low water period in the Elbe River is presented. Weekly samples were taken from May to December 2003 at a sampling site in the middle part of the Elbe River. For multivariate data analysis, 34 parameters of 46 samplings were considered. As a result of this analysis, 78% of the variance of the data set is explained by five factors. They can be assigned to the following latent variables: season (37.5%) > tributaries (12.7%) > re‐suspension (10.4%) > discharge (9.4%) > complexation (8.5%). For the investigated sampling site, two key processes were identified as dominating factors on the water quality during low water conditions. First, seasonal phytoplankton development caused changes in redox conditions with consequences for re‐solution of pollutants from sediments. Second, tributaries have a higher impact on the main stream, due to changes in mixing processes. Therefore, in addition to flood investigations, monitoring strategies, and management plans should be developed in order to survey changes in water quality during low water conditions.  相似文献   

Divergence of solutions to perturbation-based advection-dispersion moment equations     

Kenneth D. Jarman  Alexandre M. Tartakovsky 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(5):659-670

Moment equation methods are popular and powerful tools for modeling transport processes in randomly heterogeneous porous media, but the application of these methods to advection-dispersion equations often leads to erroneous oscillations. Perturbative methods, required to close systems of moment equations, become inaccurate for large perturbations; however, little quantitative theory exists for determining when this occurs for advection-dispersion equations. We consider three different methods (asymptotic approximation, Eulerian truncation, and iterative solution) for closing and solving advection-dispersion moment equations describing transport in stratified porous media with random permeability. We obtain approximate analytical expressions for time above which the asymptotic approximation to the mean diverges, in particular quantifying the impact that dispersion has on delaying—but not eliminating—divergence. We demonstrate that Eulerian truncation and iterative solution methods do not eliminate divergent behavior either. Our divergence criteria provide a priori estimates that signal a warning to the practitioner of stochastic advection-dispersion equations to carefully consider whether to apply perturbative approaches.  相似文献