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61.
吉林向海沼泽湿地典型剖面沉积及年代序列重建 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
沼泽湿地发育过程中堆积的各类沉积物真实地记录下区域环境演变与沼泽湿地发育过程。本文以无尾河下游漫流区——向海沼泽湿地为研究对象,对其典型沉积剖面结构、沉积物容重、年龄指标、沉积速率等多项沉积记录进行了综合剖析。结果表明:沼泽沉积物的层序关系可以揭示沼泽的形成途径及环境变化;溪边沼泽接受更多的矿质沉积物;1880-1885年该区域出现河道变迁的痕迹;向海沼泽湿地沉积速率与典型的河口三角洲类似,体现了河口尾端湿地的特点;近50年来,向海沼泽湿地沉积速率急剧上升,其原因可能与解放后该流域人类活动增强、植被破坏、水土流失严重有关,在时间上,与流域上游大型露天煤矿开采时段有较好的耦合性。 相似文献
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Michael C. Grenfell Rolf Aalto Suzanne E. Grenfell William N. Ellery 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(1):354-366
This paper resolves the origin of clay hummock micro-topography in seasonal wetlands of the Drakensberg Foothills, providing a review and appraisal of previously-suggested mechanisms of hummock formation in the context of new field and laboratory data. Field surveys revealed neo-formation of clay hummocks in a river channel that had been abandoned in c.1984. Fresh earthworm castings were located atop hummocks protruding from inundated abandoned channel margins. Earthworm castings, and sediment cores taken in hummocks and adjacent hollows, were analysed for soil-adsorbed carbon and nitrogen using an HCN analyser, and for 210Pb activity using alpha-geochronology. 210Pb activity profiles suggest relative enrichment of the isotope in hummocks, and relative depletion in adjacent hollows. Earthworm castings are characterised by very high 210Pb activity, as well as high C and N contents. Hummocks have significantly higher C and N contents than adjacent hollows. Results suggest that it is the foraging activity of earthworms in litter-rich seasonal wetland hollows, and repeated excretion of castings atop adjacent hummocks, that is responsible for the elemental enrichment observed. The paper presents a conceptual model of hummock formation in wetlands through interactions between hydrogeomorphology and earthworm activity, and illustrates a mechanism of biogeomorphic inheritance through which ordered patterns of preferential flow can emerge in ecosystems. Further implications of hummock formation and nodal accumulation of nutrients are considered in relation to wetland resilience and regulatory ecosystem service provision.© 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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文章利用遥感技术获取了大连市2016年滨海湿地基本状况信息,通过实地调查和查阅资料基本摸清了研究区水鸟及栖息地概况,收集整理了研究区开展滨海湿地管理与保护工作情况,简要阐释了当前滨海湿地管护工作中存在的功能退化等问题,辨识性分析了引发问题的填海造地、建设力度与保护经费不足等驱动力因素,提出了应从健全滨海湿地管理与保护制度机制、加大新建保护区与已建保护区管护工作力度、开展生态修复工作、开展滨海湿地生态补偿工作、严格自然滨海湿地开发利用管理和加强滨海湿地调查监测6个方面加强滨海湿地管护工作的对策及建设性意见。 相似文献
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AbstractThe hydrology of water-dependent ecosystems around the world has been altered as a result of flow regulation and extraction for a variety of purposes including agricultural and urban water supply. The flow regime of the Murray-Darling Basin in Australia is no exception, with attendant impacts on the health of the environment. Restoration of parts of the flow regime is a key feature of environmental flow delivery. However, environmental flow delivery in a system that is managed primarily to provide a secure and stable supply for irrigation presents challenges for managers seeking to return more natural flow variability in line with ecosystem requirements. The institutional arrangements governing releases of water from storage can influence the ability of managers to respond to natural cues, such as naturally rising flows in a river. As such, the legal and governance aspects of environmental flow delivery are likely to be important influences on the outcomes achieved.
Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Guest editor M. AcremanCitation Banks, S.A. and Docker, B.B., 2014. Delivering environmental flows in the Murray-Darling Basin (Australia)—legal and governance aspects. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (3–4), 688–699. 相似文献
69.
Evaluating the sensitivity of wetlands to climate change with remote sensing techniques 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Wetlands are valuable ecosystems that provide many valuable services, yet many of these important ecosystems are at risk because of current trends in climate change. The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) in the upper‐midwest of the United States and south‐central Canada, characterized by glacially sculpted landscapes and abundant wetlands, is one such vulnerable region. According to regional/global climate model predictions, drought occurrence will increase in the PPR region through the 21st century and thus will probably cause the amount of water in wetlands to decline. Water surface area (WSA) of Kidder County, ND, from 1984–2011 was measured by classifying TM/ETM+(Landsat Thematic Mapper / Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus) images through the modified normalized difference water index. We then developed a linear model based on the WSA of these wetlands and historical climate data and used this to determine the wetland sensitivity to climate change and predict future wetlands WSA in the PPR. Our model based on Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) of the current year (PDSIt ? 0) and of the previous two years (PDSIt ? 2) can explain 79% of the annual wetland WSA variance, suggesting a high sensitivity of wetlands to drought/climate change. We also predicted the PPR wetlands WSA in the 21st century under A1B scenario (a mid‐carbon emission scenario) using simulated PDSI based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AR4 22‐model ensemble climate. According to our prediction, the WSA of the PPR wetlands will decrease to less than half of the baseline WSA (defined as the mean wetlands WSA of the 2000s) by the mid of the 21st century, and to less than one‐third by the 2080s, and will then slightly increase in the 2090s. This considerable future wetland loss caused only by climate change provides important implication to future wetland management and climate adaptation policy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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通过对闽江河口湿地芦苇(Phragmites australis)和互花米草(Spartina alterniflo-ra)群落特征和生物量的调查,结果表明:2种植物株高和密度呈显著负相关.芦苇地上部各构件生物量最大值出现在夏季,其值为1 524.8±78.85 g.m-2;互花米草最大值出现在秋季,其值为3 037.2±248.78 g.m-2.互花米草地上生物量显著大于芦苇(P<0.05),但立枯量无显著差异(P>0.05).2种植物地下生物量均为0~15 cm>15~30 cm>30~60 cm;芦苇夏季各层生物量极显著大于其他季节(P<0.05),互花米草地下各层生物量在冬季达到最大,生长季节逐渐下降,夏季最小.芦苇和互花米草总生物量积累动态呈典型的单峰值曲线,总生物量互花米草高于芦苇,但二者差异不显著.随着入侵时间推移,互花米草总生物量还要持续增长. 相似文献