HDPE圆形升降式网箱下沉时最大倾角的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

黄六一  梁振林  万荣  赵芬芳  朱立新  宋伟华 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(6):953-958

分析了1种HDPE双浮管圆形升降式网箱的沉降过程,并利用几何分析方法找出该升降式网箱沉降的最大倾角与网箱系统参数之间的关系,制作1个圆形升降式网箱模型,在静水池中进行沉降实验。试验过程中,通过水下摄像及图像处理软件找出网箱沉降时的最大倾角。模型网箱最大沉降倾角的理论计算值为22.77(°),实验观测值20.80(°),二者误差为9.4%,最大倾角的理论计算值和试验测量值基本吻合,说明理论计算方法是可行的。据此,计算出国内常用的周长40 m的HDPE双浮管圆形升降式网箱的最大沉降倾角为31.29(°)。并以周长40 m的双浮管HDPE圆形升降式网箱的尺度参数作为参考,分析该网箱浮绳框边长、沉降水深和网箱直径与网箱最大沉降倾角的关系,得出这三者与沉降倾角呈线性关系的结果,为HDPE双浮管圆形升降式网箱的设计及安全操作提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Profile Evolution and Energy Dissipation for Internal Soliton Transmitting over Different Submarine Ridges     

Chen-Yuan CHEN I-Fan TSENG Hsien-Chueh Peter YANG Cheng-Wu CHEN Tsung-Hao CHEN 《中国海洋工程》2006,20(4):585-594

1 .IntroductionWhile surface solitary waves arefoundin many physical phenomena (Chouand Shih,1996 ;Chouand Quyang,1999 ;Chouet al .,2003 ; Chenet al .,2004 ; Wang,2004 ;Tsenget al .,2005) ,internal solitary waves (ISWs) have been observed since the beginning of the 20th century.In fact ,some internal waves have alarge enoughamplitudeto cause consequence onthe surface .Hence obser-vation of the oceansurface may helpto detect the activities of internal waves . We require observationsthrough…  相似文献   

深水风浪相关函数的研究     

郭佩芳 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,(2)

本文以风浪频谱和其相关函数的关系为基础,应用积分中值定理,给出了风浪相关函数的理论模型。进而以文氏等人的理论风浪频谱为原型,通过数值积分和待定系数法,给出了以风浪频谱的零阶矩m_0、峰频率ω_0和峰度因子P为参数的深水风浪相关函数式。最后把该式与数值计算值、实测值作了对比,证明本文所提出的深水风浪相关函数式较好地反映了各种不同成长状态的实际的相关函数。  相似文献   

基于FLOW-3D的三维数值波流水槽的构建及应用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

侯勇俊  熊烈  何环庆  杨晖 《海洋科学》2015,39(9):111-116

为获得具有自由液面的三维波流水槽,基于FLOW-3D有限差分程序,选用RNG?-?紊流模型,基于线性波速度入口法造波,采用VOF方法对自由液面进行追踪。构建具有自由液面的三维波流联合作用数值水槽,对比压力出流边界与Sammerfeld辐射边界发现,在波流水槽内采用压力出流边界能够保持流体体积守恒,波形稳定;加入的孔隙结构,不仅能保证良好的消波效果,而且流体能够顺利通过,对消除反射波影响效果良好;与实验结果对比发现,垂向时均流速与实验数据拟合较好。波流场中桩柱前形成明显下潜水流及漩涡,是形成局部冲刷主要原因。本文所构建的波流数值模型波形稳定、具有良好的波流特性,能较好反应波浪与水流之间的相互作用,可进一步模拟波流场与结构物之间的相互作用或波流作用下泥沙冲刷等研究。  相似文献   

A laboratory investigation of bed-load transport of gravel sediments under dam break flow     

Khabat Khosravi  Amir Hooshang Nezamivand Chegini  James Cooper  Luca Mao  Mahmood Habibnejad  Kaka Shahedi  Andrew Binns 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(2):229-234

Dam break flows and resulting river bed erosion can have disastrous impacts on human safety,infrastructure,and environmental quality.However,there is a lack of research on the mobility of non-uniform sediment mixtures resulting from dam break flows and how these differ from uniform sized sediment.In this paper,laboratory flume experiments revealed that coarse and fine fractions in non-uniform sediment had a higher and a lower bed-load parameter,respectively,than uniform sediments of the same size.Thus,the finer fractions were more stable and the coarser fractions were more erodible in a nonuniform bed compared to a uniform-grained bed.These differences can be explained by the hiding and protrusion of these fractions,respectively.By investigating changes in mobility of the mixed-size fractions with reservoir water levels,the results revealed that at low water levels,when the coarser fractions were only just mobile,the bed-load parameter of the finer fractions was higher than the coarser fractions.The opposite was observed at a higher water level,when a significant proportion of the coarsest fractions was mobilized.The higher protrusion of these grains had an important effect on their mobility relative to the finer grains.The transported sediment on these mixed-sized beds was coarser than the initial bed sediment,and became coarser with an increase in reservoir water level.  相似文献   

A Flume Experiment on the Adjustment of the Mean and Turbulent Statistics to a Transition from Short to Tall Sparse Canopies     

Anthony Seraphin  Philippe Guyenne 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2008,129(1):47-64

Water-flume experiments are conducted to study the structure of turbulent flow within and above a sparse model canopy consisting of two rigid canopies of different heights. This difference in height specifies a two-dimensional step change from a rough to a rougher surface, as opposed to a smooth-to-rough transition. Despite the fact that the flow is in transition from a rough to a rougher surface, the thickness of the internal boundary layer scales as x ^4/5, consistent with smooth-to-rough boundary layer adjustment studies, where x is the downstream distance from the step change. However, the analogy with smooth-to-rough transitions no longer holds when the flow inside the canopy and near the canopy top is considered. Results show that the step change in surface roughness significantly increases turbulence intensities and shear stress. In particular, there is an adjustment of the mean horizontal velocity and shear stress as the flow passes over the rougher canopy, so that their vertical profiles adjust to give maximum values at the top of this canopy. We also observe that the magnitude and shape of the inflection in the mean horizontal velocity profile is significantly affected by the transition. The horizontal and vertical turbulence spectra compare well with Kolmogorov’s theory, although a small deviation at high frequencies is observed in the horizontal spectrum within the canopy. Here, for relatively low leaf area index, shear is found to be a more effective mechanism for momentum transfer through the canopy structure than vortex shedding.  相似文献   

风浪要素数值实景监测的设计与实现     

王坚红  张金龙  刘刚  李洪利  苗春生  吴云荣  于爱兵 《南京气象学院学报》2010,(4):344-352

运用现代数码技术,设计了风浪要素数值化实景监测,对近距离局域风浪进行非入侵式自动图像监测与风浪数值信息提取.在设计中采取不同于常规风浪遥感散射回波反演的方式,通过人机互动,应用相似性搜索判别原理,实现了风浪场中波峰线的自动识别与绘制,并以此为基础进行实况分析与运算,获得波长、周期、波速、波向、波龄以及波高、波陡等各项要素的统计值.针对波高与其他波浪参数无直接解析关系式问题,依据风浪非线性动力统计特性的谱模型,建立了波高逆运算函数方法,通过实验调试参数由实景监测的波长推导出波高等风浪结构要素.经实验室及室外自然条件测试,该监测系统能给出合理的观测时段的风浪要素统计特征值.  相似文献   

风浪扰动引起湖泊磷形态变化的模拟试验研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

高永霞  孙小静  张战平  朱广伟  逄勇 《水科学进展》2007,18(5):668-673

为了解一次完整的大风浪过程(包括风浪扰动及扰动后的静风期)水体中各形态磷的变化情况及其影响因素,进行了室内模拟风浪扰动的试验研究。结果显示大风浪扰动初期水体中悬浮物(SS)、总磷(TP)、颗粒态磷(PP)和溶解性总磷(DTP)的浓度大幅增加,扰动持续半天后水体SS、TP、PP的浓度均达到最大值,扰动停止后,至少需要10d时间水体中SS、TP、PP的浓度才能回复到扰动前水平;扰动期间水体DTP浓度居于高值,但风浪停止后立即降低;整个风浪过程水体中溶解性反应磷(SRP)浓度变化不大。试验表明,扰动初期沉积物中Fe、Mn结合态磷能快速释放到水体中,但随着扰动的持续,水体复氧,释放到水体中的溶解性活性磷又能与Fe、Mn结合随悬浮物沉降到水底。扰动期间及随后静置1d时间内,水体中悬浮颗粒物的中值粒径连续下降,意味着悬浮颗粒物对磷的吸附能力在不断增强。但水体静置较长时间后,扰动引起的悬浮物几乎全部沉降,絮凝等作用导致水体颗粒物粒度增大。本研究说明虽然大风浪扰动初期能引起浅水湖泊中颗粒态和溶解态营养盐浓度的迅速提高,能够为水华蓝藻的快速生长提供大量可直接利用或酶解的营养盐,但随着风浪扰动的持续,由于水体复氧、水中颗粒物粒度不断细化、颗粒物中的有机成分比例不断增高等,悬浮颗粒物对活性磷的吸附能力也相应提高,两种作用相互削减使得风浪扰动后期水体活性磷浓度的增幅并不明显。  相似文献   

Physical‐scale modelling of jökulhlaups (glacial outburst floods) with contrasting hydrograph shapes     

E. Lucy Rushmer 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(6):954-963

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Critical erosion profiles in macro-tidal estuary sediments: Implications for the stability of intertidal mud and the slope of mud banks     

A.J. Bale  J.A. StephensC.B. Harris 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

Vertical profiles of the critical erosion threshold (τ_crit) in sediment have been measured at 11 stations along the axis of the Tamar Estuary and at a single station in a tributary of the Tamar at St. John's Ford. The τ_crit of surface sediment increased from 0.04 Pa in the upper, brackish estuary to 0.09 Pa in the lower estuary. In the upper estuary τ_crit only increased slightly with depth whereas in the marine estuary τ_crit increased rapidly from 0.09 Pa at the surface to 0.25 Pa at 15 cm below the sediment surface. The results showed that the relationship between τ_crit and bulk density (ρ_b) obtained previously for surface sediment was also applicable to sediments from depths of 10–15 cm and probably deeper. Profiles of ρ_b were measured to depths of 70 cm using a corer. In the lower (marine) estuary ρ_b increased with depth in the sediment from 1580 kg m⁻³ at the surface to 1720 kg m⁻³ at 70 cm. In the upper estuary ρ_b values were lower at 1170–1200 kg m⁻³ and profiles were almost homogeneous indicating that consolidation was not occurring. The mid-estuary was transitional between these two situations. These results are consistent with the seasonal accumulation and loss of ‘mobile’ sediment observed previously in the upper estuary with changes in river flow, and with the apparent stability of intertidal mud in the lower marine estuary deduced from historical bathymetric survey records. The slopes of the intertidal mud banks ranged from 1–2% in the lower estuary to 20–25% in mid-estuary but, instead of continuing to increase in steepness towards the head as the estuary became narrower, the measured slopes actually decreased. It is speculated that the lack of consolidation through continual mobilisation and settlement cycles combined with an increase in silt content in the upper estuary resulted in sediment that lacked the mechanical strength to maintain steep slopes.  相似文献