A HIGH-RESOLUTION, GRIDDED DATASET FOR MONTHLY TEMPERATURE NORMALS (1971-2000) IN SWEDEN     

DELIANG CHEN  LEBING GONG  CHONG-YU XU  SVEN HALLDIN 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2007,89(4):249-261

A baseline climatology is required in evaluating climate variability and changes on regional and local scales. Gridded climate normals, i.e. averages over a 30‐year period, are of special interest since they can be readily used for validation of climate models. This study is aimed at creating an updated gridded dataset for Swedish monthly temperature normals over the period 1971–2000, based on standard 2‐m air temperature records at 510 stations in mainland Sweden. Spatial trends of the normal temperatures were modelled as functions of latitude, longitude and elevation by multiple linear regression. The study shows that the temperature normals are strongly correlated with latitude throughout the year and especially in cold months, while elevation was a more important factor in June and July. Longitude played a minor role and was only significant in April and May. Regression equations linking temperature to latitude, longitude and elevation were set up for each month. Monthly temperature normals were detrended by subtracting spatial trends given by the regressions. Ordinary kriging was then applied to both original data (simple method) and de‐trended data (composite method) to model the spatial variability and to perform spatial gridding. The multiple regressions showed that between 82% (summer) and 96% (winter) of the variance in monthly temperature normals could be explained by latitude and elevation. Unexplained variances, i.e. the residuals, were modelled with ordinary kriging with exponential semivariograms. The composite grid estimates were calculated by adding the multiple linear trends back to the interpolated residuals at each grid point. Kriged original temperature normals provided a performance benchmark. The cross–validation shows that the interpolation errors of the normals are significantly reduced if the composite method rather than the simple one was used. A gridded monthly dataset with 30‐arcsecond spacing was created using the established trends, the kriging model and a digital topographic dataset.  相似文献   

Discussion of “Geology and diamond distribution of the 140/141 kimberlite, Fort à la Corne, central Saskatchewan, Canada”, by A. Berryman, B.H. Scott-Smith and B.C. Jellicoe (Lithos v. 76, p. 99–114)     

Bruce A. Kjarsgaard  Dale A. Leckie  John-Paul Zonneveld 《Lithos》2007,97(3-4):422-428

A wide variety of geological data and geological observations by numerous geoscientists do not support a two-stage crater excavation and in-fill model, or a champagne glass-shaped geometry for the 169 or 140/141 kimberlite bodies in the Fort à la Corne kimberlite field, Saskatchewan as described by Berryman, A., Scott Smith, B.H., Jellicoe, B., (2004). Rather, these kimberlite bodies are best described as polygenetic kimberlite tephra cones and tuff rings with associated feeder vents of variable geometry as shown by previous workers for the 169 kimberlite, the 140/141 kimberlite and the Star kimberlite. The domal tephra cone geometry is preserved due to burial by conformable Cretaceous marine mudstones and siltstones and is not an artifact of Quaternary glacial processes.  相似文献   

EDITtools的开发与应用     

刘杰 《东北测绘》2007,30(6):66-67

通过对GIS软件Arclnfo二次开发语言进行二次开发EDITtools软件，生产人员不用手工输入任何命令，完全脱离了键盘操作方式，通过菜单和按钮的点击即可完成调图、编辑、存盘以及产品整体质量检查，排除部分错误。改变现今数据生产的编辑作业操作模式，为基础地理信息数据成果数字化生产找到一奈较为经济、优质、高效的开发方法。  相似文献   

面向对象空间数据组织与管理的初步实现     

周东 张翔夏小强  王前卫罗小龙 刘少华 《东北测绘》2007,30(6):117-118,121

通过分析3种传统数据模型的特点，得出它们在管理地理复杂对象方面的局限性，从而引出了面向对象数据模型。本文利用面向对象数据模型中的各种操作，以基本地理对象为基础构建复杂地理对象，并且在VC＋＋6．0平台上实现了面向对象几何数据模型。  相似文献   

利用M_L振幅研究地壳横波Q值I: 不同构造区的衰减特征   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

汪素云  裴顺平  许忠淮  张国民  俞言祥  潘华 《地球物理学报》2007,50(6):1740-1747

本文利用《中国地震年报》中测定震级M_L时所用的区域地震图中水平向的最大振幅及周期资料，研究了地壳内横波的衰减及介质品质因子Q₀特征. 结果表明，中国整个区域平均的Q₀值为367，以华南地台最高，为460，塔里木盆地为442，鄂尔多斯高原为419，华北地区最低，为294，其次是川滇地区为295. 由这个结果可知，Q₀与地质构造之间存在明显的相关特征，在构造上稳定的克拉通地台，如塔里木盆地、鄂尔多斯高原、华南地台等具有较高的Q₀值；而构造上活动的强烈剪切变形带和新生代扩张盆地，如川滇地区和华北断陷盆地往往是Q₀值低的地区，这和Pn速度分布特征也很相似，在Pn速度高的地区地壳Q₀值亦高，在Pn速度低的地区Q₀值亦低.  相似文献   

老航片在考古中的应用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

万余庆  周日平 《国土资源遥感》2007,18(1):65-68

通过国家863计划项目“考古遥感与地球物理综合探测技术”和国家历史博物馆项目“周王陵历史变迁研究”的研究成果，介绍了老航片在考古研究中的应用方法和应用效果。  相似文献   

Morphological and kinematic signatures of a binary central star in the planetary nebula Hu 2-1     

Luis F. Miranda  José M. Torrelles  Martín A. Guerrero  Roberto Vázquez  Yolanda Gómez 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,321(3):487-496

We present H α , [N  ii ] and [O  iii ] ground-based and HST archive images, VLA–A 3.6-cm continuum and H92 α emission-line data and high-resolution long-slit [N  ii ] spectra of the planetary nebula Hu 2-1. A large number of structural components are identified in the nebula: an outer bipolar and an inner shell, two pairs of collimated bipolar structures at different directions, monopolar bow-shock-like structures, and an extended equatorial structure within a halo. The formation of Hu 2-1 appears to be dominated by anisotropic mass ejection during the late-AGB stage of the progenitor and by variable, 'precessing' collimated bipolar outflows during the protoplanetary nebula and/or early planetary nebula phases. Different observational results strongly support the existence of a binary central star in Hu 2-1, among them (1) the observed point-symmetry of the bipolar lobes and inner shell, and the departures from axial symmetry of the bipolar lobes, (2) the off-centre position of the central star, (3) the detection of mass ejection towards the equatorial plane, and (4) the presence of 'precessing' collimated outflows. In addition, (5) an analysis of the kinematics shows that the systemic velocity of the bipolar outflows does not coincide with the systemic velocity of the bipolar shell. We propose that this velocity difference is a direct evidence of orbital motion of the ejection source in a binary system. From a deduced orbital velocity of ∼10 km s⁻¹, a semimajor axis of ∼ 9–27 au and period of ∼ 25–80 yr are obtained, assuming a reasonable range of masses. These parameters are used to analyse the formation of Hu 2-1 within current scenarios of planetary nebulae with binary central stars.  相似文献   

Multifrequency Polarization Variations in the Quasar 0917＋624     

Shan-Jie Qian  A. Kraus  Xi-Zhen Zhang  T. P. Krichbaum  A. Witzel  J. A. Zensus National Astronomical Observatories  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie  Auf dem Hugel  Bonn  Germany 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2002,2(4):325-346

We present a detailed analysis of multi-frequency observations of linear polarization in the intraday variable quasar 0917+624 (z = 1.44). The observations were made in May 1989 at five frequencies (1.4, 2.7, 5.0, 8.3 and 15GHz) with the VLA and the Effelsberg 100 m-telescope and in December 1988 at two frequencies (2.7 and 5.0 GHz) with the latter. It is shown that the relationship between the variations of the polarized and total flux density is highly wavelength dependent, and the multi-frequency polarization behavior may be essential for investigating the mechanisms causing these variations. It is shown that the variations observed at 20 cm can be interpreted in terms of refractive interstellar scintillation. However, after subtracting the variation due to scintillation, three 'features' emerged in the light-curve of the polarized flux density, indicating an additional variable component. Interestingly, these features are shown to be correlated with the variations at 2-6 cm, thus indicating that thes  相似文献   

Finite-difference Euler Deconvolution Algorithm Applied to the Interpretation of Magnetic Data from Northern Bulgaria     

Daniela?GerovskaEmail author  Petar?Stavrev  Marcos J.?Araúzo-Bravo 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2005,162(3):591-608

  相似文献   

A Local Least-Squares Modification of Stokes’ Formula     

L.E. Sjöberg 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2005,49(1):23-30

The combination of Stokes formula and an Earth Gravity Model (EGM) for geoid determination has become a standard procedure. However, the way of modifying Stokes formula vary from author to author, and numerous methods of modification exist. Most methods are deterministic, with the primary goal of reducing the truncation bias committed by limiting the area of Stokes integration around the computation point, but there are also some stochastic methods with the explicit goal to reduce the global mean square error of the geoid height estimator stemming from the truncation bias as well as the random errors of the EGM and the gravity data. The latter estimators are thus, at least from a theoretical point of view, optimal in a global mean sense, but in a local sense they may be far from optimality.Here we take advantage of the error variance-covariance matrices of the EGM and the terrestrial gravity data to derive the modification parameters of Stokes kernel in a local least-squares sense. The solution is given for the unbiased type of modification of Stokes formula of Sjöberg (1991).  相似文献