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在沉积学中,可假设在相同时期的沉积层具有相近的物理性质和演化过程.因此,沿层传播的地震波和垂直于地层传播的地震波具有各向异性的特点.在纵波资料的处理中,考虑各向异性对逆时偏移的影响,通常假设介质的横波速度为零,这样可以得到纵波在TTI介质中的传播方程,但是该方程在实际计算中仍存在数值稳定性问题.本文加入横波分量可有效解决数值稳定性问题,并选取适当的横波速度减小对纵波成像的影响,实现地震波在TTI介质中的逆时偏移.实际测算表明,P-SV波的方程中包含横波分量,若假设SV的速度为零,则会导致方程的差分格式不稳定;若加入SV波,选择合适的SV波速度可以使SV波的全区各向异性和反射系数达到极小,并可有效的抑制SV波对纵波勘探的影响.本文的方法是一种稳定的TTI介质中的逆时偏移方法. 相似文献
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Martin Tygel Bjørn Ursin Einar Iversen Maarten V. de Hoop 《Geophysical Prospecting》2012,60(2):201-216
Starting from a given time‐migrated zero‐offset data volume and time‐migration velocity, recent literature has shown that it is possible to simultaneously trace image rays in depth and reconstruct the depth‐velocity model along them. This, in turn, allows image‐ray migration, namely to map time‐migrated reflections into depth by tracing the image ray until half of the reflection time is consumed. As known since the 1980s, image‐ray migration can be made more complete if, besides reflection time, also estimates of its first and second derivatives with respect to the time‐migration datum coordinates are available. Such information provides, in addition to the location and dip of the reflectors in depth, also an estimation of their curvature. The expressions explicitly relate geological dip and curvature to first and second derivatives of reflection time with respect to time‐migration datum coordinates. Such quantitative relationships can provide useful constraints for improved construction of reflectors at depth in the presence of uncertainty. Furthermore, the results of image‐ray migration can be used to verify and improve time‐migration algorithms and can therefore be considered complementary to those of normal‐ray migration. So far, image‐ray migration algorithms have been restricted to layered models with isotropic smooth velocities within the layers. Using the methodology of surface‐to‐surface paraxial matrices, we obtain a natural extension to smooth or layered anisotropic media. 相似文献
124.
The conventional velocity scan can be computationally expensive for large‐scale seismic data sets, particularly when the presence of anisotropy requires multiparameter scanning. We introduce a fast algorithm for 3D azimuthally anisotropic velocity scan by generalizing the previously proposed 2D butterfly algorithm for hyperbolic Radon transforms. To compute semblance in a two‐parameter residual moveout domain, the numerical complexity of our algorithm is roughly as opposed to of the straightforward velocity scan, with N being the representative of the number of points in a particular dimension of either data space or parameter space. Synthetic and field data examples demonstrate the superior efficiency of the proposed algorithm. 相似文献
125.
正交各向异性介质P波走时分析及Thomsen参数反演 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:10
对于包含有垂向裂缝的横向各向同性地层或含有多组正交裂缝的各向同性地层,正交各向异性介质模型是最简单的与实际地层相符的方位各向异性模型.本文对单层水平反射界面正交各向异性模型采用射线追踪法计算了全方位角变化的P波走时,时距曲线表现出强方位各向异性.采用小生境遗传算法,对三条成一定角度的测线的走时信息进行速度和各向异性参数反演.模型算例表明,此方法可以得到高精度的裂缝方位角、P波垂直速度和较高精度的Thomsen各向异性参数. 相似文献
126.
This paper deals with two shortcomings of the smooth-joint contact model (SJCM) used in the particle flow code (PFC). The first shortcoming is the increase of the shear strength of the joint when the shear displacement of the joint exceeds a specific value that is related to the particle size. This problem is named as the interlocking problem, which is caused by the interlocking particles. It occurs due to a shortcoming of the updating procedure in the PFC software related to the contact conditions of the particles that lie around the intended joint plane during high shear displacements. This problem also increases the dilation angle and creates unwanted fractures around the intended joint plane. To solve this problem two new approaches are proposed in this paper: (1) joint plane checking (JPC) approach and (2) joint sides checking (JSC) approach. These approaches and the regular approach are used to model: (a) the direct shear test using the PFC2D and PFC3D, (b) the biaxial test on a sample having a persistent joint with a dip angle varying from 0° to 90° at an interval of 15° using the PFC2D and (c) the polyaxial test on two samples, one of them having a joint with a dip direction of 0° and the dip angle varying from 0° to 90° at an interval of 15°, and the other sample having a joint with a dip angle of 60° and the dip direction varying from 0° to 90° at an interval of 15° using the PFC3D. All numerical results show that the JPC and JSC approaches can solve the interlocking problem. Also, they proved to be more consistent with the theory compared to the regular approach. However, the JPC approach leads to a slightly softer joint. Therefore, the JSC approach is suggested for jointed rock modeling using the PFC. The other shortcoming of the SJCM dealt within this paper is its inability to capture the non-linear behavior of the joint closure varying with the joint normal stress. This problem is solved in this paper by proposing a new modified smooth-joint contact model (MSJCM). MSJCM uses a linear relation between the joint normal stiffness and the normal contact stress to model the non-linear relation between the joint normal deformation and the joint normal stress observed in the compression joint normal stiffness test. A good agreement obtained between the results from the experimental test and the numerical modeling of the compression joint normal test shows the accuracy of this new model. 相似文献
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