灼烧法中有机质与总有机碳换算关系的重建及其在页岩分析中的应用   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

邱灵佳  黄国林  帅琴  苏玉 《岩矿测试》2015,34(2):218-223

有机质与总有机碳(TOC)的换算关系为wo=1.724×wTOC,难以满足当前页岩气开发的现场测定要求,需要作出修正。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地南部页岩样品为研究对象,在传统灼烧法基础上,采用X射线荧光光谱仪测定页岩组成,得出影响烧失量的因素;用热重-差热仪研究页岩灼烧情况,确定了无机盐不分解而有机质分解的最佳灼烧温度和时间。通过线性拟合灼烧法测得的有机质含量与仪器法测得的有机碳含量间的换算关系,建立了一种通过测定烧失量来换算总有机碳含量的新方法。在页岩最佳灼烧温度480℃,灼烧时间1.5 h条件下线性拟合建立了两种新的换算关系,获得TOC测定值与仪器法的标准值相对误差分别为1.691%、0.486%,检出限分别为0.41%、1.60%。综合它们的优缺点,可将测定页岩类样品的换算关系重建为wo=2.125×wTOC。重建的方法通过严格控制灼烧温度,解决了传统灼烧法中烧失量因无机盐高温分解造成有机质代表性不足的问题,可用于精确测定页岩中的有机质或有机碳含量。  相似文献   

Ultraviolet spectroscopic study of EU UMa and ST LMi from HST and IUE observations     

《New Astronomy》2015

We present the first orbit-resolved ultraviolet spectroscopic observations of the two polar systems EU UMa and ST LMi obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Spectrograph (HST FOS) and International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) during their intermediate- and low-luminosity states in the period between 1982 and 2003. Different line profiles of the two systems showing variations of line fluxes at different orbital phases are presented. This paper focuses on the C IV emission line at 1550 Å produced in the accretion stream, presenting calculations of spectral line fluxes, ultraviolet luminosities, and accretion rates for the two systems. Our analysis of the spectroscopic data reveals changes with orbital phase of the emission line profiles that correspond to the light curve variations of both EU UMa and ST LMi in the optical and infrared bands. The variations of line fluxes are attributed to variations of both density and temperature as a result of a changing rate of mass transfer from the secondary star to the white dwarf. The ultraviolet luminosity and accretion rate of EU UMa are smaller than the ultraviolet luminosity and accretion rate of ST LMi.  相似文献   

基于Delta算子的航天器自主交会鲁棒故障检测滤波器设计     

刘瑞霞  张会焱  杜焕超  徐元博 《南京气象学院学报》2020,12(3):298-304

针对有限通信情形下航天器自主交会的故障检测问题,提出了基于Delta算子的鲁棒故障检测滤波器设计方法.采用C-W方程来描述航天器间的相对运动模型,通过Delta算子方法对其进行离散化处理得到系统的离散模型.在故障检测滤波器设计中,考虑信号量化和数据丢包同时存在的情况,并且采用随机伯努利序列来描述数据丢包现象.最后,基于LMI方法给出故障诊断存在的充分条件,并通过数值仿真验证了所设计滤波器的有效性.  相似文献   

基于随机森林的暴雨灾害人口损失预估模型及应用     

刘扬  王维国 《气象》2020,46(3):393-402

基于2009—2017年的广西县级暴雨灾情记录,综合考虑致灾因子、孕灾环境和承灾体因素选取7个解释变量,运用随机森林算法,构建暴雨灾害人口损失预估模型;并以精细化网格降水实况分析和预报产品驱动模型,预估是否发生人口损失。研究结果表明:模型训练样本及测试样本的分类准确率均在90%以上,致灾因子(降水情况)是最主要的解释变量,重要性从大到小依次是前10 d降水距平百分率、过程最大日雨量、最大小时雨量和短时强降水频次。应用智能网格降水产品对广西地区近两年的暴雨灾害过程进行回报试验,准确率超过70%。  相似文献   

对转压气机三维掠动叶优化设计     

曹志远  刘波  张国臣  杨小东  陈得胜  李俊 《贵州气象》2013,(4):486-492

为探索三维掠动叶降低对转压气机二次流损失的潜力,进一步提高对转压气机气动性能,基于近似函数与遗传算法,针对某对转压气机双排转子在整机环境下进行三维掠动叶优化设计,并对优化前后流场进行对比分析。优化成功的得到了双排“S”形掠动叶,结果表明:三维掠动叶有效改善了双排动叶吸力面径向二次流,减小了吸力面低速区,提高了对转压气机性能,优化工况点整机效率提高0.6%,全工况范围内效率均有所提高;三维掠动叶提高对转压气机效率的根本原因是其对径向负荷分配的重新调整,将叶展下方流动较差区域负荷移至叶展上方,改善流场的同时保证对转压气机负荷不变。   相似文献   

TROPICAL CYCLONE DAMAGES IN CHINA UNDER GLOBAL WARMING   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张娇艳  吴立广  张强 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2013,19(2):120-129

Over the past 25 years, an annual average of 6 to 7 tropical cyclones (TCs) made landfall on China mainland and Hainan Island with an average intensity of 29.9 m/s at landfall and maintained at least tropical storm intensity for 15.6 hours over land, leading to 505 deaths and 37 billion yuan in direct economic loss, which accounted for 0.4% of the annual GDP of China. Although there was little change in the overall landfall frequency, intensity at landfall and overland duration, the annual total direct economic loss increased significantly due to the rapid economic development over the past 25 years. Under global warming, the intensity of TCs that made landfall on Hainan decreased but the overland duration and frequency of TCs that made landfall on Fujian and Zhejiang increased. At the national and provincial levels, the ratio of the direct economic loss to GDP and casualties caused by landfall tropical cyclones decreased, suggesting the effectiveness of disaster prevention and reduction in China.  相似文献   

A High Precision Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Flood Disaster Loss Based on Improved Genetic Programming     

ZHOU Yuliang LU Guihua JIN Juliang TONG Fang ZHOU Ping 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(4):322-326

Precise comprehensive evaluation of flood disaster loss is significant for the prevention and mitigation of flood disasters. Here, one of the difficulties involved is how to establish a model capable of describing the complex relation between the input and output data of the system of flood disaster loss. Genetic programming （GP） solves problems by using ideas from genetic algorithm and generates computer programs automatically. In this study a new method named the evaluation of the grade of flood disaster loss （EGFD） on the basis of improved genetic programming （IGP） is presented （IGP-EGFD）. The flood disaster area and the direct economic loss are taken as the evaluation indexes of flood disaster loss. Obviously that the larger the evaluation index value, the larger the corresponding value of the grade of flood disaster loss is. Consequently the IGP code is designed to make the value of the grade of flood disaster be an increasing function of the index value. The result of the application of the IGP-EGFD model to Henan Province shows that a good function expression can be obtained within a bigger searched function space; and the model is of high precision and considerable practical significance. Thus, IGP-EGFD can be widely used in automatic modeling and other evaluation systems.  相似文献   

The 2.9-4.2 micron spectrum of Saturn: Clouds and CH₄, PH₃, and NH₃     

Sang J. Kim  T.R. Geballe 《Icarus》2005,179(2):449-458

We have used synthetic spectra to analyze a medium resolution 2.9-4.2 μm spectrum of Saturn's temperate region observed at UKIRT using CGS4. The synthetic spectra include CH₄, PH₃, and NH₃ lines, for which mixing ratios were adopted from recent Cassini results. The observed absorption features in the spectrum are well accounted for by lines of these molecular species formed 22 +/− 8 km above the 1 bar pressure level at ∼610 mbar. The influence of optically thin haze particles at higher altitudes on the spectrum is not pronounced, with higher spectral resolution probably required to constrain the effects of haze in this wavelength region. Fluorescent line emission by CH₄ in its ν₃ and ν₃+ν₄−ν₄ bands, detected in the 3.2-3.5 μm region, originates between 400 km (∼0.06 mbar) and 800 km (∼0.01 μbar) above the 1 bar level, with peak contributions from the two major contributing bands at 550 km (∼3 μbar) and 700 km (∼0.1 μbar), respectively.  相似文献   

Accurate jovian radio flux density measurements show ammonia to be subsaturated in the upper troposphere     

James Gibson  W.J. Welch  Imke de Pater 《Icarus》2005,173(2):439-446

The availability of new accurate radio flux densities of Jupiter in and around the λ?1.3 cm ammonia absorption band, one from ground-based radio data and five from the WMAP satellite, permits re-examination of the structure of the jovian upper troposphere. These flux densities, with accuracies of 1-3%, indicate that the jovian atmospheric ammonia is globally subsaturated within and above the ammonia cloud tops, 0.4 bar?P?0.6 bar, and subsolar (by a factor of 2) below the cloud base, 0.6 bar?P?2 bar.  相似文献   

Importance of soil surface characteristics on water erosion in a small grazed Sahelian catchment     

H. Karambiri  O. Ribolzi  J. P. Delhoume  J. Ducloux  A. Coudrain‐Ribstein  A. Casenave 《水文研究》2003,17(8):1495-1507

This study concerns the problem of water erosion in the Sahel. Surface water and sediment yields (suspended matter and bedload) were monitored for 3 years (1998–2000) at the outlet of a small grazed catchment (1·4 ha) in the northern part of Burkina Faso. The catchment consists of about 64% sandy deposits (DRY soil surface type), which support most of the vegetation, and about 34% of crusted bare soils (ERO soil surface type). The annual solid‐matter export is more than 90% suspended sediment, varying between 4·0 and 8·4 t ha^?1. The bedload represents less than 10% of soil losses. In a single flood event (10 year return period), the sediment yield can reach 4·2 t ha^?1. During the period studied, a small proportion (20 to 32%) of the floods was thus responsible for a large proportion (80%) of the solid transport. Seasonal variation of the suspended‐matter content was also observed: high mean values (9 g l^?1) in June, decreasing in July and stabilizing in August (between 2 and 4 g l^?1). This behaviour may be a consequence of a reorganization of the soil surfaces that have been destroyed by trampling animals during the previous long dry season, vegetation growth (increase in the protecting effect of the herbaceous cover) and, to a lesser extent, particle‐supply limitation (exhaustion of dust deposits during July). The particle‐size distribution in the suspended matter collected at the catchment outlet is 60% made up of clay: fraction ≤2 µ m. The contribution of this clay is maximum when the water rises and its kaolinite/quartz ratio is then close to that of the ERO‐type surfaces. This indicates that these surfaces are the main source of clay within the catchment. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献