螺旋式扶正器与钻铤组合满眼防斜钻具在基岩地层深水井施工中的应用     

梁贵和  关洪军  毛云 《水文地质工程地质》2005,32(1):98-101

井斜问题是钻井工作,特别是深井钻探中普遍存在的一个问题,它直接关系到钻孔的质量和钻进的安全。本文分析了造成孔斜的原因、防斜原理,介绍了螺旋式扶正器与钻铤组合满眼防斜钻具的工作原理、结构及相关的参数计算方法,并通过工程实例阐述了其在基岩水井钻探中的具体应用,分析了其防斜效果,总结了该技术的特点及其应用前景。  相似文献   

The Variscan tectonic inheritance of the Upper Rhine Graben: evidence of reactivations in the Lias,Late Eocene–Oligocene up to the recent     

J.-B. Edel  K. Schulmann  Y. Rotstein 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(2):305-325

Processing of gravity and magnetic maps shows that the basement of the Upper Rhine Graben area is characterized by a series of NE–SW trending discontinuities and elongated structures, identified in outcrops in the Vosges, Black Forest, and the Odenwald Mountains. They form a 40 km wide, N30–40° striking, sinistral wrench-zone that, in the Visean, shifted the Variscan and pre-Variscan structures by at least 43 km to the NE. Wrenching was associated with emplacement of several generations of plutonic bodies emplaced in the time range 340–325 Ma. The sub-vertical, NE–SW trending discontinuities in the basement acted as zones of weakness, susceptible to reactivation by subsequent tectonism. The first reactivation, marked by mineralizations and palaeomagnetic overprinting along NE–SW faults of the Vosges Mountains, results from the Liassic NW–SE extension contemporaneous with the break-up of Pangea. The major reactivation occurred during the Late Eocene N–S compression and the Early-Middle Oligocene E–W extension. The NE–SW striking basement discontinuities were successively reactivated as sinistral strike-slip faults, and as oblique normal faults. Elongated depocenters appear to form in association with reactivated Variscan wrench faults. Some of the recent earthquakes are located on NE–SW striking Variscan fault zones, and show sinistral strike-slip focal mechanisms with the same direction, suggesting also present reactivation.  相似文献   

Simulated effect of a forest road on near‐surface hydrologic response: redux     

Benjamin B. Mirus  Brian A. Ebel  Keith Loague  Beverley C. Wemple 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(1):126-142

In the work reported here the comprehensive physics‐based Integrated Hydrology Model (InHM) was employed to conduct both three‐ and two‐dimensional (3D and 2D) hydrologic‐response simulations for the small upland catchment known as C3 (located within the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest in Oregon). Results from the 3D simulations for the steep unchannelled C3 (i) identify subsurface stormflow as the dominant hydrologic‐response mechanism and (ii) show the effect of the down‐gradient forest road on both the surface and subsurface flow systems. Comparison of the 3D results with the 2D results clearly illustrates the importance of convergent subsurface flow (e.g. greater pore‐water pressures in the hollow of the catchment for the 3D scenario). A simple infinite‐slope model, driven by subsurface pore‐water pressures generated from the 3D and 2D hydrologic‐response simulations, was employed to estimate slope stability along the long‐profile of the C3 hollow axis. As expected, the likelihood of slope failure is underestimated for the lower pore pressures from the 2D hydrologic‐response simulation compared, in a relative sense, to the higher pore pressures from the 3D hydrologic response simulation. The effort reported herein provides a firm quantitative foundation for generalizing the effects that forest roads can have on near‐surface hydrologic response and slope stability at the catchment scale. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

中国近40年来雾的研究   总被引：121，自引：6，他引：121  

李子华 《气象学报》2001,59(5):616-624

自１９５８年以来，中国一直重视人工消雾试验和雾的物理学研究。文中总结了４０余年来中国在 人工消雾、雾的物理化学特性、雾生消物理过程研究等方面的成就，介绍了 雾与生态环境之间的紧密关系及雾数值模式研究的发展过程和取得的重要成果。 雾是贴地层空气中悬浮着大量水滴或冰晶微粒而使水平能见距离降到１　ｋｍ以内的天气现象 。它不仅对水陆空交通有不利影响，而且对工农业生产和人民身体健康也带来了严重危害。 纯净 雾水也有有利的一面，比如云南省南部的雾对生产高质量的茶叶及发展橡胶林十分有利。对 一些干旱地区还可“雾中取水”。近些年来发现，雾与生态环境关系密切，研究雾可为保护 生态环境提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Behaviour of H₂O₂, NH₃, and black carbon in mixed-phase clouds during CIME     

Paolo Laj  Andrea I. Flossmann  Wolfram Wobrock  Sandro Fuzzi  Giordano Orsi  Loretta Ricci  Stephan Mertes  Alfons Schwarzenbck  Jost Heintzenberg  Harry Ten Brink 《Atmospheric Research》2001,58(4):256

We investigated the partitioning of trace substances during the phase transition from supercooled to mixed-phase cloud induced by artificial seeding. Simultaneous determination of the concentrations of H₂O₂, NH₃ and black carbon (BC) in both condensed and interstitial phases with high time resolution showed that the three species undergo different behaviour in the presence of a mixture of ice crystals and supercooled droplets. Both H₂O₂ and NH₃ are efficiently scavenged by growing ice crystals, whereas BC stayed predominantly in the interstitial phase. In addition, the scavenging of H₂O₂ is driven by co-condensation with water vapour onto ice crystals while NH₃ uptake into the ice phase is more efficient than co-condensation alone. The high solubility of NH₄⁺ in the ice could explain this result. Finally, it appears that the H₂O₂–SO₂ reaction is very slow in the ice phase with respect to the liquid phase. Our results are directly applicable for clouds undergoing limited riming.  相似文献   

地球空间双星探测计划   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

刘振兴 《地球物理学报》2001,44(4):573-580

地球空间双星探测计划包括两颗小卫星,将分别运行于目前国际上地球空间探测卫星尚未覆盖的近地赤道区和近地极区.双星计划的主要科学目标是用高分辨率的仪器在近地空间的主要活动区探测场和粒子的时空变化;研究磁层亚暴、磁暴和磁层粒子暴的触发机制及磁层空间暴对太阳活动和行星际扰动的响应过程;建立地球空间环境的动态模式.为了实现科学目标,赤道卫星和极区卫星上各载有9台探测仪器.赤道卫星的轨道是:近地点550km,远地点60000km,倾角约2.5°;极区卫星轨道是:近地点350km,远地点25000km,倾角约90°左右.为了使双星计划与欧空局ClusterⅡ相配合,赤道卫星计划于2002年12月发射,极区卫星计划于2003年6月发射.双星计划与ClusterⅡ相配合,可形成地球空间6点探测计划,这将成为21世纪初国际上重要的地球空间探测计划.  相似文献   

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚和重力测量——2001年诺贝尔物理学奖评介   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张昌达 《地质科技情报》2001,20(4):107-110

介绍了2001年诺贝尔物理学奖获得者康奈尔，韦曼，克特勒的科学研究成果，实验玻色－爱因斯坦凝聚（BEC）及其在理论上的意义和应用前景，讨论了BEC在研制高精度重力仪方面的应用问题，为此回顾了重力测量现状，朱棣文等研制的原子干涉重力仪和ClauserJ提出的物质波干涉重力仪，分析表明，如果利用BEC，则重力仪的测量精度在朱棣文等工作基础上将会有很大的提高。  相似文献   

煤矿采空区钻孔注浆治理工艺   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

任红旗 《中国煤田地质》2001,13(2):102-103

钻孔注浆充填固结处理煤矿采空区塌陷是一种经济快捷的有效方法，本文就其施工工艺方法进行了简单分析，期望能为其它类似工程提供参考。  相似文献   

Lunar Laser Ranging: Glorious Past And A Bright Future   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peter J. Shelus 《Surveys in Geophysics》2001,22(5-6):517-535

Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR), a part of the NASA Apollo program, has beenon-going for more than 30 years. It provides the grist for a multi-disciplinarydata analysis mill. Results exist for solid Earth sciences, geodesy and geodynamics,solar system ephemerides, terrestrial and celestial reference frames, lunar physics,general relativity and gravitational theory. Combined with other data, it treatsprecession of the Earth's spin axis, lunar induced nutation, polar motion/Earthrotation, Earth orbit obliquity to the ecliptic, intersection of the celestial equatorwith the ecliptic, luni-solar solid body tides, lunar tidal deceleration, lunar physicaland free librations, structure of the moon and energy dissipation in the lunar interior.LLR provides input to lunar surface cartography and surveying, Earth station and lunar retroreflector location and motion, mass of the Earth-moon system, lunar and terrestrial gravity harmonics and Love numbers, relativistic geodesic precession, and the equivalence principle of general relativity. With the passive nature of the reflectors and steady improvement in observing equipment and data analysis, LLR continues to provide state-of-the-art results. Gains are steady as the data-base expands. After more than 30 years, LLR remains the only active Apollo experiment. It is important to recognize examples of efficient and cost effective progress of research. LLR is just such an example.  相似文献   

利用非金属矿制备白炭黑现状及发展前景   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

周光  王廷吉 《华东地质学院学报》2001,24(4):298-302

简术了白炭黑的用途和制备方法，综述了利用非金属矿制备白炭黑的方法和技术现状，对充分利用非金属矿制备白炭黑提供思路并展望其发展前景。  相似文献