Mapping seascapes of international environmental arrangements in the Coral Triangle     

Pedro Fidelman  Julia A. Ekstrom 《Marine Policy》2012

The Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security (CTI), adopted recently in response to the degradation of coastal and marine environments in the Southeast Asia-Pacific’s Coral Triangle, emphasises the need for using existing international and regional fora to promote implementation. Large-scale marine initiatives, including the CTI, very often must contend with a remarkably complex institutional system. This raises the question of whether and how such complexity can be conducive to marine resources management. To answer this question, this paper aims to better understand the governance context in which the CTI was established (i.e., map governance fragmentation/complexity), and explore how such a context may support the implementation of the CTI goals (i.e., examine normative interplay). To conduct this examination, it uses an objective method that allows users to view and explore institutional arrangements through a network approach. By documenting the system of existing institutions in the Coral Triangle, the study shows that the Coral Triangle governance system is illustrative of those of international environmental governance. It involves multiple policy domains, and features different institutional arrangements and variability in terms of geographical scope and main subject matter. Such a system is complex and fragmented, marked by jurisdiction and functional overlaps. The paper suggests interplay management, such as inter-institutional learning and enhancing institutional synergy, as a promising process to promote inter-institutional coordination.  相似文献   

Governing large-scale marine commons: Contextual challenges in the Coral Triangle     

Pedro Fidelman  Louisa EvansMichael Fabinyi  Simon FoaleJosh Cinner  Franciska Rosen 《Marine Policy》2012,36(1):42-53

Environment and development agendas are increasingly being characterised by regional-scale initiatives. This trend is in part motivated by recognition of the need to account for global drivers of change (e.g., climate change, migration, and globalisation), the aspirations of achieving large-scale ecological goals (such as maintaining ecosystem processes), and reconciling potentially conflicting priorities in multi-use planning. However, regional-scale governance is challenging and there is little theoretical guidance or empirical evidence to suggest how it can be achieved. This paper uses the Institutional Analysis and Development framework to highlight the diverse contextual factors that challenge governance of a large-scale marine common, using an example of the Coral Triangle Initiative. The analysis points to the need for a critical, reflexive approach to the Coral Triangle Initiative if it is to effectively navigate diverse contexts and reconcile multiple objectives in the region. Recognising the heterogeneous, multi-scale and interlinked nature of large-scale marine systems is critical. Coping with contextual complexity will require innovative approaches that strive to be inclusive of varied perspectives and actors, enable and support effective collective-choice arrangements at lower levels of organisation, and organise and link diverse institutional arrangements at multiple scales. Large-scale marine governance will also involve a great deal of experimentation and regular adjustments to governance arrangements to account for the dynamic nature of regional commons.  相似文献   

Effects of natural gas condensate - water accommodated fraction on coral larvae     

Villanueva RD  Montaño MN  Yap HT 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(8):1422-1428

The toxic effects of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of a natural gas condensate on the larvae of five brooding coral species of the Family Pocilloporidae were examined in short term (96 h) bioassays. Lethality was observed in some larvae of Seriatopora hystrix and Seriatopora guttatus upon exposure to high concentrations of the condensate WAF, while those of Stylophora pistillata, Pocillopora damicornis and Pocillopora verrucosa did not experience mortality. Furthermore, increasing concentrations of WAF produced either delayed or impeded metamorphosis for all species except P. damicornis. Growth of juveniles, exposed to different WAF treatments for 96 h during their larval/early juvenile stages, was measured after 30 d. Marked decrease in subsequent growth rate (polyp count) was observed for S. hystrix, S. guttatus and S. pistillata with increasing WAF concentration. The results showed differential susceptibility of larvae of closely related coral species to oil stress, with the following sensitivity ranking: S. guttatus>S. hystrix>S. pistillata>P. verrucosa>P. damicornis. Oil exposure during the planktonic, larval stage of susceptible corals can adversely affect survivorship, recruitment and/or subsequent colony growth, thereby having profound consequences for the abundance of these corals in space and time.  相似文献   

珊瑚礁海岸水动力学问题研究综述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

姚宇 《水科学进展》2019,30(1):139-152

珊瑚礁水动力学是一个涉及生态、环境、地质和工程学的交叉课题,其水动力学研究不仅为珊瑚礁海域生态系统的维护和海岸线的演变提供一定的理论参考,还能为海岸的防灾减灾以及岛礁工程的建设提供一定的决策依据。回顾了国内外珊瑚礁海岸水动力问题的研究与进展,从现场观测、理论模型、物理模型试验和数值模型4个方面对当前该领域的研究进展进行了综述,并提出今后现场观测研究对象可关注南中国海的珊瑚岛礁,理论分析方法可侧重考虑非线性波浪理论,物理模型试验可采用大型波浪水槽和港池来复演现场尺度的水动力问题,数值模型可采用计算流体力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD）方法对波浪与珊瑚礁相互作用进行精细化模拟,本文旨在为今后国内珊瑚礁水动力学方面的相关研究提供一定的借鉴和参考。  相似文献   

预应力混凝土空间框架节点二维拟静力试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李旭红  房贞政  陈浩德 《地震工程与工程振动》2009,29(1)

采用拟静力试验方法对预应力混凝土和普通钢筋混凝土空间框架内节点进行了不同轴压比下单、双向循环加载的试验研究,得到不同加载方式下试件的滞回曲线。分析了各个试件的破坏形式、承载力、刚度、延性及耗能能力,通过比较和对滞回曲线的分析得出：双向水平荷载作用对构件耦合作用明显,构件存在扭转效应,构件的强度退化和刚度退化比单向荷载作用严重,节点的耗能能力降低。  相似文献   

Assessment of metals and a metalloid in sediments from Hawaiian coral reef ecosystems     

Laetitia Hdouin  Amanda J. Reichelt-Brushett  Ruth D. Gates 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(11):1759-1765

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Sewage impacts coral reefs at multiple levels of ecological organization     

Pasinee Reopanichkul  Thomas A. Schlacher  R.W. Carter  Suchai Worachananant 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(9):1356-1362

Against a backdrop of rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification which pose global threats to coral reefs, excess nutrients and turbidity continue to be significant stressors at regional and local scales. Because interventions usually require local data on pollution impacts, we measured ecological responses to sewage discharges in Surin Marine Park, Thailand. Wastewater disposal significantly increased inorganic nutrients and turbidity levels, and this degradation in water quality resulted in substantial ecological shifts in the form of (i) increased macroalgal density and species richness, (ii) lower cover of hard corals, and (iii) significant declines in fish abundance. Thus, the effects of nutrient pollution and turbidity can cascade across several levels of ecological organization to change key properties of the benthos and fish on coral reefs. Maintenance or restoration of ecological reef health requires improved wastewater management and run-off control for reefs to deliver their valuable ecosystems services.  相似文献   

Does use of tropical beaches by tourists and island residents result in damage to fringing coral reefs? A case study in Moorea French Polynesia     

Allison Juhasz  Ellen Ho  Erika Bender  Peggy Fong 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(12):2251-2256

Although coral reefs worldwide are subject to increasing global threats, humans also impact coral reefs directly through localized activities such as snorkeling, kayaking and fishing. We investigated five sites on the northern shore of Moorea, French Polynesia, and quantified the number of visitors on the beach and in shallow water. In field surveys, we measured total coral cover and colony sizes of two common genera, Porites and Acropora, a massive and branching morphology, respectively. One site, which hosted over an order of magnitude more people than the other four, had significantly less total coral cover and supported very little branching Acropora. In addition, size frequency distributions of both the branching and massive genera were skewed toward smaller colony sizes at the high use site. Our results demonstrated that the use of tropical beaches may result in less coral cover, with branching colonies rare and small.  相似文献   

Land-based nutrient enrichment of the Buccoo Reef Complex and fringing coral reefs of Tobago, West Indies     

Brian E. Lapointe  Richard Langton  Arthur C. Potts  Chuanmin Hu 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(3):334-343

Tobago’s fringing coral reefs (FR) and Buccoo Reef Complex (BRC) can be affected locally by wastewater and stormwater, and regionally by the Orinoco River. In 2001, seasonal effects of these inputs on water-column nutrients and phytoplankton (Chl a), macroalgal C:N:P and δ¹⁵N values, and biocover at FR and BRC sites were examined. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN, particularly ammonium) increased and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) decreased from the dry to wet season. Wet season satellite and Chl a data showed that Orinoco runoff reaching Tobago contained chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) but little Chl a, suggesting minimal riverine nutrient transport to Tobago. C:N ratios were lower (16 vs. 21) and macroalgal δ¹⁵N values higher (6.6‰ vs. 5.5‰) in the BRC vs. FR, indicating relatively more wastewater N in the BRC. High macroalgae and low coral cover in the BRC further indicated that better wastewater treatment could improve the health of Tobago’s coral reefs.  相似文献   

The Diagenesis of Coral Reefs     

Wang Rui  Yu Kefu  Wang Yinghui  Bian Lizeng 《地球科学进展》2017,32(3):221-233

Coral reefs are often constrained by diagenesis as a sound environmental archive. The correct understanding and evaluation of diagenesis is the key to the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of coral reefs. The diagenesis of coral reefs mainly includes cementation, dissolution, neomorphism and dolomitization etc. On the one hand, the diagenesis itself can record the paleoenvironment that coral reefs underwent, such as sea-level fluctuation, climate change, change of sea water, hydrothermal alteration, microbial activity and so on. The diagenetic evolution thus can be used for the reconstruction of paleoenvironment change. On the other hand, diagenesis also destroys the original environmental information which recorded of coral reefs recard, and it is necessary to know the degree of the impact of diagenesis. In the future, we should pay more attention to the study on the relationships among diagenesis, modern climate, sea-level change, atmospheric water transformation and microbial activity. It can provide more accurate and longer time series of paleoenvironmental information that coral reefs recorded.  相似文献