On the history of some explicit formulae for solving Kepler's equation     

E. Badolati  S. Ciccone 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2015,336(3):316-320

In this paper we examine, in their historical context, some approximate solutions for Kepler's equation. These explicit formulae, obtained by Trembley, Pacassi, Fergola, and Horrebow, had not a great diffusion and were thus often rediscovered by other astronomers. We will prove that the formulae are equivalent and, moreover, we will give an evaluation of the error. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

TM65 m射电望远镜低频段系统噪声温度测试和分析     

王锦清  虞林峰  赵融冰  蒋栋荣  娄方汛  劳保强  李斌  董健  范庆元 《天文学报》2015,56(1):63-76

首先介绍了天马65 m射电望远镜(简称TM65 m)接收系统,包括L、S、C、X 4个频段各部分的噪声指标.然后对系统噪声温度的几种测试方法进行了讨论;对影响系统噪声温度测量的若干关键因素进行了分析,包括非线性误差、馈源网络插入损耗和失配误差等.采用Y因子法对试验室的噪声源定标值进行了校核,校核后偏差达到0.2 K左右.最后给出了TM65 m 4个低频段系统噪声温度的实测结果,并进行了分析.  相似文献   

Probing the Earth’s Interior with the LENA Detector     

Kathrin A. Hochmuth  Franz V. Feilitzsch  Teresa Marrodán Undagoitia  Lothar Oberauer  Walter Potzel  Michael Wurm  Brian D. Fields 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2006,99(1-4):253-264

A future large-volume liquid scintillator detector such as the proposed 50 kton LENA (Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy) detector would provide a high-statistics measurement of terrestrial antineutrinos originating from β-decays of the uranium and thorium chains. Additionally, the neutron is scattered in the forward direction in the detection reaction . Henceforth, we investigate to what extent LENA can distinguish between certain geophysical models on the basis of the angular dependence of the geoneutrino flux. Our analysis is based on a Monte-Carlo simulation with different levels of light yield, considering an unloaded PXE scintillator. We find that LENA is able to detect deviations from isotropy of the geoneutrino flux with high significance. However, if only the directional information is used, the time required to distinguish between different geophysical models is of the order of severals decades. Nonetheless, a high-statistics measurement of the total geoneutrino flux and its spectrum still provides an extremely useful glance at the Earth’s interior.  相似文献   

From Gauß to Biermann: Highlights from the first 117 years of publications in Astronomische Nachrichten/Astronomical Notes     

R. von Berlepsch  K.G. Strassmeier 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2009,330(6):589-653

We present facsimiles of some of the scientifically and historically most relevant papers published in Astronomische Nachrichten/Astronomical Notes (AN) between 1821 and 1938. Almost all of these papers were written and printed in German and it is sometimes not completely straightforward to find these original works and then to cite the historically correct version, e.g. in case of a series of articles or editorial letters. It was common during the early years that many contributions were made in form of letters to the editor. We present a summary for these original works with an English translation of their titles. Among the highlights are the originals of the discovery of stellar parallaxes by FriedrichWilhelm Bessel, the discovery of the solar cycle by Heinrich Schwabe, the discovery of the planet Neptune by Johann Gottfried Galle, the first ever measured stellar radial velocity by Hermann Vogel, the discovery of radio emission from the Sun by Wilsing and Scheiner, the first ever conducted photoelectric photometry of stars by Paul Guthnick and up to the pioneering work by Karl Schwarzschild, Ejnar Hertzsprung, Erwin Finlay Freundlich and others. As a particular gimmick we present the still world record holding shortest paper ever published; by Johannes Hartmann in AN 226, 63 (1926) on Nova Pictoris. Our focus is on contributions in the early years and published until 1938 near the verge of the second world war (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

The Troughton & Simms transit circle of Coimbra Astronomical Observatory from the 1850s: An example of the dissemination of technological developments     

V. Bonifcio  I. Malaquias  J. Fernandes 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2009,330(6):544-551

Yesterday, as today, technological developments led by large and expensive instrumental projects are later on disseminated to smaller and more affordable devices. In 1847, Airy requested a new transit circle for the Greenwich Observatory. When the first observation was performed, on 4 January 1851, Airy's Greenwich Transit Circle (ATC) was the largest instrument of its class in the world. The construction of the ATC implied solving several technical difficulties, for example, the maintenance of the instrument rigidity and the illumination of the graduated circle and telescope field of view. After the ATC completion Troughton & Simms stand at the 1851 Great London Exhibition included two small transit instruments which were praised for their telescope field of view/eyepiece wires illumination. One of which, was based upon the design implemented beforehand on the ATC. In this paper we will discuss the field and eyepiece wire illumination innovations introduced on the ATC and the Simms transit instruments exhibited in 1851. We will also describe the small Troughton & Simms transit circle currently belonging to Coimbra Astronomical Observatory collection that is, we believe, one of the earliest implementation of this ATC lead development (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

Identifying Galactic PeVatrons with neutrinos     

M.C. Gonzalez-Garcia  Francis Halzen  Soumya Mohapatra   《Astroparticle Physics》2009,31(6):437-444

We perform a realistic evaluation of the potential of IceCube, a kilometer-scale neutrino detector under construction at the South Pole, to detect neutrinos in the direction of the potential accelerators of the Galactic cosmic rays. We take fully account of the fact that the measurement of the energy of the secondary muons at the detector can be used to further discriminate between the signal and the background of atmospheric neutrinos. A PeVatron is defined as the accelerator of cosmic rays with energies of several PeV, the knee in the spectrum; it has a hard energy spectrum and produces secondary photons of hundreds of GeV on the interstellar medium. Assuming that the Milagro sources are PeVatrons, an IceCube analysis combining the information from the different sources can reveal them as such at the 3σ level in one year and at the 5σ level in three years. We discuss the dependence of these expectations on the considerable ambiguities associated with the source spectra.  相似文献   

F.W. Bessel (1825): The calculation of longitude and latitude from geodesic measurements     

C.F.F. Karney  R.E. Deakin 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2010,331(8):852-861

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Chang’E-1 gamma ray spectrometer and preliminary radioactive results on the lunar surface     

Meng-Hua Zhu  Tao Ma 《Planetary and Space Science》2010,58(12):1547-1554

The Chang’E-1(CE-1) spacecraft took a gamma-ray spectrometer (hereafter, CGRS) to detect the element distributions on the lunar surface in a circular, 200 km altitude, polar orbit with approximately 2 h periodicity. CGRS consists of two large CsI(Tl) crystals as the main and anticoincidence detectors. The large CsI crystal of CGRS has a higher detector effective area than other lunar gamma ray spectrometers. For its 1-year mission, gamma ray spectra including many peaks of major elements and trace elements on the lunar surface have been measured by CGRS. Global measurement within 0.55-0.75 MeV is given here to describe the distribution of radioactive composition (e.g., uranium and thorium) on the lunar surface. Although CGRS has a lower energy resolution that cannot separate the uranium peak from others in this energy region, 609 keV uranium gamma ray line dominates the shape of the spectrum in this energy region. Therefore, the radioactive map can indirectly describe the uranium distribution on the lunar surface. The radioactive map shows that the higher radiation is concentrated in the Procellarum KREEP Terrene (PKT) on the nearside with an oval shape. The secondary high-radiation is located in South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin. Lunar highlands have lower concentration. The relationship between radiation and topography displays different linear correlations for lunar highlands and SPA basin, which imply the different processes for these two regions.  相似文献   

1m红外太阳望远镜光电导行系统中像场旋转的分析     

邓林华  许骏  宋腾飞  黄善杰  向永源 《天文研究与技术》2010,7(3)

云南天文台1m红外太阳望远镜(YNST)光电导行系统是基于检测太阳像在面阵CMOS图像传感器上的偏移量作为反馈控制信号的高精度闭环跟踪系统[1]。由于YNST是一个地平式装置,在太阳像偏移检测量中存在着像场旋转量,为了获取稳定清晰的太阳像,必须对检测量进行消旋[2]才能达到光电导行系统的跟踪要求。根据球面天文学及天体测量学的知识并结合导行镜的光学系统,推导了光电导行系统中像场旋转的变化规律并对其进行模拟分析。  相似文献   

粤东航空伽玛能谱资料整理的新认识     

林卜云 《铀矿地质》1995,11(4):232-235,253

本文通过粤东航空伽玛能谱资料的整理，总结了航空伽玛能谱特征及其与铀矿化的关系，预测了新的铀成矿远景区。  相似文献