Contemporary kinematics of the Upper Rhine Graben: A 3D finite element approach   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Thies J. Buchmann  Peter T. Connolly 《Global and Planetary Change》2007,58(1-4):287

The Upper Rhine Graben (URG), a Cenozoic intra-plate rift situated in the Alpine foreland, is presently characterised by relative slow tectonic deformation and low to medium seismicity. Concurrently, it is a region with a significant amount of ongoing subsidence in two recent depocentres (0.1 to 0.2 mm/a geological, 1 mm/a geodetical rate). In this paper, the recent kinematic behaviour of the URG is simulated using a 3D finite element model, containing three lithospheric layers (upper mantle, lower crust and upper crust) with different rheological properties. First order fault structures (e.g. border faults) are implemented as frictional contact surfaces within the upper crustal layer. The stresses generated by applying lateral displacements over a time period of 10 ka are insufficient to obtain a match between predicted and observed stress magnitudes. Therefore, a technique of “combined pre-stressing” has been developed to avoid unrealistic deformation and unrealistic stress magnitudes within the model. The stress magnitudes and stress directions predicted are calibrated against in-situ stress measurements and stress indicator data. For benchmarking of the modelling results, the vertical surface displacements predicted are compared to surface uplift derived from geological and geomorphological data. Furthermore, predicted fault slip rates are compared to available geological and geodetical data. Parameters derived from the calculated stress tensor, such as fracture potential and the regime stress ratio are also analysed in order to describe the possible kinematic behaviour of the URG. The modelling results suggest that the URG is currently being reactivated as a sinistral strike–slip system with the central segment of the URG forming a restraining bend and the two recent depocentres situated in releasing bend settings. The modelling results suggest that both sinistral shearing and mantle uplift are active mechanisms driving the recent kinematics of the URG and that the recent subsidence within the two depocentres is re-enforced by ongoing mantle uplift additionally.  相似文献   

Geomorphological signatures of the evolution of active normal faults along the Langshan Mountains,North China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Chuanqi He  Yali Cheng  Peng Chen  Jianmin Hu  Yangli Yu 《Geodinamica Acta》2018,30(1):163-182

Segmentation, propagation, and linkage of normal faults often occur in regions of active extension, and observations of the distribution and structural properties of segment boundaries can provide important insights for seismic hazard assessment. In this study, we carry out quantitative geomorphological analysis to evaluate the relative tectonic activity along the Langshan Piedmont Fault (LPF), which bounds the NW margin of the Hetao Graben, North China. On the basis of obtained morphometric indices (HI, BS, Smf, VF, SLK, and χ), tectonic knickpoint heights, footwall topography, and small unmanned aerial vehicles (sUAV)-based field observations, we demonstrate that: (i) The Langshan landscape is in a state of disequilibrium in response to active rock uplift and channel incision; (ii) The LPF consists of two major fault segments with lengths of 65 and 95 km, respectively, which likely have been linked with each other; (iii) Rupturing of the whole of one segment can generate an earthquake of M_w ~7.3–7.5, and earthquake magnitude may reach M_w ~7.8 if the entire fault trace of ~160 km is ruptured, posing a significant seismic risk in the western Hetao Graben. These findings would further our understanding of normal fault evolution through space and time in actively extending regions.  相似文献   

Graben-fissure systems in Guinevere Planitia and Beta Regio (264°-312°E, 24°-60°N), Venus, and implications for regional stratigraphy and mantle plumes     

R.E Ernst  D.W Desnoyers  E.B Grosfils 《Icarus》2003,164(2):282-316

Detailed mapping in a 14,000,000 km² area of northwestern Guinevere Planitia and northern Beta Regio bounded by 264°-312°E, 24°-60°N has revealed thousands of long extensional lineaments (graben, fissures and related fractures). These can be grouped into radiating, circumferential and linear systems. Thirty four radiating systems have been identified, of which 16 have radii greater than 300 km and eight have radii greater than 1000 km. Twenty six linear (straight) systems with a length greater than 300 km have been distinguished of which six have a length greater than 1000 km. Linear systems are generally associated with rifts, although some may represent distal portions of radiating systems. In addition, 19 circumferential systems, some associated with coronae, have been identified. The distribution of each system is compared with the host geology in order to place the graben-fissure systems in a regional stratigraphic framework. The majority of systems are: (1) younger than tesserae, ridge belts and densely fractured plains, (2) coeval with, and in many cases, define fracture belts, (3) partially flooded by wrinkle-ridged plains units, and (4) older than smooth and lobate plains units and young rifts. The inventory of radiating graben-fissure systems that we catalogue represents a database of tectono-magmatic centers that complements the centers defined using other criteria, e.g., large volcanoes, coronae, and shield fields. We have attempted to identify those systems that are underlain by dike swarms in order to evaluate their relationship to mantle plumes. At least 11 of the radiating systems extend well beyond any central topographic uplift and are therefore interpreted to be underlain by dike swarms.  相似文献   

High‐resolution seismic reflection profiling of neotectonic faults in Lake Timiskaming,Timiskaming Graben,Ontario‐Quebec,Canada     

Michael Doughty  Nick Eyles  Carolyn Eyles 《Sedimentology》2013,60(4):983-1006

The Timiskaming Graben is a 400 km long, 50 km wide north‐west trending morphotectonic depression within the Canadian Shield of eastern North America and experiences frequent intraplate earthquakes. The graben extends along the border of Ontario and Quebec, connecting southward with the Nipissing and Ottawa‐Bonnechere grabens and the St. Lawrence Rift System which includes a similar structure underlying the Hudson Valley of the eastern USA. Together they form a complex failed rift system related to regional extension of North American crust during the breakup of Rodinia and, later, Pangea. The Timiskaming Graben lies within a belt of heightened seismic activity (Western Quebec Seismic Zone) with frequent moderate magnitude (greater than magnitude 5) earthquakes including a magnitude 6.2 in 1935. These events threaten aging urban infrastructure built on soft glacial sediments; post‐glacial landslides along the Ottawa Valley suggest earthquakes as large as magnitude 7. The inner part of the Timiskaming Graben is filled by Lake Timiskaming, a large 110 km long post‐glacial successor to glacial Lake Barlow that was ponded by the Laurentide Ice Sheet 9500 years ago. The effects of frequent ground shaking on lake floor sediments was assessed by collecting more than 1000 line kilometres of high‐resolution ‘chirp’ seismic profiles. Late glacial Lake Barlow glaciolacustrine and overlying post‐glacial sediments are extensively deformed by extensional faults that define prominent horsts and grabens; multibeam bathymetry data suggest that faults influence the morphology of the modern lake floor, despite high sedimentation rates, and indicate recent neotectonic deformation. The Lake Timiskaming area provides evidence of post‐glacial intracratonic faulting related to recurring earthquake activity along a weak spot within the North American plate.  相似文献   

概述渭河地堑的形成发育和邻区的耦合关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张朝锋  郭安林  龚奇福  惠争卜 《陕西地质》2012,30(1):6-13

将秦岭造山带、渭河地堑和鄂尔多斯盆地作为相互联系的动力学系统,研究造山带-盆地系统中,渭河地堑的发生、发育过程和造山带隆升以及鄂尔多斯盆地构造变动之间的关系。将渭河地堑的发育过程分为：晚白垩世-古新世（1（2-E1）,始新世-上新世（E2-N2）,第四系（Qp,Qh）三个阶段。20±（2-4）MaBP是青藏高原演化的转折期,青藏高原开始对周围邻区产生整体影响和远程效应,渭河地堑的沉积可以与青藏运动、昆黄运动、共和运动相对应起来,为渭河地堑对青藏高原演化的远程响应。  相似文献   

Introduction     

Jean-Pierre Burg  Hilary Downes 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(1-2):1-2

Manisa Fault is a geomorphologically distinct normal dip-slip fault, which oversees the southern edge of the Manisa Graben that is a continuum of the Gediz Graben towards the west. This study aims to determine the neotectonic activity of the Manisa Fault and the most recent time of the change in its stress condition through age-dating data obtained by using ²³⁰Th/²³⁴U dating methodology applied on the calcite coating that develops over hanging-wall of the Manisa Fault and the calcite veins that occur as fracture fillings. The age of the calcite precipitations associated with the Manisa Fault was determined to be between 307?±?203 and 444?±?101?ka by using the ²³⁰Th/²³⁴U dating method. Evaluation of the carbonate precipitations on the Manisa Fault along with the age data and the kinematic indicators ascertained that the Manisa Fault switched to a dip-slip normal faulting character from Middle Pleistocene onwards and that the region was under the effect of a NE–SW directional extensional regime. In addition, the opening rate was attempted to be determined using the roll-over anticline structure that advanced depending upon the movement of the fault on the upper horizontal strata of colluviums, which developed in association with the Manisa Fault. Along with the evaluation of the rise in the horizontal stratification in colluvium and the obtained age data, opening rate of the Manisa Fault was determined as 0.01?mm?y^?1.  相似文献   

东非裂谷Tanganyika地堑石油地质特征和勘探潜力分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

赵伟  韩文明  胡滨 《中国地质调查》2016,3(1):14-19

随着东非裂谷乌干达区块的勘探获得重大突破,与之石油地质条件相似的Tanganyika地堑的勘探潜力受到了人们的重视。Tanganyika地堑地处东非,属于东非裂谷西支的中段,是典型陆内裂谷盆地,主要沉积中新世以来的地层,现仍大部分被湖水覆盖,湖盆水体较深。盆地整体分为2个次盆,呈三隆夹两凹的构造格局。盆地目前勘探程度较低,根据现有资料推测,盆地地层埋深较大,深洼区中新统地层发育成熟烃源岩,具有较大的生烃潜力和生烃规模; 陆内盆地物源相对充足,储盖组合条件较好; 应力复杂,能够形成大量多种类型构造及构造-地层圈闭; 各种成藏条件匹配关系较好,有利于油气聚集成藏。综合分析认为,盆地具有较大勘探潜力,其中盆地转换带是最有利的油气勘探区。  相似文献   

伊通地堑深部软流圈的上涌及其对盆地发育演化的控制和影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

余芳  孙家振  张玉芬 《地质科技情报》2009,28(3)

对广泛分布于伊通地堑边界断裂的新生代玄武岩稀土元素组成进行了岩石圈厚度反演,得到了新生代岩石圈厚度变化情况,并结合该区构造演化特征综合分析得出晚白垩世至更新世发生两期深部熔岩上涌：第一期发生于晚白垩世至古新世,软流圈上涌强度大,上涌至约50km,直接导致伊通盆地的断陷和沉降;第二期发生于中新世11．5～11．0Ma,持续时间短,软流圈上涌强度较弱,表现为隆起构造,对盆地断陷后期起改造作用,控制着莫里青地区尖山构造带的形成以及该地区沉降中心的迁移。  相似文献   

银川盆地东缘黄河断裂第四纪活动与分段性研究     

包国栋  陈虹  胡健民  朱桂繁 《地球学报》2019,40(4):614-628

银川盆地位于南北地震带的北段, 是一个典型的新生代断陷盆地, 自西向东发育贺兰山东麓山前断裂、芦花台断裂、银川隐伏断裂和黄河断裂等四条主要活动断裂。该盆地中记载的历史最大地震是 1739年平罗8级地震, 其发震断裂一直存在争议, 最近研究认为可能是黄河断裂, 但是缺乏直接的古地震证据。本文通过对黄河断裂的地貌特征、几何分布、构造变形序列和地震活动等方面的研究, 发现黄河断裂可以划分为红崖子段、陶乐段、滨河段和灵武段。断裂总体经历了早期由东向西逆冲变形向晚期西倾正断层的转换, 构造应力场由NW–SE向挤压转变为EW向伸展, 转换时间为晚更新世末。通过断裂不同位置活动性分析发现, 黄河断裂在晚更新世末—全新世期间至少经历了5次古地震事件, 其地震活动间隔约为 3 000 a。其中滨河段的最新活动是在4 000 a以前, 而陶乐段的最新活动可能在(330±30) a BP之后, 对研究1739年平罗8级地震的发震断裂具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

The episodic geomorphological-sedimentary evolution of different basins in the Fenwei Graben and its tectonic implication     

Xiaomeng Hu  Tianhang Zhou  Shun Cai 《地理学报(英文版)》2017,27(11):1359-1375

There are a series of basins in the Fenwei Graben. Field survey found that there took place several paleolake regressions or intensive stream down-incisions in all basins during the Mid-Late Quaternary. The lowest and oldest paleosol/loess units overlying three of the lacustrine terraces or alluvial ones and some paleomagenetism data from the lacustrine sediment indicate that the onset times of three paleolake regressions or intensive stream down-incisions are synchronous with the formation of L₉, L₆ and L₂ respectively in the Weihe Basin, S₈, S₅ and S₁ respectively in the Linfen-Taiyuan-Xingding Basins, and L₈, L₅ and L₁ respectively in the Datong Basin. The difference in the onset time of each lake regressions or intensive stream down-incision in different basins reveals that the farther the basin is from the Tibetan Plateau, the later it took place. Taking these field facts and the former research results in terms of the regional tectonic movement into account, it is inferred that the tectonic movement of the Tibetan Plateau most probably controlled such geomorphologicalsedimentary evolution in the graben.  相似文献