基于不等式约束的最小二乘法三维电阻率反演及其算法优化   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

刘斌  李术才  李树忱  聂利超  钟世航  李利平  宋杰  刘征宇 《地球物理学报》2012,55(1):260-268

基于光滑约束的最小二乘法是三维电阻率反演的主要方法,但该方法在某些情况下存在着多解性较强的问题,且普遍耗时较长,严重制约了三维反演方法的推广与发展.为改善上述问题,将表征模型参数变化范围的不等式约束作为先验信息引入最小二乘线性反演方法中,有效地改善了反演结果的精度,降低了反演的多解性问题.为了解决耗时较长的问题,基于预条件共轭梯度(PCG)算法和Cholesky分解法的特点提出了一套优化三维电阻率反演计算效率的计算方案.在该方案中,Cholesky分解法被用来求解敏感度矩阵计算中的多个点源场的正演问题,Cholesky分解法只需对总体系数矩阵进行一次分解,然后对不同的右端向量进行回代即可.将预条件共轭梯度法引入到三维电阻率反演方程的求解中,将雅可比迭代中的对角阵作为预处理矩阵,其具有求逆方便、无需内存空间的特点,有效地加快了收敛速度.对合成数据以及实测数据的反演算例表明,借助不等式约束和反演效率优化方案,最小二乘反演方法可得到较为精确的反演结果,有效地提高了反演计算效率,具有良好的推广前景.  相似文献   

1900—2010年地磁场水平分量梯度的全球变化     

杨云存  高国明 《震灾防御技术》2014,9(Z1):557-571

本文根据最新的国际地磁参考场模型(IGRF11),结合梯度法分析能够很好的表现细微变化部分特征的优点,计算和绘制了1900—2010年期间间隔5年的全球地磁场水平分量H的水平梯度和垂直梯度,分析其时空分布,各磁异常中心位置和强度的变化规律。结果表明,地磁场的各个异常中心位置在水平方向和垂直方向上都有变化,主要以西漂为主,南大西洋正磁异常区水平分量梯度异常中心点强度值变化最大。  相似文献   

A multiscale adjoint method to compute sensitivity coefficients for flow in heterogeneous porous media     

Jianlin Fu  Hamdi A. Tchelepi  Jef Caers 《Advances in water resources》2010

A multiscale adjoint (MSADJ) method is developed to compute high-resolution sensitivity coefficients for subsurface flow in large-scale heterogeneous geologic formations. In this method, the original fine-scale problem is partitioned into a set of coupled subgrid problems, such that the global adjoint problem can be efficiently solved on a coarse grid. Then, the coarse-scale sensitivities are interpolated to the local fine grid by reconstructing the local variability of the model parameters with the aid of solving embedded adjoint subproblems. The approach employs the multiscale finite-volume (MSFV) formulation to accurately and efficiently solve the highly detailed flow problem. The MSFV method couples a global coarse-scale solution with local fine-scale reconstruction operators, hence yielding model responses that are quite accurate at both scales. The MSADJ method is equally efficient in computing the gradient of the objective function with respect to model parameters. Several examples demonstrate that the approach is accurate and computationally efficient. The accuracy of our multiscale method for inverse problems is twofold: the sensitivity coefficients computed by this approach are more accurate than the traditional finite-difference-based numerical method for computing derivatives, and the calibrated models after history matching honor the available dynamic data on the fine scale. In other words, the multiscale based adjoint scheme can be used to history match fine-scale models quite effectively.  相似文献   

变形监测网非线性二类动态优化设计中观测权的解算方法     

胡召玲 《测绘工程》1999,8(2):22-28

根据变形监测网非线性二类动态优化设计的数学模型,本文从一个简单的网形入手,导出测边网非线性二类动态优化设计数学模型的具体形式,并提出了采用非线性优化设计技术的方法－投影梯度算法解算这种模型,从而将这种解算方法推广到求解任意网形的监测网非线性二类动态优化设计中的观测权。  相似文献   

海量扫测数据特征点及边界提取方法研究     

朱振华  陈建 《现代测绘》2008,31(5)

针对“水声呐”水下扫测设备测量所得的数据量大,精度高,分布规则,但同时数据的冗余度大的特点,为了真实反映水下地形,利用四叉树的数据分块思想对海量数据进行预处理,再对处理后的分块数据采用绝对高程差,高程加权平均等算法判断不同分块窗口的地形的起伏状态,然后用Jenson＆Domingue等算法提取特征点,同时把图像处理边缘提取方法——梯度算子应用到河道扫测边界提取中。  相似文献   

Spatial pattern of urban functional landscapes along an urban–rural gradient: A case study in Xiamen City,China     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2016

Since there is an increasing demand for integrating landscape ecology and urban planning theories to study complex urban ecosystems and establish rational and ecological urban planning, we introduced a new concept-urban functional landscapes which can be reclassified based on detailed land use data to fulfill the various urban functions, such as residential, commercial, industrial, and infrastructure purposes. In this paper, urban functional landscapes were defined based on urban land use data produced from Pleiades images, and then landscape metrics and population density were combined to identify the urban functional zones along an urban–rural gradient. The features of urban functional landscape patterns and population density were also analyzed, and their relationship has been explored. The results showed that the pattern of urban functional landscapes and population density in the urban functional zones (Urban center, Urban peripheral area, Landscape barrier, Satellite city and Far-suburb) along the urban–rural gradient in Xiamen doesn't totally conform to the classical theories in spatial and social aspects. Urban functional landscapes is potential of acting as bridges between the landscape ecology and urban planning theories, providing scientific support for rational urban landscape planning and urban land use policy making.  相似文献   

氨氮污染源区包气带剖面微生物生态分布特征的研究     

程雅楠  关翔宇  曲文龙  陈鸿汉  刘菲  谢宇轩  朱玲玲 《岩矿测试》2013,32(2):296-305

包气带土壤中氨氮污染迁移规律已成为近年来国内外学者研究的重点,目前在氨氮污染迁移规律研究中采用柱实验模拟以及软件模拟的方法较多,土壤生物技术则广泛应用于污染物降解领域,而在污染物迁移规律研究中应用较少。本文采用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术、16S rRNA序列分析技术以及典范对应分析相结合,对华北平原3个典型氨氮污染区土壤表层至包气带剖面微环境的细菌垂直分布特征及群落结构进行研究。结合污染区土壤理化性质分析,认为包气带土壤剖面的细菌群落中存在着与氮循环、硫酸盐代谢等过程偶联的优势细菌类群,说明土壤微环境中细菌群落分布明显受氨态氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和硫酸盐的分布影响,进一步表明污染土壤优势菌群的群落结构信息是描述包气带土壤环境氨氮污染物迁移规律的重要参数。  相似文献   

Hyperspectral imagery for disaggregation of land surface temperature with selected regression algorithms over different land use land cover scenes     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

Land surface temperature (LST), a key parameter in understanding thermal behavior of various terrestrial processes, changes rapidly and hence mapping and modeling its spatio-temporal evolution requires measurements at frequent intervals and finer resolutions. We designed a series of experiments for disaggregation of LST (DLST) derived from the Landsat ETM + thermal band using narrowband reflectance information derived from the EO1-Hyperion hyperspectral sensor and selected regression algorithms over three geographic locations with different climate and land use land cover (LULC) characteristics. The regression algorithms applied to this end were: partial least square regression (PLS), gradient boosting machine (GBM) and support vector machine (SVM). To understand the scale dependence of regression algorithms for predicting LST, we developed individual models (local models) at four spatial resolutions (480 m, 240 m, 120 m and 60 m) and tested the differences between these using RMSE derived from cross-validated samples. The sharpening capabilities of the models were assessed by predicting LST at finer resolutions using models developed at coarser spatial resolution. The results were also compared with LST produced by DisTrad sharpening model. It was found that scale dependence of the models is a function of the study area characteristics and regression algorithms. Considering the sharpening experiments, both GBM and SVM performed better than PLS which produced noisy LST at finer spatial resolutions. Based on the results, it can be concluded that GBM and SVM are more suitable algorithms for operational implementation of this application. These algorithms outperformed DisTrad model for heterogeneous landscapes with high variation in soil moisture content and photosynthetic activities. The variable importance measure derived from PLS and GBM provided insights about the characteristics of the relevant bands. The results indicate that wavelengths centered around 457, 671, 1488 and 2013–2083 nm are the most important in predicting LST. Nevertheless, further research is needed to improve the performance of regression algorithms when there is a large variability in LST and to examine the utility of narrowband vegetation indices to predict the LST. The benefits of this research may extend to applications such as monitoring urban heat island effect, volcanic activity and wildfire, estimating evapotranspiration and assessing drought severity.  相似文献   

基于高精度地层倾角线性反演的地震全体积拉平方法          下载免费PDF全文

王伟  郭宇宏  高静怀  陈文超  王宝江 《地球物理学报》2013,56(3):1012-1022

地震数据的拉平分析是三维地震资料解释中的常见方法,一般通过拾取某一标准层位并将其校正到一个基准面的方式拉平地震数据,这样会导致距离标准层越远的层位拉平效果越差.近几年发展起来的三维地震数据全体积拉平方法是避免这种拉平缺陷的有效途径.本文提出一种基于高精度地层倾角的全体积自动拉平方法,该方法将一种自适应加权的向量滤波法获得高精度的局部地层倾角作为观测数据,根据拉平变换对每个数据样点产生的垂向偏移量与地层倾角之间的近似线性关系,建立最小二乘反演机制.在优化反演模型时,引入由梯度结构张量法得到的误差控制模板,抑制断层等复杂地质构造对拉平效果的影响;此外,增加模型参数的平滑度量项,避免拉平后的数据出现较大的畸变,并采用模型重新参数化方法,加快反演算法的收敛速度.三维合成数据和实际地震资料的试算结果表明这种三维全体积拉平方法是有效和可行的.  相似文献   

基于结构自适应中值滤波器的随机噪声衰减方法   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王伟  高静怀  陈文超  朱振宇 《地球物理学报》2012,55(5):1732-1741

本文提出一种保护断层、裂缝等地层边缘特征的结构自适应中值滤波器,用于衰减地震资料中的随机噪声.基于地震反射同相轴局部呈线型结构的假设,采用梯度结构张量估计地层倾向,分析地层结构的规则程度,在此基础上引入地震剖面中线型和横向不连续性两种结构特征的置信度量.结构自适应中值滤波器根据这两种置信度量调整滤波器窗函数的尺度和形状,根据地层倾角调整滤波器窗函数的方向,从而使得滤波操作窗能够最佳匹配信号的局部结构特征.将本文方法用于合成和实际数据的处理,并与两种常用中值滤波方法进行对比,结果表明,该方法能够更好地解决地震剖面的随机噪声衰减和有效信号保真的问题,在增强反射同相轴的横向一致性的同时有效保持了剖面内的地层边缘和细节特征,显著改善了地震资料的品质.  相似文献