Environmental prognostics: is the current use of biomarkers appropriate for environmental risk evaluation?     

Allen JI  Moore MN 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):227-232

Environmental Prognostics is proposed as an integrated explanatory framework for adverse changes in whole systems, from cells to animals to ecosystems. The aim is to develop such frameworks for the evaluation of "health of the environment" and prediction of consequences resulting from future environmental events based on integrating the reactions of biomarkers for cellular and physiological processes, through conceptual, statistical and computational modelling. These are urgently needed to synthesise complex information on environmental chemistry and injurious effects of pollutants into predicted harmful impact on health of sentinel animals.  相似文献   

Agri-cultural Heritage: An Interdisciplinary Field with Development Prospects     

MIN Qingwen 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(4):437-443

Traditional agricultural heritage research has a very long history. Programme on “The conservation and adaptive management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)” initiative launched by FAO in 2002, aimed at not only preserving agricultural heritage system, but also applying the principle of dynamic conservation to promote rural development to benefit local community, to assure food security and maintaining the ecosystem. Since then, many more scientists have been enrolled in the new field focusing on the function and value, application and management, conservation and development and other aspects of these traditional agricultural systems which facilitate an emerging cross-discipline. In this paper, based on the concepts and characteristics of GIAHS and China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS), the author specifies that Agri-cultural Heritage is a compound heritage that integrates the characteristics of natural, cultural and intangible cultural heritage, and a typical social-economic-natural complex ecosystem composed of economic, biological, technological, cultural and landscape components. For their conservation and development, the joint efforts of scientists from economics, ecology, geography, history, management sciences, culturology, ethnology, sociology and other subjects are needed. Based on progresses studies and perspectives of the field, the author felt that although a good start of the research on Agri-cultural Heritage has been made, there is still much room for development which show a steady growth trend and suggested 32 priority areas in research; a new subject of Agroheritology could emerge in the near future.  相似文献   

An assessment of gully erosion along major armoured roads in south-eastern region of South Africa: a remote sensing and GIS approach   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Khoboso Elizabeth Seutloali  Heinz Reinhard Beckedahl  Timothy Dube  Mbulisi Sibanda 《国际地球制图》2016,31(2):225-239

An assessment of gully erosion along road drainage-release sites is critical for understanding the contribution of roads to soil loss and for informed land management practices. Considering that road-related gully erosion has traditionally been measured using field methods that are expensive, tedious and limited spatially as well as temporally, it is important to identify affordable, timely and robust methods that can be used to effectively map and estimate the volume of gullies along the road networks. In this study, gullies along major roads were identified from remotely sensed data sets and their volumes were estimated in a Geographic Information Systems environment. Also, the biophysical and climatic factors such as vegetation cover, the road contributing surface area, the gradient of the discharge hillslope and rainfall were derived from remotely sensed data sets using Geographic Information Systems techniques to find out whether they could explain the morphology of gullies that existed in this area. The results of this study indicate that hillslope gradient (R²?=?0.69, α = 0.00) and road contributing surface area (R²?=?0.63, α = 0.00) have a strong influence on the volume of gullies along the major roads in the south-eastern region of South Africa, as might have been expected. However, other factors such as vegetation cover (R² = 0.52, α = 0.00) and rainfall (R² = 0.41 and α = 0.58) have a moderately weaker influence on the overall volume of gullies. Overall, the findings of this study highlight the importance of using remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems technologies in investigating gully erosion occurrence along major roads where detailed field work remains a challenge.  相似文献   

基于GIS与确定性系数分析方法的汶川地震滑坡易发性评价   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

许冲  戴福初  姚鑫  赵洲  肖建章 《工程地质学报》2010,18(1):15

汶川Ms 80级大地震诱发了数以万计的滑坡灾害。在大约48678 km2的滑坡影响区域内,作者采用震后遥感影像解译并结合野外调查的方法,共解译出48007处滑坡。应用GIS技术,建立了汶川地震诱发滑坡灾害及相关地形、地质空间数据库。采用地震滑坡确定性系数分析方法,分析了地震滑坡关于地震烈度、岩性、坡度、断层、高程、坡向、河流与公路等8个因素的易发程度。基于GIS栅格分析方法,分别对16种不同影响因子组合类型进行地震滑坡易发性评价。最后,应用AUC（Area Under Curve,评价曲线下面积）方法得到最佳因子组合及其对应的评价结果,使用自然分类法则方法将研究区按滑坡易发程度分为极高易发区、高易发区、中易发区、低易发区与极低易发区5类,极高易发区与高易发区面积之和约1169046km2,占研究区总面积的2402%,其中发育滑坡面积为52484 km2,占滑坡总面积的7373%。结果表明了极高与高易发区与实际滑坡之间有着良好的一致性,方法的评价结果成功率（AUC值）达到82107%。  相似文献   

Estimated Sand and Gravel Resources of the South Merrimack, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, 7.5-Minute Quadrangle     

David M. Sutphin  Lawrence J. Drew  Brian K. Fowler 《Natural Resources Research》2006,15(3):183-203

A computer methodology is presented that allows natural aggregate producers, local governmental, and nongovernmental planners to define specific locations that may have sand and gravel deposits meeting user-specified minimum size, thickness, and geographic and geologic criteria, in areas where the surficial geology has been mapped. As an example, the surficial geologic map of the South Merrimack quadrangle was digitized and several digital geographic information system databases were downloaded from the internet and used to estimate the sand and gravel resources in the quadrangle. More than 41 percent of the South Merrimack quadrangle has been mapped as having sand and (or) gravel deposited by glacial meltwaters. These glaciofluvial areas are estimated to contain a total of 10 million m³ of material mapped as gravel, 60 million m³ of material mapped as mixed sand and gravel, and another 50 million m³ of material mapped as sand with minor silt. The mean thickness of these areas is about 1.95 meters. Twenty tracts were selected, each having individual areas of more than about 14 acres (5.67 hectares) of stratified glacial-meltwater sand and gravel deposits, at least 10-feet (3.0 m) of material above the watertable, and not sterilized by the proximity of buildings, roads, streams and other bodies of water, or railroads. The 20 tracts are estimated to contain between about 4 and 10 million short tons (st) of gravel and 20 and 30 million st of sand. The five most gravel-rich tracts contain about 71 to 82 percent of the gravel resources in all 20 tracts and about 54–56 percent of the sand. Using this methodology, and the above criteria, a group of four tracts, divided by narrow areas sterilized by a small stream and secondary roads, may have the highest potential in the quadrangle for sand and gravel resources.

David M. SutphinEmail:

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Two-dimensional models of proto planetary disk chemistry     

T.J. Millar  H. Nomura  A.J. Markwick 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,285(3-4):761-768

We have developed a two-dimensional model of a flared protoplanetary disk (PPD) incorporating a self-consistent treatment of gas and dust temperature, and a detailed treatment of the gas-phase chemistry as well as the freeze-out and desorption of material from dust grains. The results show that, in the inner 10 AU of the disk, the gas-phase abundances are dominated by material evaporated from dust grains. The surface layer of the disk shows many of the characteristics of photon-dominated regions. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Spatial modeling of environmental vulnerability of marine finfish aquaculture using GIS-based neuro-fuzzy techniques     

Navas JM  Telfer TC  Ross LG 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(8):1786-1799

Combining GIS with neuro-fuzzy modeling has the advantage that expert scientific knowledge in coastal aquaculture activities can be incorporated into a geospatial model to classify areas particularly vulnerable to pollutants. Data on the physical environment and its suitability for aquaculture in an Irish fjard, which is host to a number of different aquaculture activities, were derived from a three-dimensional hydrodynamic and GIS models. Subsequent incorporation into environmental vulnerability models, based on neuro-fuzzy techniques, highlighted localities particularly vulnerable to aquaculture development.The models produced an overall classification accuracy of 85.71%, with a Kappa coefficient of agreement of 81%, and were sensitive to different input parameters. A statistical comparison between vulnerability scores and nitrogen concentrations in sediment associated with salmon cages showed good correlation.Neuro-fuzzy techniques within GIS modeling classify vulnerability of coastal regions appropriately and have a role in policy decisions for aquaculture site selection.  相似文献   

Application of 3D hydrodynamic and particle tracking models for better environmental management of finfish culture     

Juan Moreno Navas  Trevor C. TelferLindsay G. Ross 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(6):675-684

Hydrographic conditions, and particularly current speeds, have a strong influence on the management of fish cage culture. These hydrodynamic conditions can be used to predict particle movement within the water column and the results used to optimise environmental conditions for effective site selection, setting of environmental quality standards, waste dispersion, and potential disease transfer. To this end, a 3D hydrodynamic model, MOHID, has been coupled to a particle tracking model to study the effects of mean current speed, quiescent water periods and bulk water circulation in Mulroy Bay, Co. Donegal Ireland, an Irish fjard (shallow fjordic system) important to the aquaculture industry. A Lagangrian method simulated the instantaneous release of “particles” emulating discharge from finfish cages to show the behaviour of waste in terms of water circulation and water exchange. The 3D spatial models were used to identify areas of mixed and stratified water using a version of the Simpson-Hunter criteria, and to use this in conjunction with models of current flow for appropriate site selection for salmon aquaculture.The modelled outcomes for stratification were in good agreement with the direct measurements of water column stratification based on observed density profiles. Calculations of the Simpson-Hunter tidal parameter indicated that most of Mulroy Bay was potentially stratified with a well mixed region over the shallow channels where the water is faster flowing. The fjard was characterised by areas of both very low and high mean current speeds, with some areas having long periods of quiescent water. The residual current and the particle tracking animations created through the models revealed an anticlockwise eddy that may influence waste dispersion and potential for disease transfer, among salmon cages and which ensures that the retention time of waste substances from cages is extended.The hydrodynamic model results were incorporated into the ArcView^TM GIS system for visualisation and interrogation of results and to allow effective holistic environmental management and site selection for fish cage aquaculture.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of Using CO2 as a Stimulation Agent for Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS)     

NA Jin  XU Tianfu  WANG Fugang  FENG Bo  BAO Xinhua 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):262-262

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The NASA environment remote sensing analysis facility (ERSAF) support for space shuttle earth observations     

David R. Helms  Patricia A. Jaklitch  Mark A. Chambers  Victor S. Whitehead 《国际地球制图》2013,28(2):59-62

Abstract

A major concept in urban geography deals with determining the spheres of influence for urban centers. This paper describes an instructional module used in two different geography courses showing students how a model might be developed to measure spheres of influence for multiple urban centers within a given region. A geographic information system (GIS) is employed throughout the development of the model. This module is incorporated into a traditional undergraduate urban geography course and a beginning GIS course. The software packages used are MapViewer and Grapher. The region is the Mississippi Lowlands with five urban centers: New Orlenas, Memphis, Little Rock, Jackson, and Baton Rouge. Keywords: GIS, spheres of influence, MapViewer, urban geography.  相似文献