Site Characterization Using Solar Hα Images     

Brajesh Kumar  P. Venkatakrishnan  A. Raja Bayanna  K. Venugopalan 《Solar physics》2007,241(2):427-437

A Multi-Application Solar Telescope (MAST) is proposed to be installed at the lake site (Lake Fatehsagar) of Udaipur Solar Observatory (USO) in India. The lake site Observatory of USO is located on a small island in the middle of the lake. To determine the optimum size of the MAST (for use with an adaptive optics system), it was decided to quantify the seeing conditions prevailing at the lake site during the different months of the year. For this purpose, we have used short-exposure (3 ms) high-resolution Hα (6563 Å) images (spatial scale of ～0.55 arc sec per pixel) of the Sun taken in burst mode with the 15-cm refractor Spar telescope located at the lake site of USO. Spectral ratio technique as reported by von der Lühe (1984, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A1, 510) has been used to estimate the Fried’s parameter (r ₀) at this site, which gives the quantitative measure of astronomical seeing. This study has been carried out daily on an hourly basis during 4:30?–?10:30 UT over the months January?–?June of the years 2005 and 2006 to understand the diurnal and seasonal variations in r ₀ at this site. It is noteworthy that the lake was almost dry during the observing period in 2005, while it overflowed during our observations in 2006 because of abundant monsoon rains. The seeing in the presence of water shows improvement in r ₀ by about 1.0 cm with respect to the previous year’s dry condition and mean r ₀ varies between 4.0 and 4.5 cm as evident from the data obtained between January and June, 2006.  相似文献   

Impact of gully incision on hillslope hydrology     

Xing Chen  Mukesh Kumar  Daniel deB Richter  Yair Mau 《水文研究》2020,34(19):3848-3866

The Southern U.S. Piedmont ranging from Virginia to Georgia underwent severe gully erosion over a century of farming mainly for cotton (1800s–1930s). Although tree succession blanketed much of this region by the middle 20th century, gully erosion still occurs, especially during wet seasons. While many studies on gully erosion have focused on soil loss, soil carbon exchange, and stormwater response, the impacts on soil moisture, groundwater, and transpiration remain under-studied. Using a newly developed 2D hydrologic model, this study analyzes the impacts of gully erosion on hillslope hydrologic states and fluxes. Results indicate that increases in gully incision lead to reduction in groundwater table, root zone soil moisture, and transpiration. These reductions show seasonal variations, but the season when the reduction is maximum differs among the hydrologic variables. Spatially, the impacts are generally the greatest near the toe of the hillslope and reduce further away from it, although the reductions are sometimes non-monotonic. Overall, the impacts are larger for shallow gully depths and diminish as the incision goes deeper. Lastly, the extent of impacts on a heterogeneous hillslope is found to be very different with respect to a homogeneous surrogate made of dominant soil properties. These results show that through gully erosion, the landscape not only loses soil but also a large amount of water from the subsurface. The magnitude of water loss is, however, dependent on hydrogeologic and topographic configuration of the hillslope. The results will facilitate (a) mapping of relative susceptibility of landscapes to gullying, (b) understanding of the impacts of stream manipulations such as due to dredging on hillslope eco-hydrology, (c) prioritization of mitigation measures to prevent gullying, and (d) design of observation campaigns to assess the impacts of gullying on hydrologic response.  相似文献   

Long term high frequency sediment observatory in an alpine catchment: The Arc-Isère rivers,France     

Fabien Thollet  Christophe Rousseau  Benoit Camenen  Stephane Boubkraoui  Flora Branger  François Lauters  Julien Némery 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14044

We present a dataset on to the Arc-Isère long-term environmental research observatory, which is part of the Rhône Basin Long Term Environmental Research Observatory. This alpine catchment located in the French Alps is characterized by high Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) in anthropogenized valleys. Suspended Sediment Concentrations (SSC) naturally observed in the river are very high, ranging from a few tens of milligrams per litre at low flow to tens of grams per litre during major natural hydrological events (floods, debris flows) or river dam hydraulic flushes. One research objective related to this site is to better understanding the SSC dynamics along the river using a system of nested catchments (Arvan, Arc, and Isère) in order to assess both temporal and spatial dynamics. The data allow the quantification of fine sediment yields and also the evaluation of possible morphological changes due to fine sediment deposition or resuspension. Additionally, the observatory database support studies on contaminants (either dissolved or particulate contaminants). Our monitoring includes six stations with high frequency (2–30 min) streamflow, SSC measurement using turbidity sensors, and associated automatic sampling. Discharge is measured via water level measurements and a rating curve. The oldest station (Grenoble-campus) started recording discharge and concentration data from April 2006 while others stations were built between 2009 and 2011. Data are available in an online data website called ‘Base de Données des Observatoires en Hydrologie’ (Hydrological observatory database, https://bdoh.irstea.fr/ARC-ISERE/ ) with a DOI reference for the dataset. The hydrological and sediment transport time series are stored, managed and made available to a wide community with unfettered access in order to be used at their full extent. This database is used as a data exchange tool for both scientists and operational end-users and there is an associated online tool to compute integrated fluxes.  相似文献   

地震数据共享服务平台构建——蒙城地球物理国家野外科学观测站     

蒋春曦  张有林  叶峰  王伟  孙静  吴雯雯  万杰 《地震地磁观测与研究》2011,32(6):133-137

为推进地震数据共享,构建了蒙城地球物理国家野外科学观测站地震数据共享服务平台,目的是为安徽省防震减灾和国民经济建设提供数据服务,增强地震部门社会服务功能。平台提供的多元化的地震数据共享服务,将进一步提升野外站整体科研水平。  相似文献   

Matlab混合编程的海底实时观测数据可视化     

贺志远  李德平  徐斌  牛真真 《地理空间信息》2011,(4):54-57

通过分析海底观测仪器的数据特点,探索了基于MATCOM的Matlab混合编程来实现海底实时观测数据可视化的方法。采用ADO.NET技术远程访问SQL Server数据库中的当日日志表以获取海底实时观测数据,利用了VC＋＋.NET的友好交互开发环境和Matlab强大的绘图函数,实现对海底物理、化学、能源等实时观测数据的图...  相似文献   

加拿大"海王星"海底观测网   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李建如  许惠平 《地球科学进展》2011,26(6):656-661

加拿大"海王星"海底观测网(NEPTUNE-Canada)是世界首个深海海底大型联网观测站,位于东太平洋的胡安·德·夫卡板块最北部.它以板块构造运动、海底下的流体、海洋生物与气候、深海生态系统为科学目标,通过海底光缆连接安装在海底的仪器设备,进行实时、连续的观测,并通过光电缆将观测信息传回陆地实验室.此外,NEPTUN...  相似文献   

The soft X-ray novae, black-hole candidates XTE J2012+381 and XTE J 1550-564     

N. L. Aleksandrovich  V. A. Aref'ev 《Astronomy Letters》2002,28(10):660-668

In 1998–1999, the X-ray transients XTE J2012+381 and XTE J1550-564 were observed with the TTM X-ray telescope onboard the Mir-Kvant astrophysical module. Spectral properties of these sources on the descent of the light curve after the secondary maxima of their outbursts are studied. Upper limits on the off-state flux are given. Comparison with other X-ray novae observed with the TTM telescope leads us to conclude that XTE J2012+381 and XTE J 1550-564 are soft X-ray novae. XTE J2012+381 probably belongs to the subclass of long-period X-ray transients.  相似文献   

中岳嵩山高山站平均气温资料插补及其变化趋势分析     

姬兴杰  左璇  徐文慧 《气象与环境学报》2020,36(6):58-67

为明确近60 a来在近对流层自由大气底部这一特定高度上河南省中岳嵩山气温变化特征,在对河南省登封气象站月平均气温数据均一化的基础上,采用该站均一化数据构建嵩山站月平均气温模拟模型,对1990—2002年缺测数据插补,建立中岳嵩山高山国家基准气候站1956—2017年时间序列连续的月平均气温资料,采用线性回归对其进行气温变化趋势分析。结果表明：均一化处理对登封站月平均气温因台站迁移的非自然因素引起的非均一性取得了明显的校正效果。均一化后,1969—2017年登封站年平均气温由显著上升速率0.218℃/10 a增至0.310℃/10 a。利用独立数据对模型进行验证表明,总体上,嵩山站各月平均气温推算模型模拟值与实测值的线性相关系数和斜率分别为0.999和0.989(n=204,P < 0.01);1—12月各月模型验证检验参数的平均值相关系数为0.958、均方根误差为11.7%、平均绝对偏差为0.3℃、平均偏差为0.1℃、拟合指数为0.973、模拟效率为0.900,模型具有较好的模拟效果。1956—2017年嵩山站年平均气温增温显著,其速率为0.223℃/10 a。四季之间,以春季增温速率最大,为0.350℃/10 a;冬季和秋季次之;夏季增温不显著。各月之间,以2月增温速率最大,达0.445℃/10 a。  相似文献   

Measurement of air-fluorescence-light yield induced by an electromagnetic shower     

The MACFLY Collaboration:  P. Colin  A. Chukanov  V. Grebenyuk  D. Naumov  P. Ndlec  Yu. Nefedov  A. Onofre  S. Porokhovoi  B. Sabirov  L. Tkatchev 《Astroparticle Physics》2009,30(6):312-317

For most of the ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) experiments and projects (HiRes, AUGER, TA, JEM-EUSO, TUS, …), the detection technique of extensive air showers is based, at least, on the measurement of the air-fluorescence-induced signal. The knowledge of the fluorescence-light yield (FLY) is of paramount importance for the UHECR energy reconstruction. The MACFLY experiment was designed to perform absolute measurements of the air FLY and to study its properties. Here, we report the result of measurement of dry-air FLY induced by 50 GeV electromagnetic showers as a function of the shower age and as a function of the pressure. The experiment was performed at CERN using a SPS-electron-test-beam line. The result shows the air FLY is proportional to the energy deposited in air (E_d). The ratio FLY/E_d and its pressure dependence remain constant independently of shower age, and more generally, independently of the excitation source used (single-electron track or air shower).  相似文献   

建议创办一种面向台站的地震科技期刊     

张宝红 《国际地震动态》2005,(3):44-46

台站观测是实现防震减灾三大工作体系任务的基础。本文结合台站和地震系统期刊的基本情况,概述了创办《地学台站观测》这种面向台站的科技期刊的社会需求和科学需求,从中国地震局发展战略的层次上初步探讨了创办这种期刊的意义。  相似文献