玛曲湿地遥感影像提取及精度分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王迅  徐丹丹  李文龙 《国土资源遥感》2009,(4):96-100

以甘肃玛曲县为研究区,以区域湿地遥感信息提取为目标,采用TM多光谱数据和DEM数据,利用归一化植被指数和主成分分析得到的第一主成分作为分类特征,通过对数据的空间特征、波谱特征与统计结果的对比分析,构建湿地信息提取决策树模型,并与非监督分类法、最大似然法相比较,表明基于多特征决策树分类法能够用于湿地专题信息的提取,在研究区有较好的适用性。  相似文献   

Palaeodiet of Miocene Producers and Depositional Environments: Inferences from the First Evidence of Microcoprolites from India     

Vivesh V. KAPUR  Kamlesh KUMAR  P. MORTHEKAI  Amritpal Singh CHADDHA 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(5):1574-1590

This paper reviews research on coprolites from India, providing the first evidence of microcoprolites from the early Miocene (Aquitanian) Khari Nadi Formation sedimentary succession, exposed about 1.5 km northeast of the village of Kotada, Kachchh (Kutch) District, Gujarat State, western India. Morphometric and size comparisons (in a statistical framework) with known coprolites from the Mesozoic-Cenozoic successions of India (including those recorded herein) and globally suggest that fishes were the likely producers of the Kotada coprolites. Scanning electron microscopy confirms the presence of fish dental remains within the coprolites, while both Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) reveal the phosphatic nature of the microscopic coprolite specimens (recorded herein) hinting that the producer(s) were predominantly carnivorous (ichthyophagous) in their diet. Furthermore, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis of the host and associated lithologies allows us to deduce that the Kotada coprolites were deposited in a shallow marine environment, with possible aerial exposure of the host lithology occurring at some point after deposition. To the best of our knowledge, the present report is the first record of microscopic fish coprolites from India, as well as being the first from the Aquitanian of India and the oldest Neogene record from India.  相似文献   

RTM-based dynamic absorption integrals for the retrieval of biochemical vegetation traits     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Information about pigment and water contents provides comprehensive insights for evaluating photosynthetic potential and activity of agricultural crops. In this study, we present the concept of using spectral integral ratios (SIR) to retrieve three biochemical traits, namely chlorophyll a and b (C_ab), carotenoids (C_cx), and water (C_w) content, simultaneously from hyperspectral measurements in the wavelength range 460−1100 nm. The SIR concept is based on automatic separation of respective absorption features through local peak and intercept analysis between log-transformed reflectance and convex hulls. The algorithm was tested on two synthetically established databases using a physiologically constrained look-up-table (LUT) generated by (i) the leaf optical properties model PROSPECT and (ii) the canopy radiative transfer model (RTM) PROSAIL. LUT constraints were realized based on natural C_cx-C_ab relations and green peak locations identified in the leaf optical database ANGERS. Linear regression between obtained SIRs and model parameters resulted in coefficients of determination (R²) of 0.66 (i and ii) for C_cx, R² = 0.85 (i) and 0.53 (ii) for C_ab, and R² = 0.97 (i) and 0.67 (ii) for C_w, respectively. Using the model established from the PROSPECT LUT, leaf level validation was carried out based on ANGERS data with reasonable results both in terms of goodness of fit and root mean square error (RMSE) (C_cx: R² = 0.86, RMSE = 2.1 μg cm⁻²; C_ab: R² = 0.67, RMSE = 12.5 μg cm^-2; C_w: R² = 0.89, RMSE = 0.007 cm). The algorithm was applied to airborne spectrometric HyMap data acquired on 12th July 2003 in Barrax, Spain and to AVIRIS-NG data recorded on 2nd July 2018 southwest of Munich, Germany. Mapping of the SIR results as multiband images (3-segment SIR) allows for intuitive visualization of dominant absorptions with respect to the three considered biochemical variables. Barrax in situ validation using linear regression models derived from PROSAIL LUT showed satisfactory results regarding C_ab (R² = 0.84; RMSE = 9.06 μg cm^-2) and canopy water content (CWC, R² = 0.70; RMSE = 0.05 cm). Retrieved C_cx values were reasonable according to C_ab-C_cx-dependence plausibility analysis. Hence, the presented SIR algorithm allows for computationally efficient and RTM supported robust retrievals of the two most important vegetation pigments as well as of water content and is ready to be applied on satellite imaging spectroscopy data available in the near future. The algorithm is publicly available as an interface supported tool within the 'Agricultural Applications' of the EnMAP-Box 3 hyperspectral remote sensing software suite.  相似文献   

基于相对密度和X射线粉晶衍射技术测定硬玉岩中硬玉的含量   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

兰延  陆太进  陈伟明  刘洋  梁榕  马瑛  张小虎 《岩矿测试》2015,34(2):207-212

硬玉岩能否命名为宝石级"翡翠",其硬玉的含量是关键参数,目前测量岩石中矿物质量分数的方法多为有损分析,难以应用于珠宝玉石检测中。本文基于硬玉岩矿物组成及其质量分数的变化,建立了一种通过测量硬玉岩相对密度获得硬玉质量分数的无损分析方法。对186件相对密度在3.30~2.88之间的硬玉岩样品采用静水称重法测试,根据相对密度范围进行分组,利用X射线粉晶衍射、人工重砂分析、电子探针、红外光谱、拉曼光谱等技术确定硬玉岩的主要矿物及其质量分数,进而统计分析硬玉质量分数与硬玉岩相对密度的线性关系。研究表明:硬玉岩的主要矿物为硬玉和杂质矿物钠长石、方沸石。随着硬玉的质量分数(wA)下降,钠长石、方沸石质量分数增加,硬玉岩实测相对密度(SG)发生相应变化,两者的线性方程为wA=1.3454×SG-3.4531(相关系数为0.9814),线性关系良好。由于本方法的硬玉岩实测相对密度近似等于理论相对密度,即可通过测量相对密度获得硬玉的质量分数,这种无损测试方法适用于相对密度在3.3~3.0,硬玉含量在95%~60%,硬玉与钠长石的质量分数之和在90%~97%之间的硬玉岩样品。  相似文献   

Synthesis and optical characterization of Gd-neso-borate single crystals     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2015,75(3):317-322

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1200年来湖光岩玛珥湖高分辨率元素地球化学记录     

谢曼曼  孙青  王宁  朱庆增  单雅冰  李爱国  杨科  毛成文  王喜生 《第四纪研究》2015,35(1)

本文运用同步辐射X射线荧光光谱原位微区分析方法对湖光岩玛珥湖湖泊沉积物进行了分析,以核素测年(137Cs、210Pb和AMS 14C)数据为时间标尺,获得了1200年来Ti、Fe、Cu、Zn、Rb和Br等元素含量的高分辨率数据.Br元素含量与当地气象记录降水量变化大致呈正相关,可能说明区域降水是Br元素含量变化的主要影响因素.对1200年来Br元素含量的谱分析结果表明,Br元素含量变化的准周期分别为:1.5a、1.9～2.0a、2.1～2.6a、2.9～3.0a、374～442a和221～256a.其中,年际准周期变化可能与厄尔尼诺相关,而百年尺度的变化可能与太阳活动有关.从Ti元素含量与器测数据对比来看,Ti元素含量较高的时期也对应于降水量较大的时段,降水增加可能有利于碎屑物的搬运,但植被覆盖度、粒度效应等因素对沉积物中Ti元素存在正-负反馈机制.  相似文献   

Spectral observations for near-Earth objects including potential target 4660 Nereus : Results from Meudon remote observations at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF)     

Richard P. Binzel  Mirel Birlan  Alan W. Harris  Sonia Fornasier 《Planetary and Space Science》2004,52(4):291-296

We present visible and near-infrared spectral measurements for the highly accessible spacecraft target 4660 Nereus and three additional near-Earth objects displaying diverse color characteristics. All near-infrared measurements were carried out during the first remote observing operations between the Observatoire de Paris at Meudon and Mauna Kea, Hawaii. From Meudon, we had fine pointing and guiding control of the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility 3.0-m telescope and the near-infrared spectrograph “SpeX” to measure asteroid spectra in the range 0.8-. The efficiency of the observation was virtually the same as if the observers had been on location. We combine our near-infrared results with complementary 0.4- spectral measurements. Nereus is found to be a rare Xe-type asteroid with a composition that may be analogous to very high albedo enstatite achondrite (aubrite) meteorites, leading to a diameter estimate of less than . 1685 Toro displays a classic S-type spectrum while a steeper visible wavelength slope and a less pronounced absorption feature for 1943 Anteros places it in the L-class. Also unusual is the apparent olivine-rich spectrum for 4142 Dersu-Uzala, which is classified as an A-type.  相似文献   

Changes in plant defense chemistry (pyrrolizidine alkaloids) revealed through high-resolution spectroscopy     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2013

Plant toxic biochemicals play an important role in defense against natural enemies and often are toxic to humans and livestock. Hyperspectral reflectance is an established method for primary chemical detection and could be further used to determine plant toxicity in the field. In order to make a first step for pyrrolizidine alkaloids detection (toxic defense compound against mammals and many insects) we studied how such spectral data can estimate plant defense chemistry under controlled conditions.In a greenhouse, we grew three related plant species that defend against generalist herbivores through pyrrolizidine alkaloids: Jacobaea vulgaris, Jacobaea erucifolia and Senecio inaequidens, and analyzed the relation between spectral measurements and chemical concentrations using multivariate statistics.Nutrient addition enhanced tertiary-amine pyrrolizidine alkaloids contents of J. vulgaris and J. erucifolia and decreased N-oxide contents in S. inaequidens and J. vulgaris. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids could be predicted with a moderate accuracy. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid forms tertiary-amines and epoxides were predicted with 63% and 56% of the variation explained, respectively. The most relevant spectral regions selected for prediction were associated with electron transitions and CH, OH, and NH bonds in the 1530 and 2100 nm regions.Given the relatively low concentration in pyrrolizidine alkaloids concentration (in the order of mg g⁻¹) and resultant predictions, it is promising that pyrrolizidine alkaloids interact with incident light. Further studies should be considered to determine if such a non-destructive method may predict changes in PA concentration in relation to plant natural enemies. Spectroscopy may be used to study plant defenses in intact plant tissues, and may provide managers of toxic plants, food industry and multitrophic-interaction researchers with faster and larger monitoring possibilities.  相似文献   

Rydberg Matter as the dust atmosphere in comets: Spectroscopic and polarization signatures     

Leif Holmlid 《Icarus》2006,180(2):555-564

The long-lived excited state of matter called Rydberg Matter (RM) may explain several spectroscopic features in space, like the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) and the unidentified infrared bands (UIR, UIB). RM is here used to interpret some previously unexplained or inconsistent features in comets: (1) line absorption in the emission from the nucleus, (2) IR band emission from the coma, (3) selective and variable molecular line emission from the coma, (4) extended sources of molecules in the coma, (5) degree of linear polarization of light scattered from the coma. (1) The unexplained IR absorptions observed in the flyby of the nucleus of the Comet Borrelly agree well with RM emission bands observed by stimulated emission in the laboratory. It is proposed that RM is the so-called ultrared matter or at least formed from it. (2) The IR bands previously attributed to silicate particles are shown to be better described by RM theory. Transitions in atoms in RM are shown to dominate. (3) The inverted RM medium will optically amplify light from molecular transitions in the comet comae, in agreement with observations that many of the molecular IR emission lines lie within the emission bands from RM, or much too close to Rydberg transitions to be accidental. (4) The unexplained extended sources observed, e.g., for CO are proposed to be due to release of molecules previously incorporated in the RM clusters at low temperature. Such clusters may be the very small particles observed by space probes. (5) Finally, the largely unexplained measurements of the degree of linear polarization of scattered sunlight from comets are explained as due to scattering by the planar RM clusters. Quantitative agreement is demonstrated.  相似文献   

Space weathering of silicates simulated by nanosecond pulse UV excimer laser   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. Brunetto  F. Romano  S. Fonti  V. Orofino 《Icarus》2006,180(2):546-554

Laser irradiation experiments have been performed on powdered silicates (othopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and olivine) using a nanosecond pulse UV excimer laser (193 and 248 nm) to simulate the effects of space weathering induced on minor bodies of the Solar System by micrometeorite bombardment. We have used different fluences (from 0.05 to 2 J/cm²) to weather the samples, experimenting below and above the ablation threshold. All the irradiated materials have shown reddening and darkening of their UV-vis-NIR reflectance spectra. In addition we have found that: (1) below ablation threshold, weathering effects increase with increasing number of laser pulses, and with increasing fluence, confirming that a thermal process is active; (2) above ablation threshold, weathering is much stronger and efficient than in the previous case, and is independent on the number of pulses. We show that astrophysical time-scales, i.e. times necessary to obtain similar effects on planetary objects, are of about 10⁸ yr for both olivine and pyroxene in the case of ablation. The time grows up to 10¹⁰ yr in the case of thermal effects. We infer that micrometeorite bombardment can be rightly simulated by laser irradiation only considering congruent laser ablation.  相似文献