高岭石的结晶有序度及其对纸张涂布粘浓度的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

周国平  林毓川 《矿物学报》1991,11(3):267-273

粘浓度是纸张涂布的一项重要指标,测定的变化范围从46.4—72％。用Hinckley方法测定了高岭石的结晶度指数,从0.57变化至1.40。当粘浓度>67％时,结晶度指数>1。粘浓度<67％,结晶度指数<1,有序高岭石有利于粘浓度提高。随着结构无序化,晶粒变小,晶片变薄,比表面增加,晶体边缘和角易破损,使粘浓度降低。结构无序化破坏了颗粒的均匀性,使颗粒长/厚比增加,粘浓度降低。高岭石八面体中Fe~(3+)的存在一定程度上影响了有序度。  相似文献   

A preliminary study of the effects of some flow parameters in the generation of poloidal and toroidal energies within a 3-D spherical thermal-convective system with variable viscosity     

Albert T. Hsui  Woo-Sun Yang  John R. Baumgardner 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1995,145(3-4):487-503

The effects of variable viscosity on flow dynamics within spherical shells are investigated using a finite-element thermal convection model, and preliminary result for cases with relatively low Rayleigh numbers and small viscosity contrasts are reported. These results demonstrate some general effects of viscosity variation on mantle dynamics, and, in particular, the generation of toroidal energy. Since lateral viscosity variations are necessary in the generation of toroidal motion in a thermally driven convective system, it is not surprising our results show that flows with greater viscosity contrasts produce greater amounts of toroidal energy. Our preliminary study further shows that solutions become more time-dependent as viscosity contrasts increase. Increasing the Rayleigh number is also found to increase the magnitude of toroidal energy. Internal heating, on the other hand, appears to lead to less toroidal energy compared wth bottom heating because it tends to produce a thermally more uniform interior and thus smaller viscosity variations.  相似文献   

Inference of mantle viscosity from GRACE and relative sea level data   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

Archie Paulson  Shijie Zhong  John Wahr 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,171(2):497-508

Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite observations of secular changes in gravity near Hudson Bay, and geological measurements of relative sea level (RSL) changes over the last 10 000 yr in the same region, are used in a Monte Carlo inversion to infer-mantle viscosity structure. The GRACE secular change in gravity shows a significant positive anomaly over a broad region (>3000 km) near Hudson Bay with a maximum of ∼2.5 μGal yr⁻¹ slightly west of Hudson Bay. The pattern of this anomaly is remarkably consistent with that predicted for postglacial rebound using the ICE-5G deglaciation history, strongly suggesting a postglacial rebound origin for the gravity change. We find that the GRACE and RSL data are insensitive to mantle viscosity below 1800 km depth, a conclusion similar to that from previous studies that used only RSL data. For a mantle with homogeneous viscosity, the GRACE and RSL data require a viscosity between  1.4 × 10²¹  and  2.3 × 10²¹  Pa s. An inversion for two mantle viscosity layers separated at a depth of 670 km, shows an ensemble of viscosity structures compatible with the data. While the lowest misfit occurs for upper- and lower-mantle viscosities of  5.3 × 10²⁰  and  2.3 × 10²¹  Pa s, respectively, a weaker upper mantle may be compensated by a stronger lower mantle, such that there exist other models that also provide a reasonable fit to the data. We find that the GRACE and RSL data used in this study cannot resolve more than two layers in the upper 1800 km of the mantle.  相似文献   

Lamb's problem with the lattice model Mka3D     

C. Mariotti 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,171(2):857-864

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The influence of viscous and latent heating on crystal-rich magma flow in a conduit     

Alina J. Hale  Geoff Wadge  Hans B. Mühlhaus 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,171(3):1406-1429

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An energy-duration procedure for rapid determination of earthquake magnitude and tsunamigenic potential   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Anthony Lomax  Alberto Michelini  Alessio Piatanesi 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,170(3):1195-1209

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水泥—丙烯酸盐复合浆液的实验性研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

胡安兵  刘雪松等 《地质与勘探》2002,38(3):93-95

水泥-丙烯酸盐复合浆液是在丙烯酸盐浆液的基础上研制出来的一种复合浆液，它既保留了丙烯酸盐浆液流动性好，固结体弹性好的优点，又大幅度地提高了浆液的抗压强度和粘结强度，因此在注浆时可以带来良好的综合灌注效果，还对复合浆液的粘度和强度进行了试验性研究。  相似文献   

平极长期漂移与地球平均下地幔黏性估计          下载免费PDF全文

杨志根 《地球物理学报》2001,44(6):736-746

利用9个国际纬度观测站的平纬长期变化序列,重新讨论并估计了平极的长期漂移,得到漂移的平均速率为(3.356“±0.142”)×l0-3/a,方向为西经78.7°±2.5°.进一步基于最新的ICE-4G冰期后地壳反弹模型,采用地球上8个冰盖的冰融参数,估计了理论的平极长期漂移方向为西经74.8°.由观测的平极长期漂移速率为约束,基于1066B地球模型,估计得到地球平均下地幔的黏性为vLM=(0.5-1.7)×1022Pa^.s,表明vLM应具有近1022Pa^.s量级,并认为地球平极的长期漂移很可能是由最近的21000年以来冰期后的地壳反弹所致.  相似文献   

低山丘陵区土地利用方式对土壤质量的影响—以河北省遵化市为例   总被引：84，自引：3，他引：84  

郭旭东  傅伯杰  陈利顶  马克明  李俊然 《地理学报》2001,56(4):447-455

通过调查河北省遵化市低山丘陵区油松林、板栗、草地和坡耕地等典型土地利用方式对土壤养分和土壤容重的影响，土地取样取土壤表层0-20cm，结果表明，森林的砍伐以及随后的耕种显著增加了土壤容重并降低了大部分土壤养分。和林地相比，草地、当年开垦的农地、板栗和耕种3年的农地容重分别增加了13.3%，14.2%,27.5%,39.7%。除全磷外，板栗和耕种3年的农地土壤养分有显著下降，和林地相比，板栗有机质减少了60.7%，全氮减少了35.6%，全钾减少了21.3%，速效钾减少了57%；耕种3年的农地土壤有机质、全氮、全钾和速效钾则分别减少了62.9%,52.6%,31%和60%。土壤退化指数的计算结果表明板栗和耕种3年的农地土壤发生了较为严重的退化。  相似文献   

Latent heat effects of the major mantle phase transitions on low-angle subduction     

Jeroen van Hunen  Arie P van den Berg  Nico J Vlaar 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2001,190(3-4):125-135

Very low to zero shallow dip angles are observed at several moderately young subduction zones with an active trenchward moving overriding plate. We have investigated the effects of latent heat for this situation, where mantle material is pushed through the major mantle phase transitions during shallow low-angle subduction below the overriding plate. The significance of the buoyancy forces, arising from the latent heat effects, on the dynamics of the shallowly subducting slab is examined by numerical modeling. When a 32-Ma-old slab is overridden with 2.5 cm/yr by a continent, flat subduction occurs with a 4–5 cm/yr convergence rate. When latent heat is included in the model, forced downwellings cause a thermal anomaly and consequently thermal and phase buoyancy forces. Under these circumstances, the flat slab segment subducts horizontally about 350 km further and for about 11 Ma longer than in the case without latent heat, before it breaks through the 400-km phase transition. The style of subduction strongly depends on the mantle rheology: increasing the mantle viscosity by one order of magnitude can change the style of subduction from steep to shallow. Similarly, an overriding velocity of less than 1 cm/yr leads to steep subduction, which gradually changes to flat subduction when increasing the overriding velocity. However, these model parameters do not change the aforementioned effect of the latent heat, provided that low-angle subduction occurs. In all models latent heat resulted in a substantial increase of the flat slab length by 300–400 km. Varying the olivine–spinel transition Clapeyron slope γ from 1 to 6 MPa/K reveals a roughly linear relation between γ and the horizontal length of the slab. Based on these results, we conclude that buoyancy forces due to latent heat of phase transitions play an important role in low-angle subduction below an overriding plate.  相似文献