河套地区一次强沙尘暴天气过程分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

仇巧玲  高玲 《内蒙古气象》2014,(2):12-15

文章利用Micaps系统、地面常规观测气象资料,通过对高空、地面、风场、物理量场及卫星云图特征分析表明:前期的干暖气候及上游充足的沙源是形成巴彦淖尔市沙尘暴不可缺少的环境因素和物质基础;500~700hPa贝加尔湖低涡底部的西北气流风力在16~30m·s-1,并形成一支急流带,冷平流在10个纬度内有5根等温线的密集带,等高线与等温线交角≥45℃,是形成沙暴天气的前提条件之一;影响河套地区的地面冷锋,其后部的地面冷高压紧随其后,高低压之间气压梯度及地面风的加大以及沙尘暴出现前期近地面气温增温明显,大气层结不稳定度显著增大,为沙尘暴天气的爆发提供了动力条件和热力条件;通过对物理量场的分析,整层的干暖条件、强烈的上升运动及低层辐合高层辐散形成的次级环流的垂直作用,是沙尘暴发生发展的动力源泉;高空涡旋云系的发展配合地面辐合上升气流,表明了高低空强烈的抽吸作用对沙尘暴爆发的贡献。  相似文献   

Soil Moisture Effects on Sand Saltation and Dust Emission Observed over the Horqin Sandy Land Area in China          下载免费PDF全文

LI Xiaolan  ZHANG Hongsheng 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(1):444-452

In this study, the effects of soil moisture on the processes of sand saltation and dust emission are investigated using observations from three dust events in 2010 over Horqin Sandy Land area. The minimum friction velocity initiating the motion of surface particles, namely threshold friction velocity, is estimated to be 0.34, 0.40 and 0.50 m s^-1, under the very dry, dry and wet soil conditions, respectively. In comparison with the observations during the dust events under the very dry and dry soil conditions, the dust emission flux during the wet event is smaller, but the saltation activities of sand particles (d ≥ 50 μm) are stronger. The size distributions of airborne dust particles (0.1 ≤ d ≤ 20 μm) show that the finer dust particles (0.1 ≤ d ≤ 0.3 μm) have a secondary peak under dry soil conditions, while they are absent under wet soil conditions. This suggests that the surface soil particle size distribution can be changed by soil moisture. Under wet soil conditions, the particles appear to have larger size, and hence more potential saltating particles are available. This explains the phenomena of stronger saltation processes observed under wet soil conditions.  相似文献   

Characteristics of Meteorological Factors over Different Landscape Types During Dust Storm Events in Cele, Xinjiang, China          下载免费PDF全文

MAO Donglei  LEI Jiaqiang  LI Shengyu  ZENG Fanjiang  WANG Cui  ZHOU Jie 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(4):576-591

Landscape characteristics influence meteorological factors, thus affect the occurrence and nature of dust storm events. The present study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics of six meteorological factors (wind velocity, wind direction, air temperature, relative humidity (RH), photo synthetically active radiation (PAR), and solar radiation) over different landscape types (shifting-sand frontier, semi-fixed sandy land, fixed sandy land, and the inner region of an oasis) before and after dust storms during four typical dust storm events in an oasis-desert ecotone in Cele, Xinjiang, China. The results show that the average wind velocity decreased significantly from the shifting-sand frontier to the inner oasis, which was mainly attributable to the vegetation coverage. Before the dust storm events, there were obvious differences in air temperature and RH either in the horizontal or vertical direction over the different landscape types. However, these factors were very similar during and following the dust storm events. PAR and solar radiation were significantly reduced during the dust storm events and the subsequent sand-blowing and floating-dust conditions. This effect was much stronger than during similar weather conditions without dust storm events such as sand-blowing and overcast and/or rainy days. Additionally, the variation in the meteorological factors among the different landscapes was also affected by the prevailing wind direction during the dust storm events. However, the landscape type slightly changed the prevailing wind direction, with the greatest dispersion distribution of wind direction in the inner oasis. The findings of this study are helpful for understanding the function of landscape types in the occurrence of dust storms, as well as for providing a theoretical basis for prevention of dust storms.  相似文献   

2012年库尔勒市PM10质量浓度的变化特征分析     

赵克蕾 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2014,8(1):11-16

利用南疆最大的城市库尔勒市2011年11月15日-2012年11月30日连续自动可吸入颗粒物（PM10）浓度观测数据,分析了PM10的污染状况和质量浓度变化特征。结果表明：（1）由于气象条件与人类活动的影响,PM10浓度日变化为明显的双峰型。（2）PM。。质量浓度存在明显的周内变化,周一出现最大值274．8μg·m^-3,周三出现最小值196．7μg·m^-3。（3）PM10最高月浓度出现在4月,浓度为562．1μg·m^-3;7月达到最低浓度107．4μg·m^-3;11月达到次大值219．9μg·m^-3。（4）春季PM,。浓度较高,夏季较低,总体特征为：春季〉秋季〉冬季〉夏季,四季的平均浓度均超过国家二级标准。（5）降雪过程对PM10具有明显的清除作用,沙尘天气有使PM10质量浓度迅速增加的作用。  相似文献   

基于FY3B VIRR数据的新疆沙尘天气遥感监测应用研究     

杨志华 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2014,8(5):48-52

新疆是我国沙尘天气多发区,但是地面测站稀少,使用卫星遥感监测沙尘天气有非常大的优势。利用国家卫星气象中心开发并向各省推广的SMART业务系统,以FY-3B/VIRR为数据源,采用以人机交互方式分析区域沙尘遥感监测方法。以2012年数据为例,对沙尘天气进行了遥感监测,结果表明FY-3B/VIRR数据可有效提取沙尘天气信息,具有较好的沙尘监测评估业务应用前景。  相似文献   

延伸期干旱、沙尘暴过程低频方法预报系统简介     

冯建英  王芝兰  柳媛普  李旭 《干旱气象》2014,(5)

对延伸期干旱、沙尘暴过程低频预报系统的整体框架、子模块构成和功能、预报方法、操作步骤及应用情况进行详细介绍。该系统主要有干旱、沙尘暴过程低频方法预报2个子系统,各子系统包括低频天气图、关键区低频曲线2种预报方法。目前中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所已使用该系统对西北地区东部的干旱过程和沙尘暴过程进行预报,就沙尘暴预报效果来说,2012年预报准确率达到75％,2011年和2013年的预报准确率均达到67％,预报时效达到8～31 d。而对干旱过程的预报效果,2012年预报准确率达80％,2011、2013年分别达75％、67％,预报时效达6～30 d。  相似文献   

Assemblage characteristics of clay minerals and its implications to evolution of eolian dust input to the Parece Vela Basin since 1.95 Ma     

明洁  李安春  黄杰  万世明  孟庆勇  蒋富清  闫文文 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(1):174-186

To understand the provenance and evolution of eolian input in the last 1.95 Ma in the Parece Vela Basin in the eastern Philippine Sea, the clay mineral assemblage of a gravity core PV090510 from the basin was investigated using paleogeomagnetic dating and X-ray diffraction. The assemblage of the core mainly consisted of smectite （-46%） and illite （-40%）, with some chlorite （-10%） and kaolinite （-4%）. Analysis of the provenance of these minerals suggested that smectite was mainly derived from volcanic rocks of the Mariana Arc, while illite, chlorite, and kaolinite were mainly transported as eolian dust by the East Asian monsoon from central Asia. We used the ratio of （illite＋chlorite＋kaolinite）/smectite as a proxy for Asian eolian input to the Parece Vela Basin since 1.95 Ma. This ratio followed glacial and interglacial cycles and was consistent with the intensity of the East Asian monsoon and aridity of central Asia since 1.95 Ma. The changes of the ratio reflected three different stages of the East Asian monsoon and provenance climate.  相似文献   

Millennial-scale oscillations of the westerly jet path during the last glacial period   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kana Nagashima  Ryuji Tada  Atsushi Tani  Youbin Sun  Yuko Isozaki  Shin Toyoda  Hitoshi Hasegawa 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2011,40(6):239-1220

It has been established that East Asian summer monsoon intensity varies with Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles, suggesting a connection between the climates of East Asia and the North Atlantic on a millennial timescale. However, the dynamics of such a connection are still unsolved. Here we demonstrate that temporal changes in the provenance of aeolian dust in Japan Sea sediments, which we interpret to reflect changes in the westerly jet path over East Asia, exhibit variations in harmony with Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles. The dominance of dust with a Mongolian Gobi provenance during stadials suggests a westerly jet axis located to the south of the Himalaya–Tibetan Plateau throughout most of the year, whereas the co-dominance of dust from both the Taklimakan Desert and the Mongolian Gobi during interstadials suggests that the westerly jet axis jumped to the north of the Tibetan Plateau at latest in summer. As the shift of the westerly jet axis to the north of the Tibetan Plateau is closely related to the onset of the East Asian summer monsoon, changes of the westerly jet path apparently critically affect the teleconnection between the climates of Asia and North Atlantic on a millennial timescale.  相似文献   

近几年沙尘天气对中国北方环保重点城市可吸入颗粒物污染的影响   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

冯鑫媛  王式功  杨德保  尚可政 《中国沙漠》2011,30(3):735-740

 利用2000—2008年中国北方17个环保重点城市API指数资料和同期气象资料,评估沙尘天气对中国北方城市大气环境的整体影响,对比分析不同城市空气质量受春季沙尘影响的程度,并以一次强沙尘暴过程为例,探讨其影响中国北方城市空气质量的范围、程度和过程。结果表明,2000—2008年北方环保重点城市大气的首要污染物是可吸入颗粒物,污染状况严重。春季颗粒物高污染状况主要与沙尘天气有关。不同城市受沙尘影响的程度也不同,影响程度自西向东降低,其中对银川、兰州和西宁影响最大。沙尘天气容易造成严重颗粒物污染事件,颗粒物浓度变化可以清楚地反映沙尘的输送、移动及强度变化。即使在并未出现沙尘天气的地区,在上游沙尘输送作用下,颗粒物浓度也会受较大影响。  相似文献   

Evaluating the impact and significance of meteorological factors upon dust storm occurrence     

WanYuan Li  ShiHua Lü  Ye Yu  ZhiBao Dong  ZhiBao Shen  YuChun Chen 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(2):0161-0171

In this article, the quantitative impact and significance of factors on dust storm occurrence have been analyzed in detail, based on spring daily data sets of 17 meteorological factors and dust storm records during the period of 1954–2005 for 60 gauge stations distributed over Gansu Province of China. Results show that daily mean and maximum wind speeds and evaporation have a positive effect on dust storm occurrence, i.e., their increase can result in an increase of dust storm occurrence. Inversely, daily mean and minimum relative humidity, lowest surface air pressure, vapor pressure and number of sunny hours have a negative effect on dust storm occurrence. However, daily mean and highest surface air pressure; mean, highest and lowest surface air temperature; and precipitation of 20:00–08:00, 08:00–20:00 and 20:00–20:00 have a positive effect on dust storm occurrence in some places but negative in other places. On average, daily maximum and mean wind speeds, direction of the maximum wind, number of sunny hours and evaporation have a significant effect on dust storm occurrence in Gansu Province, but precipitation of 20:00–08:00, 08:00–20:00 and 20:00–20:00, and mean surface air pressure and temperature all have a minor influence upon dust storm occurrence.  相似文献