注水诱发地震的成因及影响因素探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

许华明  曲国胜  李行船  周斌 《地震工程学报》2008,30(3):221-226

根据胜利油田东营凹陷深井注水所监测到的破裂信号特征分析,结合位于同一凹陷内的角7井注水诱发地震特征,对注水诱发地震的成因进行了探讨.注水过程中地层有无先存破裂面对所诱发的地震产生较大影响,认为诱发地震的震级与注采比和注水井的构造位置密切相关.  相似文献   

Numerical modeling of two-phase flow in heterogeneous permeable media with different capillarity pressures     

Hussein Hoteit  Abbas Firoozabadi 《Advances in water resources》2008

Contrast in capillary pressure of heterogeneous permeable media can have a significant effect on the flow path in two-phase immiscible flow. Very little work has appeared on the subject of capillary heterogeneity despite the fact that in certain cases it may be as important as permeability heterogeneity. The discontinuity in saturation as a result of capillary continuity, and in some cases capillary discontinuity may arise from contrast in capillary pressure functions in heterogeneous permeable media leading to complications in numerical modeling. There are also other challenges for accurate numerical modeling due to distorted unstructured grids because of the grid orientation and numerical dispersion effects. Limited attempts have been made in the literature to assess the accuracy of fluid flow modeling in heterogeneous permeable media with capillarity heterogeneity. The basic mixed finite element (MFE) framework is a superior method for accurate flux calculation in heterogeneous media in comparison to the conventional finite difference and finite volume approaches. However, a deficiency in the MFE from the direct use of fractional flow formulation has been recognized lately in application to flow in permeable media with capillary heterogeneity. In this work, we propose a new consistent formulation in 3D in which the total velocity is expressed in terms of the wetting-phase potential gradient and the capillary potential gradient. In our formulation, the coefficient of the wetting potential gradient is in terms of the total mobility which is smoother than the wetting mobility. We combine the MFE and discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods to solve the pressure equation and the saturation equation, respectively. Our numerical model is verified with 1D analytical solutions in homogeneous and heterogeneous media. We also present 2D examples to demonstrate the significance of capillary heterogeneity in flow, and a 3D example to demonstrate the negligible effect of distorted meshes on the numerical solution in our proposed algorithm.  相似文献   

Uncertainty propagation of hydrodispersive transfer in an aquifer: an illustration of one-dimensional contaminant transport with slug injection     

David Ching-Fang Shih  Yue-Gau Chen  Gwo-Fong Lin  Yih-Min Wu 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(5):613-620

It is evident that the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient and linear flow velocity dominate solute transport in aquifers. Both of them play important roles characterizing contaminant transport. However, by definition, the parameter of contaminant transport cannot be measured directly. For most problems of contaminant transport, a conceptual model for solute transport generally is established to fit the breakthrough curve obtained from field testing, and then suitable curve matching or the inverse solution of a theoretical model is used to determine the parameter. This study presents a one-dimensional solute transport problem for slug injection. Differential analysis is used to analyze uncertainty propagation, which is described by the variance and mean. The uncertainties of linear velocity and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient are, respectively, characterized by the second-power and fourth-power of the length scale multiplied by a lumped relationship of variance and covariance of system parameters, i.e. the Peclet number and arrival time of maximum concentration. To validate the applicability for evaluating variance propagation in one-dimensional solute transport, two cases using field data are presented to demonstrate how parametric uncertainty can be caught depending on the manner of sampling.  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地流体输导格架及其对油气成藏与分布的控制   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  

邹华耀  郝芳  张柏桥  陈建平 《地球科学》2005,30(5):609-616

准噶尔盆地是一个大型叠合盆地, 不同构造单元具有不同的演化历史、流体动力学环境、流体输导格架和油气充注历史.盆地西北缘处于正常压力环境, 发育自源岩至圈闭的断裂-不整合面贯通型流体输导格架, 主要油气聚集期为三叠纪-侏罗纪.由于高效流体输导网络的发育, 西北缘油气聚集期与主力源岩生排烃期一致, 是该盆地油气最为富集的区域.盆地中部断裂密度低, 深、浅部断层被三叠系白碱滩组区域封闭层分隔, 在超压发育前和超压积蓄期为双断分隔型流体输导格架, 超压的发育导致地层发生水力破裂和封闭性断层的开启, 从而形成断裂-水力破裂连通型流体输导格架, 构成流体和二叠系源岩生成油气的穿层运移通道.由于地层水力破裂及其控制的断裂-水力破裂连通型流体输导格架的形成晚于主力源岩的主生油期, 盆地中部油气的主要聚集期晚于主力源岩的主生油期, 且原油的成熟度较高.研究证明, 输导格架控制区域性流体动力学环境、油气优势运移通道、油气的充注层位和充注历史.   相似文献   

Theis井流注水导致的含水层水平位移与应变     

冉兴龙  李宗平  夏斌 《岩土力学》2005,26(10):1551-1556

注水问题的含水层位移模型求解的难点在于边界条件的恰当处理。根据Theis定流量抽水与注水水流模型的反对称特性,假定注水位移模型的无限远通量边界与抽水位移模型的无限远通量边界也具有反对称性,从而得到Theis定流量注水的含水层位移模型解答,发现定流量注水与抽水的含水层骨架颗粒位移速度、累计位移量、径向应变及切向应变的解答均互为反号值。注水过程中含水层在径向有两种形变区,依次为膨胀区和挤压区。在膨胀区和挤压区的界限处,径向位移取得最大值。如果假定含水层顶底板不动,注水导致的地层相对位移足以产生水井或油井套管变形和折断破坏。注水时含水层在切向处于恒拉张状态,这可能导致井壁围岩产生径向放射状张裂缝。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组超低渗透砂岩储层微观孔隙结构特征研究   总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33  

王瑞飞  陈明强  孙卫 《地质论评》2008,54(2):270-277

通过物性分析、扫描电镜、铸体薄片、高压压汞技术对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组沿25、庄40、庄19三个区块超低渗透砂岩储层样品进行分析测试,研究其微观孔隙结构特征。研究表明,超低渗透砂岩储层岩石孔隙结构非均质性强,孔隙喉道类型多样是储层渗透性差的主要原因;孔喉分选系数在2.0~2.5之间、变异系数在0.1~0.2之间物性较好;较大孔喉是决定和改善储层渗透性的重要因素,细小孔道对储层储集能力的贡献较大,储层微裂缝较为发育。储层物性参数的差异、孔喉特征参数的差异等,均归因于微观孔隙结构的差异。  相似文献   

Non-double-couple mechanisms of microearthquakes induced during the 2000 injection experiment at the KTB site, Germany: A result of tensile faulting or anisotropy of a rock?     

Vclav Vavry uk  Marco Bohnhoff  Zuzana Jechumtlov  Petr Kol&#x;  Jan &#x;ílený 《Tectonophysics》2008,456(1-2):74

Moment tensors of microearthquakes induced during the 2000 injection experiment at the KTB deep drilling borehole at a depth level of 5.4 km are studied. A family of 37 most reliable moment tensors contains significant non-double-couple (non-DC) components. The DC is on average 60% and the non-DC is 40%. Fault plane solutions computed from the DC part show preferred strike-slip mechanisms with small normal or reverse components. A predominant azimuth of P and T axes is in the range of N320°–340°E and of N230°–250°E, respectively. The non-DC components contain both the isotropic (ISO) and compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) components. The mean value of ISO is 1.5%, the mean value of CLVD is − 5.7%. The predominantly negative CLVD components are inconsistent with the concept of the non-DC mechanisms as a result of tensile faulting due to fluid injection into the rock. The main origin of the non-DC components is probably anisotropy in the focal area. The other origins are errors produced by mismodelling of the medium when calculating the Green functions, and numerical errors produced by noise and limitations of input data. Adopting four alternative models of anisotropy obtained by other seismic measurements at the KTB, we have employed the non-DC components for estimating an optimum orientation of anisotropy in the focal area. The optimum orientation of the symmetry plane of anisotropy is nearly vertical with a strike of N335°–340°E. This strike coincides well with the strike of 330° typical for many major lithological units and faults and with the orientation of the transversely isotropic model inferred by other authors. After removing the anisotropy effects from the moment tensors by calculating the source tensors, the distribution of ISO is significantly narrowed. This indicates predominantly shear, but not tensile faulting.  相似文献   

空气定向水平井钻进注气量试验研究     

向军文  刘强  隆东 《探矿工程》2008,35(11):7-9

通过对空气正循环水平井的注气量进行实验研究,得出实际注气量应是满足关键点处最小动能时,将井底理论计算压力扩大17倍以后所对应的注气量,这对实际钻井前的设计有很好的指导作用。  相似文献   

鞘内注射ERK1/2抑制剂对骨癌痛大鼠的镇痛作用研究     

张鸿程  陈彪  谢庆平  谈伟健  赵绍云 《寒旱区科学》2017,9(5):119-124

目的 研究鞘内注射细胞外调节蛋白激酶（ERK1/2）抑制剂（SCH772984）对骨癌痛Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠疼痛行为学及脊髓背角Fos蛋白表达的影响,探讨ERK-P90RSK-Fos信号通路在骨癌痛中的作用。方法 取鞘内置管后5天的雌性SD大鼠40只,随机分成5组（n=8）,包括Sham假手术组和BNP模型组（分别为对照组,SCH772984给药组SCH 0.1组,SCH 1组,SCH 10组）。在造模后第9天,Sham组不给药,BNP模型组鞘内分别给5% DMSO 10μl、SCH772984抑制剂 0.1、1.0、10μg（SCH772984抑制剂溶于10μl 5%的DMSO中）。测定造模前1天、造模后3、6、9、12、15、18天以及给药后1、3、6、9、12、18、24h的机械缩足阈值（MWT）、热缩足潜伏期（PWL）以及2min自发缩足次数。取鞘内置管后5天的SD大鼠40只,随机分为5组（n=8）,其中B1、B2、B3组在造模后第9天,鞘内注射SCH772984抑制剂10μg后分别于1、9、24h取材,M组为模型对照组,鞘内注射5% DMSO后9h取材,S组为空白对照组。通过免疫印迹（Western blot）法及免疫荧光测定脊髓背角p-ERK、p-p90RSK以及Fos蛋白表达情况。结果 鞘内注射ERK1/2抑制剂（SCH772984）对骨癌痛大鼠有镇痛作用,并且该效应随着剂量的增加而增大;鞘内注射ERK1/2抑制剂（SCH772984）10μg可明显减少脊髓背角Fos蛋白的表达。结论 ERK-p90RSK-Fos通路可能影响骨癌痛。  相似文献   

电位法井间监测技术   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

张金成 《地震地质》2001,23(2):292-300

在简要阐述电位法井间监测技术的基本理论及测试方法的基础上 ,通过大庆油田采油四厂杏 7- 2更 2 4井调剖工艺效果评价、大港油田港西三区一断块注水井注水推进方位测试及山西吉试 1井煤层压裂裂缝方位测试等现场应用实例 ,证实了电位法井间监测技术在油田开发、工艺措施评价及在煤层气勘探开发领域所发挥的重要作用 ,同时也进一步说明了该技术的实用性及今后的推广前景  相似文献