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21.
Determination of Halogens (F, Cl, Br, I), Sulfur and Water in Seventeen Geological Reference Materials 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and sulfur were determined in seventeen geological reference materials after extraction by pyrohydrolysis. Fluorine, Cl and S (as sulfate ions) were determined in the extraction solution by ion chromatography with detection limits of around 0.2 mg l−1 . Bromine and I were measured by ICP-MS with detection limits of 1 μg l−1 for Br and 0.1 μg l−1 for I. For rock samples, using normal extraction conditions (500 mg of sample and 100 ml of final solution) detection limits were 40 mg kg−1 for F and Cl, 15 mg kg−1 for S, 0.2 mg kg−1 for Br and 0.02 mg kg−1 for I. These detection limits may be improved by increasing the amount of sample and hence the concentration of the final solution. Water was also determined using an extraction technique based on H2 O degassing, reduction on zinc at 1000 °C and H2 manometry. Our results for fluorine, chlorine, sulfur and water are in good agreement with literature data. Very few reference materials have recommended values for bromine and especially for iodine. Among the analysed samples, three are new reference materials: BHVO-2, BCR-2 and AGV-2. 相似文献
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During a 3-year study, gaseous hydrogenperoxide (H2O2) concentrations were measuredas part of the SANA project at the Melpitz FieldResearch Station and in the city of Leipzig. Typicaldaily mean H2O2 mixing ratios on sunny dayswere 0.15 to 0.25 ppbv with maximum values of 0.3 to0.5 ppbv at Melpitz, and 0.3 to 0.6 ppbv with maximumvalues of 0.4 to 1.0 ppbv in Leipzig. Over the entireperiod of the project the maximum hourly mean valueswere 2.1 ppbv and 5.3 ppbv in Melpitz and Leipzig,respectively. The data were not complete enough to show a trend.Linear regression analysis shows, that ozone(O3), temperature and solar radiation arepositively correlated with H2O2, whereasnitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) andrelative humidity are negatively correlated. Negativecorrelation between H2O2 and CO is caused byjoint occurrence of CO with NOx in exhaust gases.Negative correlation between H2O2 andrelative humidity is not necessarily in contradictionto the accelerating effect of water vapour onH2O2 formation. The strong positivecorrelation of H2O2 with the dew pointdifference however seems to better reflect theinfluence of water vapour. Multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) of thecomponents measured, indicates the great influence of CO on the formation of H2O2 in the gasphase. 相似文献
24.
栖霞金矿床成矿流体地球化学研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
栖霞金矿床是胶东地区产在变质岩中的石英脉型金矿床较典型的代表。该矿床属中低温热液矿床,成矿流体的盐度较低,气相成分以H2O,CO2为主;液相成分中Na^+,Ca^2+和Cl^-的含量料高,相对贫K^+和F^-,流体的成分与大气降水热液的相类似。 相似文献
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隧道支护结构荷载作用的随机反演 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
提出荷载-结构模式进行随机反分析方法,从隧道支护结构变形反算对应的荷载作用,可反推围岩抗力系数和覆土荷载的分布情况,以及作用于支护结构上各部位的外荷载。提出了以实测位移为基础的样条函数插值.以插值位移补充大量的实测值,满足了反分析所需众多的已知位移数。通过一施工实例对该方法的可行性进行了检验。 相似文献
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Jianwei Wang 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2004,222(2):517-527
Molecular dynamics (MD) modeling of the 10-Å phase, Mg3Si4O10(OH)2·xH2O, with x=2/3, 1.0 and 2.0 shows complex structural changes with pressure, temperature and water content and provides new insight into the structures and stabilization of these phases under subduction zone conditions. The structure(s) of this phase and its role as a reservoir of water in the mantle have been controversial, and these calculations provide specific predictions that can be tested by in situ diffraction studies. At ambient conditions, the computed structures of talc (x=0) and the 10-Å phases with x=2/3 and 1.0 are stable over the 350-ps period of the MD simulations. Under these conditions, the 10-Å phases show phlogopite-like layer stacking in good agreement with previously published structures based on powder X-ray diffraction data for samples quenched from high-pressure and high-temperature experiments. The calculations show that the 10-Å phase with x=2.0 is unstable at ambient conditions. The computed structures at P=5.5 GPa and T=750 K, well within the known stability field of the 10-Å phase, change significantly with water content, reflecting changing H-bonding configurations. For x=2/3, the layer stacking is talc-like, and for x=1.0, it is phlogopite-like. The calculations show that transformation between these two stackings occurs readily, and that the talc-like stacking for the x=2/3 composition is unlikely to be quenchable to ambient conditions. For x=2.0, the layer stacking at P=5.5 GPa and T=750 K is different than any previously proposed structure for a 10-Å phase. In this structure, the neighboring basal oxygens of adjacent magnesium silicate layers are displaced by b/3 (about 3 Å) resulting in the Si atoms of one siloxane sheet being located above the center of the six-member ring across the interlayer. The water molecules are located 1.2 Å above the center of all six-member rings and accept H-bonds from the OH groups located below the rings. The b/3-displaced structure does not readily transform to either the talc-like or phlogopite-like structure, because neither of these stackings can accommodate two water molecules per formula unit. There is likely to be a compositional discontinuity and phase transition between the b/3-displaced phase and the phase with phlogopite-like stacking. The simulations reported here are the first to use the recently developed CLAYFF force field to calculate mineral structures at elevated pressures and temperatures. 相似文献
29.
Izuru Takewaki 《地震工程与结构动力学》2004,33(5):575-590
A new complex modal analysis‐based method is developed in the frequency domain for efficient computation of the earthquake input energy to a highly damped linear elastic passive control structure. The input energy to the structure during an earthquake is an important measure of seismic demand. Because of generality and applicability to non‐linear structures, the earthquake input energy has usually been computed in the time domain. It is shown here that the formulation of the earthquake input energy in the frequency domain is essential for deriving a bound on the earthquake input energy for a class of ground motions and for understanding the robustness of passively controlled structures to disturbances with various frequency contents. From the viewpoint of computational efficiency, a modal analysis‐based method is developed. The importance of overdamped modes in the energy computation of specific non‐proportionally damped models is demonstrated by comparing the energy transfer functions and the displacement transfer functions. Through numerical examinations for four recorded ground motions, it is shown that the modal analysis‐based method in the frequency domain is very efficient in the computation of the earthquake input energy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
30.
In this study a procedure for determining the optimum size and location of viscoelastic dampers is proposed using the eigenvalue assignment technique. Natural frequencies and modal damping ratios, required to realize a given target response, are determined first by the convex model. Then the desired dynamic structural properties are realized by optimally distributing the damping and stiffness coefficients of viscoelastic dampers using non‐linear programming based on the gradient of eigenvalues. This optimization method provides information on the optimal location as well as the magnitude of the damper parameters. The proposed procedure is applied to the retrofit of a 10‐story shear frame, and to a three‐dimensional structure with an asymmetric plan. The analysis results confirm that the responses of model structures retrofitted by the proposed method correspond well with the given target response. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献