尾波干涉法在汶川地震余震定位中的应用     

肖震  郑勇  熊熊 《地震》2014,34(2):1-11

中小地震的震源位置及其变化对于研究地震构造、 断层性质以及地震应力场的演化等问题都有极为重要的意义。 然而以HypoDD双差定位法为代表的常规定位方法对地壳速度结构要求很高, 且受台站分布影响较大。 而尾波干涉法不需要了解速度模型的精细结构, 只要求速度结构中存在各向不均一性散射体即可, 且对台站分布要求低, 因此适合应用在中小地震的相对位置变化的研究上。 本文以汶川地震余震为例, 研究利用尾波干涉法确定相似地震相对位置的可行性及其稳定性, 并将其结果与双差法进行了比较。 发现当台站分布较好时, 其结果与双差法所得结果较为一致, 而当台站分布较差时, 尾波干涉法所得结果更为可靠。  相似文献   

用尾波干涉法监测介质波速变化研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张金川  王勤彩  薛兵  丁莉莎 《地震》2014,34(3):62-73

多次散射形成的尾波由于在介质内部重复采样、迭加和放大的作用,对介质的微小变化十分敏感。尾波干涉法利用尾波的这一特点检测介质的微小变化。近年来利用尾波干涉法高精度检测介质波速变化已经广泛应用到地震学领域和材料无损检测中。本文从尾波干涉法的原理和方法及研究进展两方面进行介绍,着重介绍了重复地震、噪声和人工源在研究介质速度变化中取得的成果。利用尾波干涉法,可以更精细地了解介质动态演化过程。  相似文献   

Ambient noise as the new source for urban engineering seismology and earthquake engineering: a case study from Beijing metropolitan area          下载免费PDF全文

Lanbo Liu  Qi-fu Chen  Weijun Wang  Eric Rohrbach 《地震科学（英文版）》2014,27(1):89-100

In highly populated urban centers, traditional seismic survey sources can no longer be properly applied due to restrictions in modern civilian life styles. The ambient vibration noise, including both microseisms and microtremor, though are generally weak but available anywhere and anytime, can be an ideal supplementary source for conducting seismic surveys for engineering seismology and earthquake engineering. This is fundamentally supported by advanced digital signal processing techniques for effectively extracting the useful information out from the noise. Thus, it can be essentially regarded as a passive seismic method. In this paper we first make a brief survey of the ambient vibration noise, followed by a quick summary of digital signal processing for passive seismic surveys. Then the applications of ambient noise in engineering seismology and earthquake engineering for urban settings are illustrated with examples from Beijing metropolitan area. For engineering seismology the example is the assessment of site effect in a large area via microtremor observations. For earthquake engineering the example is for structural characterization of a typical reinforced concrete high-rise building using background vibration noise. By showing these examples we argue that the ambient noise can be treated as a new source that is economical, practical, and particularly valuable to engineering seismology and earthquake engineering projects for seismic hazard mitigation in urban areas.  相似文献   

基于SVD和PCA方法重构干涉格林函数     

张俊  熊章强  张大洲  陈杰  刘云昌 《物探化探计算技术》2019,(2):173-180

地震干涉法(SI)是一种用来计算两个信号接收点之间格林函数(GF)的方法,它的基本假设是以其中一个接收点位置为虚拟源,可用来计算两点间震源传播的旅行时间。然而采用直接叠加的方法压制干扰信号,计算得到的干涉格林函数效果不佳,因而计算得到的旅行时间也不够精确。这里基于奇异值分解法(SVD)对叠加前的互相关矩阵进行分解及重构,可以有效压制两点间来自干扰源的信号,再利用主成分分析法(PCA)对固有几何拓扑结构降维特性提取主信号,计算得到新的干涉格林函数。数值模拟及实测数据处理结果表明:使用SVD和PCA综合处理方法,能有效提高干涉格林函数的准确性。  相似文献   

基于GAMMA软件的二轨差分原理及实验数据处理     

田辉  孙岐发  王福刚  马诗敏  陶传忠 《地质与资源》2017,26(4):403

合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术（SAR）经过10多年的发展,现已广泛的应用于地球学科的各个领域.目前主流的GAMMA解算软件,采用二轨差分的方法,对实验区的SAR数据进行配准、滤波、去平地效应、相位解缠、差分等处理,最后得到垂直形变图,实现了地表形变的监测.本次研究SAR数据为欧空局的ERS-2卫星数据,DEM分辨率为30 m,采用最小费用流法解缠,得到于雷达视线方向上的形变量,再通过计算与转换,生成垂直方向上的形变图.结果表明,研究区城市中及其周边发现明显的沉降中心,在山区地带基本没有沉降.  相似文献   

合成孔径雷达信号子带干涉技术及其应用     

龙四春  袁英  陈鹏琦  吴文豪  董彦芳  祝传广 《大地测量与地球动力学》2017,37(4):361-364

分别选用两景Radarsat-2和TerraSAR-X数据,应用子带干涉技术获取夏威夷火山国家公园及其附近区域的沉降量,并将其与偏移跟踪技术结果进行对比,证明了子带干涉技术的地表形变监测能力,且分辨率越高、带宽越宽的TerraSAR-X数据得到的监测精度越高。用两景PALSAR数据,应用子带干涉技术获得唐洞煤矿地表方位向位移,与同期GPS监测数据进行对比,进一步验证了子带干涉技术的形变监测能力。  相似文献   

Seismic interferometry by tangent‐phase correction          下载免费PDF全文

Flavio Poletto  Biancamaria Farina  Gualtiero Böhm  Kees Wapenaar 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(3):567-586

We present a modified interferometry method based on local tangent‐phase analysis, which corrects the cross‐correlated data before summation. The approach makes it possible to synthesize virtual signals usually vanishing in the conventional seismic interferometry summation. For a given pair of receivers and a set of different source positions, a plurality of virtual traces is obtained at new stationary projected points located along the signal wavefronts passing through the real reference receiver. The position of the projected points is estimated by minimizing travel times using wavefront constraint and correlation‐signal tangent information. The method uses mixed processing, which is partially based on velocity‐model knowledge and on data‐based blind interferometry. The approach can be used for selected events, including reflections with different stationary conditions and projected points with respect to those of the direct arrivals, to extend the interferometry representation in seismic exploration data where conventional illumination coverage is not sufficient to obtain the stationary‐phase condition. We discuss possible applications in crosswell geometry with a velocity anomaly and a time lapse.  相似文献   

用尾波干涉法监测介质波速变化研究进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张金川  王勤彩  薛兵  丁莉莎 《中国地震研究》2015,29(2):190-202

Multiply scattered waves are sensitive to media changes owing to the effect of repeated sampling,superposition and amplification. Based on this characteristic,small-medium changes could be detected by using coda wave interferometry. In recent years,coda wave interferometry has been widely used in estimating velocity variation with high precision in areas such as seismology and non-destructive testing. This paper systematically presents the principle and research status of coda wave interferometry,and especial focus is placed on the research of media velocity variations by using repeating earthquakes,artificial sources,and ambient noise. Applications of coda wave interferometry can contribute to the more subtle understanding of dynamic evolution process in the medium.  相似文献   

A review of terrestrial radar interferometry for measuring surface change in the geosciences          下载免费PDF全文

Rafael Caduff  Fritz Schlunegger  Andrew Kos  Andreas Wiesmann 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(2):208-228

This paper presents a review of the current state of the art in the use of terrestrial radar interferometry for the detection of surface changes related to mass movement. Different hardware‐types and acquisition concepts are described, which use either real or synthetic aperture for radar image formation. We present approaches for data processing procedures, paying special attention to the separation of high resolution displacement information from atmospheric phase variations. Recent case studies are used to illustrate applications in terrestrial radar interferometry for change detection. Applications range from detection and quantification of very slow moving (millimeters to centimeters per year) displacements in rock walls from repeat monitoring, to rapid processes resulting in fast displacements (~50 m/yr) acquired during single measurement campaigns with durations of only a few hours. Fast and episodic acting processes such as rockfall and snow avalanches can be assessed qualitatively in the spatial domain by mapping decorrelation caused by those processes. A concluding guide to best practice outlines the necessary preconditions that have to be fulfilled for successful application of the technique, as well as in areas characterized by rapid decorrelation. Empirical data from a Ku‐band sensor show the range of temporal decorrelation of different surfaces after more than two years for rock‐surfaces and after a few seconds to minutes in vegetated areas during windy conditions. The examples show that the displacement field can be measured for landslides in dense grassland, ice surfaces on flowing glaciers and snowpack creep. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

High-resolution mm interferometry and the search for massive protostellar disks: the case of Cep-A HW2     

Claudia Comito  Peter Schilke  Ulrike Endesfelder  Izaskun Jiménez-Serra  Jesus Martín-Pintado 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2008,313(1-3):59-63

The direct detection of accretion onto massive protostars through rotating disks constitutes an important tile in the massive-star-formation-theory mosaic. This task is however observationally very challenging. A very interesting example is Cepheus A HW2. The properties of the molecular emission around this YSO seems to suggest the presence of a massive rotating disk (cf. Patel et al. in Nature 437:109, 2005). We have carried out sub-arcsec-resolution PdBI observations of high-density and shock tracers such as SO₂, SiO, CH₃CN, and CH₃OH towards the center of the outflow. A detailed analysis of the spatial distribution and of the velocity field traced by all observed species leads us to conclude that, on a ∼700 AU scale, the Cep-A “disk” is actually the result of the superposition of multiple hot-core-type objects, at least one of them ejecting an outflow at a small angle with respect to the line of sight. Together with the well-known large-scale outflow ejected by HW2, this setup makes for a very complex spatial and kinematic picture. Based on observations carried out with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain).  相似文献