安塞坪桥区延长组长9致密油储层预测及有利区优选     

马浪  杜彦军  张治东  惠瑞瑞  王变阳  宋健  许璟  何斌 《西北地质》2022,(1):216-224

针对安塞坪桥区长9油层组致密油储层难以预测、勘探开发有利区不明确、严重制约勘探开发进程等问题,笔者通过对典型取心井岩相、测井相研究,在确定砂岩沉积微相类型及其空间演化的基础上,对砂岩进行横向追踪对比,准确获取单砂体厚度数据,刻画出单砂体展布特征,并结合生产动态情况,优选出致密油勘探开发有利目标区.研究结果表明,研究区致...  相似文献   

METEOROLOGICAL TSUNAMIS IN SOUTHERN BRITAIN: AN HISTORICAL REVIEW*     

SIMON K. HASLETT  EDWARD A. BRYANT 《Geographical review》2009,99(2):146-163

ABSTRACT. Meteorological tsunamis, or meteo‐tsunamis, are long‐period waves that possess tsunami characteristics but are meteorological in origin, although they are not storm surges. In this article we investigate the coast of southern Britain‐the English Channel, the Bristol Channel, and the Severn Estuary‐for the occurrence of tsunami‐like waves that, in the absence of associated seismic activity, we recognize as meteo‐tsunamis. The passage of squall lines over the sea apparently generated three of these events, and two seem to have been far‐traveled, long‐period waves from mid‐North Atlantic atmospheric low‐pressure systems. The remaining three wave events appear to have been associated with storms that, among possible explanations, may have induced large‐amplitude standing waves‐such as seiches‐or created long‐period waves through the opposition of onshore gale‐force winds and swells with high ebb tidal current velocities. This coastal hazard has resulted in damage and loss of life and should be considered in future coastal defense strategies and in beachuser risk assessments.  相似文献   

HEIMDALL'S STONES AT VITEMÖLLA IN SE SWEDEN AND THE CHRONOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE SURROUNDINGS     

BY NILS-AXEL MÖRNER  BOB G. LIND  GÖRAN POSSNERT 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2009,91(3):205-213

Heimdall's Stones at Vitemölla is an archaeological monument of stones arranged in circles and where sightlines can be identified of the sunrise and sunset at winter and summer solstices and spring and autumn equinoxes. Therefore, this stone monument is likely to have served as an archaeoastronomic observatory. It is founded in a fossil land surface now covered by half a metre of eolian sand. In order to date this sand drift, sediment coring was performed in the nearby Sandefloen bog. Seven levels were subjected to AMS C14 dating. The first sand drift, correlated with the sand drift covering Heimdall's Stones, was dated at 500–600 cal. bc . Consequently, the observatory has to date back to the Bronze Age, fitting well with its Sun cult and with the rock carvings recorded on the individual stones. At the seashore 500 m east of the observatory and the bog, we were able to reconstruct the sea-level changes. In conclusion, we combine the recorded sea-level changes with the C14-dated bog stratigraphy and the observed stratigraphy at Heimdall's Stones (covering an area of 500×500 m) into one unified picture. The chronostratigraphic position of Heimdall's Stones agrees well with the dating of the Kivik grave. The Vitemölla area is likely to have been an important cultural centre in the Bronze Age.  相似文献   

钙质砂室内载荷试验研究   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

王新志  汪稔  孟庆山  刘晓鹏 《岩土力学》2009,30(1):147-151

为保护和开发海洋资源,在珊瑚礁上进行工程建设时必须要查明岛礁上钙质砂地基的承载力和变形特性。室内载荷试验的结果表明,相同密实度的钙质砂具有比石英砂大得多的承载力和变形模量,变形量则小得多;钙质砂的承载力随着相对密实度的增大而增大,破坏时的变形量显著减小;相同密实度下饱和钙质砂比干燥钙质砂的承载力和变形模量低很多。钙质砂地基中土压力随深度急剧衰减,荷载的有效影响深度为2～3倍基础宽度;随着荷载的增大,土压力从表层逐渐传递到更深的土层。  相似文献   

若尔盖盆地沙丘形成分布影响因素探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

魏振海  董治宝  胡光印  逯军峰 《中国沙漠》2009,29(6):1035-1042

应用遥感数据、DEM数据、野外采样数据和气象数据探讨若尔盖盆地沙丘形成分布的影响因素。气候变化与人类活动等多种因素导致的现代河相沉积物与活化出露的古河相湖相沉积物是重要沙源,风动力条件与沙源的时空结合在堆积床面形成沙丘,沙丘主要分布在河谷与丘陵山坡。沙丘分布随海拔高度增加面积减少,随坡度增大面积下降。河谷沙丘坡度小,主导坡向也不突出。丘陵沙丘坡度相对较大,以分布在斜坡和缓坡为主;主导坡向相对突出,主要分布在背风坡的东坡、东南坡。在沙源地下风方向随距离增大沙丘沉积物平均粒径变小,分选性变好。沙丘形成是沙源、风动力、堆积床面三者耦合作用的结果,这种耦合既表现在时间上,也表现在空间上。  相似文献   

科尔沁沙地几种常见植物对风胁迫的生理响应   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

曲浩  赵学勇  岳广阳  王少昆 《中国沙漠》2009,29(4):668-673

风在自然界很常见,对植物也有很大影响,尤其在多风沙的干旱、半干旱地区。本研究以科尔沁沙地4种常见植物:沙米、大果虫实、胡枝子和马唐为对象,采用便携式风洞对以上4种植物进行不同吹风强度(4 m·s-1和8 m·s-1)和吹风时间(20~120 min)的处理,同时利用Li-6400光合作用测定仪对植物的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Ts)的变化进行测定,以研究这4种植物对风胁迫的生理响应。结果表明:4种植物的Pn、Gs和Ts均随着风速的增大和吹风时间的加长而显著降低。在4 m·s-1风速下,4种植物的Pn、Gs和Ts在吹风结束时分别降低了47.2%~89.3%,49.4%~90.1%,45.7%~86.5%。同样,在8 m·s-1风速下,4种植物Pn、Gs和Ts的降幅分别为59.2%~91.3%,47.3%~93.5%,69.5%~91.8%。除了胡枝子的Gs外,其他所测指标在8 m·s-1风速下的降幅均大于在4 m·s-1风速下。4种植物的水分利用效率(WUE)在吹风的初期均有所升高,但当吹风时间超过60 min后则普遍开始下降,这说明固沙植物对短时风胁迫具有一定的适应性。  相似文献   

海相淤泥软土地基强夯置换砂桩试验分析     

徐东升  汪稔  孟庆山  胡明鉴 《岩土力学》2009,30(12):3831-3836

针对某海相淤泥软土的处理工程,选取了一强夯砂桩置换试验区,监测了强夯置换过程中夯坑及其周围土体的变形,超孔隙水压力的增长和消散情况以及深层土体水平位移。分析结果表明,单个置换砂桩夯击8次较为合理;强夯置换后静置一段时间,可以有效减小强夯过程中的超静孔隙水压力,且一遍强夯后静置7 d后超孔隙水压力基本消散完;深层土体的水平位移主要发生在地表以下3～6.5 m深度范围内。  相似文献   

Microbiotic crusts as biomarkers for surface stability and wetness duration in the Negev Desert     

Giora J. Kidron  Ahuva Vonshak  Aharon Abeliovich 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(12):1594-1604

Microbiotic crusts play an important role in arid and semi‐arid regions. Yet, very little information exists regarding the factors that impact their development. In an attempt to assess the main factors that may determine their growth, measurements of the amount of fines (silt and clay), rain, moisture content, wetness duration and wind erosion and deposition were carried out along a 12 station transect within a partially crusted dune field in the western Negev Desert and compared to the crust cover and chlorophyll content. Surface stability was the only variable that exhibited significant relationship with crust cover while daylight wetness duration exhibited strong positive relationship (r² = 0·92–0·99) with the crust's chlorophyll content. The data point out that microbiotic crusts may serve as a useful biomarker for surface stability. While wetness duration and wind will control crust cover and the crust chlorophyll content in semi‐stable habitats (with absolute annual change in sand level of 2–3 mm), stable habitats (absolute change <1 mm) will be controlled primarily by moisture, while habitats with low surface stability (absolute change of tens and hundreds of millimeters) will be primarily controlled by wind. Furthermore, owing to the strong positive relationship between daylight wetness duration and the crust's chlorophyll content, the crust may serve as a useful biomarker for the quantification of surface wetness duration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Holocene evolution of a rock‐bounded barrier‐lagoon system,Cíes Islands,northwest Iberia     

Susana Costas  Castor Muñoz Sobrino  Irene Alejo  Marta Pérez‐Arlucea 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(11):1575-1586

Coastal geomorphology results from the combined effects of contemporary dynamics, sea‐level rise and the inherited geological framework, yet the relative importance of these driving mechanisms may change throughout the evolutionary history of coastal deposits. In this contribution, we analyse the depositional history of the Cíes Islands barrier‐lagoon system, based on lithofacies, radiocarbon ages, and pollen analysis. Our results reveal a sedimentary sequence that provides evidence for striking changes in the dynamical functioning of this complex since the mid‐Holocene. The sedimentary sequence commenced about 7700 cal years bp by fresh‐water ponding of an upland depression located about 4 m below present mean sea‐level. Fresh‐water ponds were infilled by aeolian sediments following a gradual lowering of the water‐table 4000 cal years bp . Post‐3600 cal years bp sea‐level rise allowed water oscillations to reach the elevation of the bedrock causing the inundation of fresh‐water ponds and subsequent lagoonal and marine sedimentation. Subsequently, landward and upward migration of a sand‐barrier led to overwash and deposition of sand in the newly formed lagoon. The resultant sedimentary sequence suggests that climatic conditions played an important role controlling the sedimentation regime during the entire history of the basin; changing water‐table levels during early stages of evolution and increasing storminess during more recent times. In addition, background sea‐level rise related to the Holocene transgression was a key factor in controlling the evolution of the system, yet its influence depended to an extent on the relative elevation of the bedrock topography. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

昆明盆地砂土液化灾害评价     

虎雄林  杨润海  张建国  郑定昌 《地震研究》2009,32(Z1)

系统收集整理昆明盆地238个钻孔资料,根据<建筑抗震设计规范>(CB50011-2001)中砂土液化的判别方法,对其中81个钻孔进行了液化判别和等级划分.结果显示,昆明盆地地形平坦,由北向南高程渐低,自然坡降为1‰～2‰,地层由第四纪的冲积、湖积及湖沼相沉积之砂质粘土、淤泥、草煤及粉砂组成,其液化判定结果与盆地地貌和沉积物的分布规律一致.在Ⅷ度以上地震烈度影响下,滇池北岸到昆明机场的范围内存在砂土液化的可能.  相似文献