The influence of particle composition on thorium scavenging in the NE Atlantic ocean (POMME experiment)     

M. Roy-Barman  C. Jeandel  M. Souhaut  M. Rutgers van der Loeff  I. Voege  N. Leblond  R. Freydier 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2005,240(3-4):681-693

²³⁰Th, ²³²Th and ²³⁴Th were analyzed in sinking particles collected by moored and drifting sediment traps in the NE Atlantic Ocean (POMME experiment) in order to constrain the phase(s) carrying Th isotopes in the water column. It reveals a contrasted behaviour between ²³⁴Th and ²³⁰Th. ²³⁴Th is correlated to the particulate organic carbon suggesting that it is primarily scavenged by organic compounds in the surface waters. ²³⁰Th_xs is correlated with Mn, Ba and the lithogenic fraction that are enriched in small suspended particles and incorporated in the sinking particulate flux throughout the water column. The lack of correlation between ²³⁰Th_xs and CaCO₃ or biogenic silica (bSi) indicates that CaCO₃ and bSi are not responsible for ²³⁰Th scavenging in the deep waters of this oceanic region. ²³⁰Th is generally correlated with the lithogenic content of the trapped material but this correlation disappears in winter during strong atmospheric dust inputs suggesting that lithogenic matter is not directly responsible for ²³⁰Th scavenging in the deep waters or that sufficient time is required to achieve particle–solution equilibration. MnO₂ could be the prevalent ²³⁰Th_xs-bearing phase. The narrow range of K_{d_MnO2}^Th obtained for very contrasted oceanic environments supports a global control of ²³⁰Th_xs scavenging by MnO₂ and raises the possibility that the ²³⁰Th–²³¹Pa fractionation is controlled by the amount of colloidal MnO₂ in seawater.  相似文献   

High-Altitude CUSP: The Extremely Dynamic Region in Geospace     

Jiasheng Chen  Theodore A. Fritz 《Surveys in Geophysics》2005,26(1-3):71-93

The high-altitude dayside cusps (both northern and southern) are extremely dynamic regions in geospace. Large diamagnetic cavities with significant fluctuations of the local magnetic field strength have been observed there. These cusp diamagnetic cavities are always there day after day and are as large as 6 R_E Associated with these cavities are charged particles with energies from 20 keV up to 10 MeV. The intensities of the cusp energetic ions have been observed to increase by as much as four orders of the magnitude when compared with regions adjacent to the cusp which includes the magnetosheath. Their seed populations are a mixture of ionospheric and solar wind particles. The measured energetic ion fluxes in the high-altitude cusp are higher than that in both the regions upstream and downstream from the bow shock. Turbulent electric fields with an amplitude of about 10 mV/m are also present in the cusp, and a cusp resonant acceleration mechanism is suggested. The observations indicate that the dayside high-altitude cusp is a key region for transferring the solar wind mass, momentum, and energy into the Earth’s magnetosphere.  相似文献   

Geochemical characteristics of mineral air particles emitted inside a clay atomisation plant which introduces waste recycling processes     

V Sanfelix  ET Gòmez  MM Jordán  T Sanfeliu  S Pallarés  AB Vicente 《Environmental Geology》2005,47(6):811-819

The objective of this work is to assess the concentrations of three factions of air particles (settable particles, TSP and PM10) and the levels of several toxic elements in a clay atomisation industry through aerosol sampling at several points inside an industrial plant. Mechanical activities, which produce diffuse emissions, are the main process of discharge of particles in both indoor and outdoor workplace environments in the atomisation plant. The levels of As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ba and Ni increase in the zones with higher concentrations of particles and lower ventilation. The concentrations of As and F are not influenced by the recycling processes. The levels of Cd and Pb do not show great enrichment in air particles collected inside the atomisation plant although the content of both elements is associated with ceramic muck recycling. Finally, the content of B in waste water is mainly transferred in gaseous phase to the atmosphere during the process of drying by atomisation.  相似文献   

Refined modeling and movement characteristics analyses of irregularly shaped particles          下载免费PDF全文

Y. W. Zeng  L. Jin  X. Du  R. Gao 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2015,39(4):388-408

Irregularly shaped (IRS) particles widely exist in many engineering and industrial fields. The macro physical and mechanical properties of the particle system are governed by the interaction between the particles in the system. The interaction between IRS particles is more complicated because of their complex geometric shape with extremely irregular and co‐existed concave and convex surfaces. These particles may interlock each other, making the sliding and friction of IRS particles more complex than that of particles with regular shape. In order to study the interaction of IRS particles more efficiently, a refined method of constructing discrete element model based on computed tomography scanning of IRS particles is proposed. Three parameters were introduced to control the accuracy and the number of packing spheres. Subsequently, the inertia tensor of the IRS particle model was optimized. Finally, laboratory and numerical open bottom cylinder tests were carried out to verify the refined modeling method. The influence of particle shape, particle position, and mesoscopic friction coefficient on the interaction of particles was also simulated. It is noteworthy that with the increase of mesoscopic friction coefficient, the fluidity of IRS particle assembly decreases, and intermittent limit equilibrium state may appear. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

玄武质陨石NWA8545的岩石地球化学特征以及对其母体岩浆过程的启示     

李毅恒  汪在聪  何琦 《地质学报》2021,95(9):2889-2900

NWA 8545 是一块玄武质无球粒陨石,它与碳质陨石(CC)NWA 011 成对.CC 被认为是来自于外太阳系的一类物质,由于同位素异常,它们区别于来自内太阳系的非碳质陨石(NC).NWA 011 及其成对陨石作为CC中稀有的玄武质无球粒陨石,其记录的岩浆过程可以被用来研究外太阳系早期行星母体的岩浆活动.本文利用扫描电镜、电子探针和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)对NWA 8545 中的辉石、斜长石和陨磷钙钠石进行岩相学以及原位主微量元素的分析,并根据矿物模式丰度计算全岩稀土元素含量.电子探针结果显示NWA 8545 与 HED族陨石Eucrite(钙长辉长无球粒陨石)具有相似的主量元素特征,同时其岩相学与5 型Eucrite类似.激光微量数据表明辉石、斜长石和陨磷钙钠石的稀土元素配分都表现出略微的Ce异常,但其辉石的Ba、Sr等元素并未出现明显的富集现象,即该陨石受地球风化作用影响不明显.利用辉石和斜长石的稀土元素含量,计算平衡熔体的成分,显示其平衡熔体的成分都与全岩的成分比较接近,可以认为两者是在封闭的体系下接近同时结晶.结合变质过程和母体岩浆的成分,本文认为NWA 8545 是由其母体岩浆在经历分离结晶过程后喷发到母体行星表面冷却形成的.  相似文献   

特提斯喜马拉雅铅锌锑金成矿带含炭质岩石中热液脉型矿床的综合电法勘探——以西藏扎西康铅锌锑多金属矿为例          下载免费PDF全文

郭镜  焦彦杰  梁生贤 《沉积与特提斯地质》2021,41(4):612-624

扎西康铅锌锑多金属矿床产出于特提斯喜马拉雅炭质板岩的断裂带内,是特提斯喜马拉雅铅锌锑金成矿带内典型的热液脉型矿床。由于含炭质岩石和金属硫化物都呈现出相似的低阻高极化电性特征,加之热液脉型矿床的矿体普遍较小,使得在含炭质岩石中对金属硫化物矿体进行电法勘探存在较大困难。本文通过对扎西康矿床已知矿体的音频大地电磁测深和激电中梯测量,发现矿区的炭质板岩呈现低电阻率(10^-0.4~10⁰Ω·m)和高极化率(9%~20%)特征,而矿体呈现出高电阻率(10²~10³Ω·m)和低极化率(1%~5%)的特征。经研究分析,认为造成这种现象的原因有两方面：(1)扎西康炭质板岩中的炭质物质量分数平均为0.79%,变质温度约在300±25℃~340±25℃,炭质物电阻率为6.1×10^-5~6.8×10^-4Ω·m,显示极好的导电性;此外,炭质板岩中存在大量黏土矿物,黏土矿物的吸水性促进了炭质物的连通性,因此炭质物高导电性与连通性的耦合使得炭质板岩呈现低阻高极化电性特征;(2)扎西康矿床的脉型矿体除包含金属硫化物外,还产出大量的脉石矿物,脉石矿物普遍具有高阻低极化电性特征,是造成整个矿体在炭质板岩中呈现高阻低极化异常的根本原因。据此,本文提出在炭质板岩中通过识别脉石矿物引起的高阻低极化异常带间接找矿的新思路,相应的技术方法组合为：利用激电中梯测量定位高阻低极化带的平面位置,再利用音频大地电磁测深探测其深部产状。  相似文献   

94/220 GHz星载雷达双波长比对非球形冰晶云参数敏感性分析     

吴举秀  窦芳丽  安大伟  顾瑜  周青  刘伟 《气象学报》2019,77(3):529-540

利用不同形状冰晶的散射特性,获得了非球形冰晶云的94/220 GHz测云雷达双波长比,探讨了非球形冰晶云的双波长比与云内微物理参数的关系,分析了衰减前后的星载雷达反射率因子及双波长比的垂直廓线。结果表明:（1）双波长比可以反映小到0.1 mm中值尺度的冰粒子,对粒子总数、谱的形状参数不敏感,对粒子大小、形状、云衰减较敏感。（2）雷达灵敏度一定时,星载雷达可测云厚与雷达波长、冰含水量（IWC）的垂直分布、云厚及衰减有关;没有进行衰减订正时,双波长比和衰减有关,冰含水量越大,波长越短,衰减越大,双波长比最大值与可探测云厚有关。两部雷达可探测冰含水量为0.001—0.1 g/m3、厚2 km的冰云;当云厚5 km、冰含水量垂直分布在0.001—0.2 g/m3时,云厚的94%基本可以被220 GHz云雷达探测到。（3）如果两部雷达气象方程中用水的介电因子,测量回波强度应进行介电因子的订正后再计算双波长比。   相似文献   

青藏铁路填土路基热-力耦合离散元研究     

石梁宏  李双洋  尹楠 《冰川冻土》2021,43(1):195-203

多年冻土是含有冰的特殊土体,在自然环境变化及工程扰动下易发生冻胀融沉变形,严重威胁着青藏高原工程建筑物的安全稳定,特别对青藏铁路的畅通运营提出了严峻挑战.以青藏铁路五道梁地区路基断面为研究对象,采用颗粒离散单元法,通过建立热-力离散元计算模型,对路基的温度场和变形进行了计算和预测.结果表明:离散单元法克服了有限元方法无...  相似文献   

宇宙线的超新星遗迹起源     

张轶然  刘四明 《天文学报》2019,60(5):63-84

宇宙线的起源是高能天体物理的核心问题之一.一直以来,超新星爆发被认为是能谱膝区以下宇宙线的主要来源.多波段观测表明,超新星遗迹有能力加速带电粒子至亚PeV (10~(15)eV)能量.扩散激波加速被认为是最有效的天体高能粒子加速机制之一,而超新星遗迹的大尺度激波正好为这一机制提供平台.近年来,一系列较高精度的地面和空间实验极大地推动了对宇宙线以及超新星遗迹的研究.新的观测事实挑战着传统的扩散激波加速模型以及其在银河系宇宙线超新星遗迹起源学说上的应用,深化了人们对宇宙高能现象的认识.结合超新星遗迹辐射能谱的时间演化特性,构建的时间依赖的超新星遗迹粒子加速模型,不仅能够解释200 GV附近宇宙线的能谱反常,还自然地形成能谱膝区,甚至可以将超新星遗迹粒子加速对宇宙线能谱的贡献延伸至踝区.该模型预期超新星遗迹中粒子的输运行为表现为湍流扩散,这需要未来的观测以及与粒子输运相关的等离子体数值模拟工作来进一步验证.  相似文献   

透明胞外聚合颗粒物碳输运新途径   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

孙军  郭聪聪  张桂成 《海洋学报》2019,41(8):125-130

目前大家普遍认为,透明胞外聚合颗粒物(Transparent Exopolymer Particles,TEP)因其独特的凝聚效应导致碳通量向海底输出。但是,近几年的研究表明TEP不仅影响了碳沉降途径,其本身能够悬浮甚至向海水表层迁移,导致其在海洋微表层(Surface Micro-layer, SML)积累,最终显著影响海洋表层碳通量。TEP和其他颗粒物聚集形成凝聚物后,其运动趋势则由凝聚物中TEP的含量占比,即最终颗粒物密度所决定。一个新的值得注意的现象是,密度低的TEP通过与其他微粒聚合形成表面活性物质(Surface-active Substances, SAS),会在海洋–大气界面形成薄膜,显著影响海–气CO₂交换通量,甚至对全球气候变化造成影响。  相似文献