亚硝酸盐对长毛对虾幼体的毒性   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

高淑英  邹栋梁 《台湾海峡》1994,13(3):236-239

长毛对虾幼体从无节幼体至仔虾期对亚硝酸盐的忍耐性依次增强。在盐度３２，ｐＨ８．２０和水温２８±０．５℃的条件下，无节，蚤状，糖虾，仔虾２４ｈ的ＬＣ５０值分别为７．６３，１５．０９，２２．９２和６４．５８ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３ＮＯ２２－Ｎ；蚤状，糖虾，仔虾４８ｈ的ＬＣ５０值分别为１１．９，１１．４１和３７．３４ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３ＮＯ２－Ｎ；仔虾７２ｈ和９６ｈ的ＬＣ５０值分别为２２．９４和１３．８１ｍｇ／ｄｍ＾３  相似文献   

氨及亚硝酸盐对真鲷仔鱼的急性毒性研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

蓝伟光  陈霓 《海洋科学》1992,16(3):68-69

氨是水产动物蛋白质代谢的最终产物,亚硝酸盐是氨硝化作用的中间产物。在养殖系统中氨及亚硝酸盐都有可能积累到使鱼放毒的程度。因而了解养殖对象对氨及亚硝酸盐的忍耐程度是必需的。  相似文献   

地下水三氮污染的研究进展   总被引：35，自引：1，他引：35  

罗泽娇  靳孟贵 《水文地质工程地质》2002,29(4):65-69

在查阅国内外相关文献的基础上，综述了三氮污染的产生、危害及地下水污染现状，三氮污染的分析测试方法，三氮迁移转化过程和模型的研究，以及地下水三氮污染防治研究的现状。提出了今后的研究方向，应从控制三氮污染源入手，加强包气带－饱和带的三氮耦合研究，加强深层地下水和高浓度三氮污染的研究。同时，要提高三氮污染的野外监测水平和三氮污染的治理技术研究。  相似文献   

Impact of the water-sediment regulation and a rainstorm on nutrient transport in the Huanghe River   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

巩瑶  姚庆祯  于志刚 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(1):140-147

Dissolved nutrient concentration in the Huanghe(Yellow) River at Lijin was monitored during a water-sediment regulation period and a subsequent rainstorm from 14 June to 19 July, 2005. This study provides detailed information on nutrient concentrations in the Huanghe River during the water-sediment regulation and rainstorm periods, and is of signifi cance for the downstream area of the Huanghe River and the Bohai Sea. The average concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and ammonia were 304.7 μmol/L, 0.19 μmol/L, and 1.10 μmol/L, respectively, while the average concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP) and dissolved silicate(DSi) were 0.23 μmol/L and 122.9 μmol/L, respectively. Nutrient concentrations during the water-sediment regulation period were mainly infl uenced by the dilution effect, fl oodplain effect and sediment resuspension while dilution and erosion effects were the main factors during the rainstorm. The fl uxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN), DIP and DSi during the water-sediment regulation and rainstorm periods accounted for 20.4%, 19.5%, 16.7% and 4.97%, 6.45%, 5.47% of the annual nutrient fl uxes, respectively. Discharge was the main factor infl uencing the fl uxes of nutrients during both the watersediment regulation and the rainstorm periods.  相似文献   

波纹龙虾胚胎对五种生态因子的适应性     

罗嘉俊  程家荣  王晨芳  杨荣业  梁华芳  温崇庆 《广东海洋大学学报》2021,(2)

【目的】研究波纹龙虾(Panulirus homarus)胚胎对生态因子的耐受能力,为龙虾繁殖提供数据。【方法】采用封闭静水实验方法和常规生物急性毒性实验法。在温度(30±0.5)℃,盐度30,pH(8.10±0.1)和溶解氧(DO)为(5.0±0.5)mg/L条件下,分别进行温度、盐度、pH的骤变和渐变对波纹龙虾胚胎存活影响研究;根据急性毒性预实验结果设置等对数间距浓度值,进行氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对波纹龙虾胚胎的急性毒性实验。【结果与结论】波纹龙虾胚胎发育的温度、盐度和pH耐受范围分别为7~36℃、15~45和5.8~9.4;波纹龙虾胚胎适宜温度为15~30℃,适宜盐度为30~35,适宜pH为7.0~8.5;氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮毒性效应与浓度和暴露时间呈正相关。氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮暴露24~96 h,波纹龙虾胚胎存活率组间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。氨氮对波纹龙虾胚胎24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度(LC₅₀)分别是180.46、61.11、41.87、26.58 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为2.66 mg/L;亚硝酸盐氮对波纹龙虾胚胎24、48、72和96 h的LC₅₀分别是839.50、423.75、214.48、135.41 mg/L,SC为13.54 mg/L。  相似文献   

太湖富营养化湖区秋季水体和沉积物中硝化微生物分布特征及控制因素   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

吴玲  秦红益  朱梦圆  韩成  朱广伟  钟文辉 《湖泊科学》2017,29(6):1312-1323

微生物参与下的氮循环是富营养化湖泊十分重要的生物地球化学循环过程.采用基于amoA功能基因和16S rRNA基因的荧光定量PCR、PCR-DGGE与高通量测序等分子生物学技术,调查秋季太湖不同水体和表层沉积物中氨氧化古菌(AOA)、氨氧化细菌(AOB)和亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)群落丰度和组成,探讨影响硝化微生物分布的关键环境因子.结果表明,中度富营养化的梅梁湾湖区水体表层、中层和底层水样和表层底泥中AOA amoA基因的丰度分别低于轻度富营养化的湖心区,而不同层水样中AOB amoA基因的丰度分别高于湖心区.梅梁湾湖区和湖心区水样中AOA群落组成基本相似,2个湖区表层沉积物样品中AOA群落组成亦基本相似,水体中AOA群落组成与表层沉积物中AOA群落组成有差异,AOA群落丰度显著受硝态氮、pH和DO影响;表层沉积物中AOB群落丰度有明显差异且显著受总氮含量影响,表层沉积物中NOB群落丰度也有明显差异且显著受亚硝态氮含量影响.太湖梅梁湾湖区和湖心区水体与表层沉积物AOA群落包括Nitrosopumilium和Nitrosotalea两大属;表层沉积物AOB群落主要包括亚硝化单胞菌(Nitrosomonas)和亚硝化螺菌(Nitrosospira)两大属,NOB群落主要包括硝化刺菌(Nitrospina)和硝化螺菌(Nitrospira)两大属,其中硝化螺菌属是淡水湖泊中比较少见的亚硝酸盐氧化菌.影响太湖水体和沉积物中AOA和AOB丰度的最主要环境因子为总氮、总磷与铵态氮.研究表明典型富营养指标(总氮、总磷、铵态氮、硝态氮和硝态氮等)是影响太湖梅梁湾和湖心区水体和沉积物中AOA或AOB丰度以及硝化微生物群落丰度的重要因素.  相似文献   

Sequential injection spectrophotometric determination of nanomolar nitrite in seawater by on-line preconcentration with HLB cartridge   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANG Min  YUAN Dongxing  HUANG Yongming  CHEN Guohe  ZHANG Zhen 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(1):100-107

The unstable state of nitrite results in its very low concentration in seawater,which is below the limit of detection(LOD) of conventional techniques of analysis. Some sensitivity-enhanced methods have been proposed for the determination of nitrite at nanomolar level to illustrate the role of nitrite in the marine nitrogen cycle. However,most of previous reports are not widely accepted,because of their complexity and cost equipment or intensive labor requirement. In this study,a simple automatic system for the determination of nanomolar level nitrite using on-line preconcentration with spectrophotometric detection was described. An Oasis HLB cartridge was adopted to quantitatively enrich the pink-colored azo compound,formed from nitrite via Griess reaction. The cartridge was rinsed with water and ethanol(volume fraction is 55%,the same below) ,in turn,then eluted by an eluent containing 50% ethanol and 0.25 M(mol/dm 3 ) H 2 SO 4,and determined at 543 nm with a 2 cm path-length flow cell. Under the optimized experimental conditions,the calibration curve showed a good linearity in the range of 1.4-85.7 nM,and the LOD(3σ) was estimated to be 0.5 nM. The relative standard deviations of 7 measurements were 4.0% and 1.0% for the samples spiked at 7.1 and 28.6 nM,respectively. The recoveries for the different natural water samples were between 92.2%-108.4%. Each HLB cartridge could be reused for at least 50 times. As compared with other SPE methods,the advantages of this method included the free of interference from salinity variation and less sample consuming. The results of the application of the proposed method to natural water showed good agreement with liquid waveguide capillary cell detection method.  相似文献   

硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐对三唑磷在海水中光降解的影响     

陈容  孟春霞  张慧玲 《海洋湖沼通报》2010,(3)

研究了高压汞灯照射下硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐对天然海水中三唑磷光降解的影响情况。实验发现:在300 W高压汞灯照射下,在天然海水中,三唑磷降解速率受硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐等因素的影响,且降解均符合一级动力学规律;在三唑磷水溶液中分别添加浓度为0.1,1,2,4mg/L的NO3-及NO2-,均不同程度地抑制三唑磷的光降解速率,且其抑制作用均随NO3-及NO2-添加浓度的增大而增强,三唑磷的光降解速率常数(k)的变化范围为0.00394~0.00861 min-1。  相似文献