有机酸与矿物间界面作用研究评述   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

吴宏海  胡勇有  黎淑平 《岩石矿物学杂志》2001,20(4):399-404

介绍了近年来有机酸与矿物之间相互作用的研究进展，重点探讨有机还可能与矿物间相互作用的环境意义、作用模式以及低分子量有机酸和高分子量腐殖酸在与矿物作用时各自的特点和彼此间的差异。有机酸-矿物界面作用控制着金属、有机污染物的迁移、转化与归宿以及生物可给性。有机酸-矿物界面作用存在多种模式，主要受有机酸和矿物的活性基团类型、含量分布以及有机酸分子量大小和疏水性等因素的影响。  相似文献   

Formation Waters and Their Relations to Natural Gas Reservoirs in Central Ordos Basin     

李贤庆  侯读杰  胡国艺  柳常青  唐友军 《中国地球化学学报》2003,22(2):116-122

1IntroductionFormationwaterisanimportantmediumforhydrocarbongenerationandmigration .Thelong termcontactofformationwaterswithoilandgasmustleavesomeorganiccomponentsintheforma tionwaters.Ofcourse,thechemicalcompositionofformationwater (i.e.,oilfieldwater)iscloselyrelatedtotheformationofoilandgasreservoirs (Collins,1 975) .Since 1 970smanyscholarsbothathomeandabroadhavecenteredonthestudyofthecharacteristicsofformationwatersthemselves(Collins,1 975;LiuChongxi,1 988;HuangFutangetal.,1 993 ;GaoX…  相似文献   

Tropospheric pyruvate changes in the remote area of northwestern China     

李心清  秦大河  江伟  蒋倩 《中国地球化学学报》2005,24(3):201-207

Pyruvate is a light carboxylate in the troposphere and can act as potential cloud condensation nuclei. Due to its low concentrations, however, little work has been done on the species in precipitation. Past 43-year record of pyruvate was recovered from an ice core of Glacier 1 at 43°06′N and 86°49′E in the remote East Tianshan, northwestern China. It was revealed that pyruvate varied over a relatively large range with some below the detection limit, while part of it is so high as to be up to 70 ng·g-1. With an average concentration of 4.1 ± 8.1 ng·g-1 (mean ± 1σ, N=543), pyruvate is a minor species in comparison with other carboxylates. It is also low as compared with its precipitation in other parts of the world, suggesting a difference in its major source flux. The record revealed high pyruvate concentrations in the late halves of the 1950s and 1980s, but low in the late 1950s, late 1970s, and middle 1990s. The variation trend in the past 43 years is closely correlated with that of acetate, a major carboxylate from anthropogenic pollution to the atmosphere, indicating that tropospheric pyruvate in the remote area of northwestern China is probably a by-product in acetate formation.  相似文献   

Dissolution of hydrous Th （Ⅳ） oxide in aqueous Na^＋-H^＋-OH^——NO3^——H2O^- solutions in the presence of citrate, EDTA and oxalate     

Ziya S. Cetiner Scott A. Wood 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):245-246

Data on the hydrolysis of Th （Ⅳ） and solubility of ThO2 in the presence of organic ligands are of critical importance to the safe disposal and treatment of high-level nuclear waste. Such data are required to predict reliably thorium behaviour in high-level waste repositories where organic anions may be present. In addition, recent studies of the performance of thorium-based fuels report that these fuels can be used to reduce concerns related to potential proliferation of nuclear weapons and disposal of the current uranium dioxide fuel waste. Because several reactor concepts based on thorium fuel cycles are under consideration, it is important to have thermodynamic data to predict how such fuel and its waste form will behave in the environment. To establish the effect of pH and organic ligands on the hydrolysis of Th （Ⅳ）, experiments on the solubility of hydrous ThO2 in aqueous solution at room temperature were performed, covering a wide range of pH （pH=3.0 to 12.0） in 0.1 molal NaNO3 solutions. Experiments also were conducted in the presence of citrate, EDTA and oxalate with a concentration range 100 to 500 μmol. Approach to equilibrium was from supersaturation. Slopes of straight lines fit to plots of log mTh vs. pH were approximately -4 at the acidic region and near 0 at neutral and alkaline region for experiments conducted at constant ionic strength （I=0.1）, implying that the dominant Th species should be Th4^＋ and Th （OH）4（aq） The←→Th^4＋＋2H2O ThO2＋2H2O←→Th （OH）40 as follows： ThO2＋4H^＋ solubility of ThO2 decreases with increasing pH （pH 3 -6） and remains near the detection limit of ICP-MS （in the order of 10^-9 M to 10^1- M） in the range of pH 6-12. These values are in accordance with data in the literature.  相似文献   

天山污染 冰芯作证     

《地理教学》2006,(10):46

科学家通过对天山一号冰川中形成于1955年—1998年，长度为14．08米的冰芯中记录的有机酸含量的分析，充分证明了天山地区的大气已经受到了人为污染。由中国科学院研究员李心清与中国气象局局长、中国科学院院士秦大河和中国科学院研究员丁文慈合作撰写的论文，刊登在近日出版的中国科技核心期刊《矿物岩石地球化学通报》第25卷增刊上。  相似文献   

气相色谱法测定土壤中丙酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸     

李建红  王志畅 《华东地质学院学报》2006,29(4):376-378

用对甲苯磺酸对有机酸进行衍生化,没有太多的条件限制,方法简便,建立的分析方法应用于土壤中低分子量有机酸的测定,样品分析结果平均RSD在5%以内,平均回收率为97.1%~98.2%。本方法具有简单、高效灵敏、回收率高、重复性好等优点,可用于各种植物、食品、药材中低分子量有机酸的含量测定。  相似文献   

梯度淋洗法在雪冰样品有机酸测试分析中的应用     

崔晓庆  任贾文  刘伟刚  王晓香 《冰川冻土》2006,28(3):360-363

离子色谱法是分析有机酸的有效方法之一,而梯度淋洗可一次分离与固定相亲合力差异较大的多种有机酸和无机阴离子,改善离子的色谱峰形,提高分离度和选择性.雪冰是记录有机酸的良好载体,对雪冰中有机酸的研究可认识过去大气中相应化合物含量及其变化,从而恢复过去生态环境和气候变化.利用Dx-600离子色谱仪及外加水梯度洗脱程序对南极雪冰样品中的有机酸离子组分进行了测试和分析,初步探讨雪冰中有机酸离子特征及其对雪冰化学记录的影响.  相似文献   

低分子有机酸对聚合羟基铁铝-蒙脱石复合体吸附磷的影响     

丁葵英  朱茂旭  董静  孙军 《矿物学报》2010,30(1)

在一定条件下,利用钠基化蒙脱石(Na-Mt)合成聚合羟基铁铝-蒙脱石复合体(HyFeAl-Mt),M3+/Mt比为10mmol/g,Fe3+/Al3+摩尔比分别为0.1、0.2和0.5。研究了酸性和弱酸性条件下低分子有机酸(以柠檬酸、草酸和苹果酸为代表)及其添加顺序对HyFeAl-Mt复合体吸附磷的影响。结果表明,低分子有机酸对HyFeAl-Mt复合体吸附磷有抑制作用,且随着低分子有机酸浓度的增加愈加明显,酸性条件下的抑制作用比弱酸性条件下明显;低分子有机酸羧基个数越多、分子结构越大,对HyFeAl-Mt对吸附磷的影响越大;酸性环境中低分子有机酸与磷共存时,磷吸附曲线较好地符合Freundlich方程,且其对磷在HyFeAl-Mt0.2上的最大吸附量影响较小;磷与低分子有机酸的添加顺序不同也影响HyFeAl-Mt复合体对磷的吸附。  相似文献   

紫外光诱导化学蒸气发生-氩/氢火焰原子荧光光谱法测定生物样品中的硒     

陈杜军  徐进勇 《矿物学报》2011,(Z1)

光诱导化学蒸气发生是一种可以替代传统化学蒸气发生的简单的方法(Guo等,2003,2004;Su等,2008;He等(2007)。在这个新式的进样方法中,低分子量的有机酸在紫外光照射下会形成气体形态。它有很多优点,比如可以避免使用不稳定的钾和钠的硼氢化物以及减少过渡  相似文献   

硅酸盐矿物分解细菌Bacillus globisporus Q12与云母矿物相互作用的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄智  何琳燕  黄静  王琪  盛下放 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2011,30(3):286-291

土壤矿物与微生物相互作用对土壤中一系列生态过程产生重要影响。本文通过对培养液进行K、Si、Fe、Al等元素分析,测定了菌株生长与代谢产物,结合扫描电镜和透射电镜的观察,研究了钾矿物表生硅酸盐矿物分解细菌Bacillus globis-porusQ12菌株与云母矿物(黑云母和白云母)的相互作用规律。结果表明,不同的云母矿物对B.globisporusQ12菌株的生长与代谢有不同影响;与白云母相比,黑云母更适合B.globisporusQ12菌株的生长与酸性代谢产物(如有机酸等)的合成;供试菌株能促进黑云母和白云母矿物中K、Si、Fe、Al等元素的释放。扫描电镜、透射电镜观察与能谱分析发现,B.globisporusQ12菌株能在云母矿物表面定殖,加速云母矿物的风化;菌体自身也能吸附培养液中离子和矿物碎片而形成新的矿物。  相似文献