防城港核电站周边海域绿潮藻类的组成及时空分布          下载免费PDF全文

张燕  徐惠民  关春江 《海洋开发与管理》2023,40(8):70-76

绿潮通常由石莼属（Ulva）藻类形成,可对沿岸工业、旅游等产生不利影响,甚至影响核电站冷却水取水安全。河口和富营养化的沿海地区是易发生绿潮的区域,钦州湾呈富营养化态势。为了解钦州湾大型海藻对防城港核电站冷却水取水安全的影响,文章调查评估2020年12月至2022年2月退潮期间钦州湾西侧潮间带的大型绿藻生长情况。结果表明：钦州湾冬、春季有绿潮发生,时间为12月至翌年2月,持续时间约3个月,其中1月生物量最高,3月逐渐消失;绿潮持续时间的决定性因素是海水温度,绿潮发生月份与低纬度的厦门等地相近,而与中高纬度地区差异较大;钦州湾绿潮由3种石莼属藻类组成,按出现时间先后分别为条浒苔（Ulva clathrate）、肠浒苔（Ulva intestinalis）和长石莼（缘管浒苔）（Ulva linza）;钦州湾绿潮为石莼属藻类本土生长类型,目前未发现外地漂移来的藻类;钦州湾海水营养盐浓度较高,利于石莼属藻类生长;人类活动抑制石莼属藻类生长,滩涂养殖区未发现石莼属藻类;钦州湾绿潮对核电站冷却水安全取水具有潜在危害。  相似文献   

硝态氮对库区水体藻类和细菌群落的影响     

郑鑫  王文静  盛彦清 《湖泊科学》2023,35(6):1917-1926

水体富营养化极易引起湖泊水库如藻类水华等水生态系统环境问题。氮素作为初级生产力的限制性生源要素之一,认识其在水华形成过程中潜在作用至关重要。本研究选取胶东半岛低碳高氮水库水体进行模拟实验,通过添加不同剂量硝态氮,探究高硝态氮输入对库区水体藻类和细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明:(1)当硝态氮作为唯一氮源,随着培养时间延长,硝态氮浓度显著下降,亚硝态氮和氨氮浓度逐渐升高,表明微藻和细菌共同作用可能将硝态氮转化为亚硝态氮和氨氮;(2)当硝态氮浓度为6 mg/L时,藻类叶绿素a浓度达到最高值,随着硝态氮浓度升高,叶绿素a浓度则会降低;(3)添加硝态氮后,蓝藻门成为优势藻类,绿藻门次之;变形菌门相对丰度显著升高。研究结果为低碳高氮类水体暴发蓝绿藻水华及有效防控提供理论依据和技术支撑。  相似文献   

珠江口盆地惠州凹陷烃源岩发育的主控因素分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马宁  侯读杰  施和生  朱俊章 《东北石油大学学报》2012,(3):19-24,33,6

根据烃源岩地球化学、岩石学、沉积学等特征,分析惠州凹陷2套烃源岩的地球化学特征及烃源岩发育的主控因素.结果表明:文昌组中深湖相烃源岩形成于缺氧的还原环境,母质输入主要为低等水生生物和菌藻类,生烃潜力较好;恩平组河沼相煤系泥岩母质输入以陆源高等植物为主,生油潜力不及文昌组中深湖相泥岩;文昌组时期的表层水中浮游植物繁盛和湖底贫氧环境有利于优质烃源岩的形成,同时烃源岩的非均质性受沉积相和基准面旋回升降变化的控制,在最大湖泛面附近容易形成优质烃源岩.  相似文献   

Research on the discrimination methods of algae based on the fluorescence excitation spectra     

HU Xupeng  SU Rongguo  ZOU Weiming  REN Shijun  WANG Hongtao  CHAI Xiaoping  WANG Yiming 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(4):116-128

The excitation spectra of chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence can be used to differentiate phytoplankton populations at phylum level in vivo and in situ within a few minutes.The investigated phytoplankton divisions (Dinophyta,Bacillariophyta,Chrysophyta,Cyanophyta,Cryptophyta,Chlorophyta) are each characterized by a specific composition of photosynthetic antenna pigments and,consequently,by a specific excitation spectrum of the Chl fluorescence.Norm excitation spectra (emission of 680 nm and excitation of 400–600 nm) of every division were obtained from several species per division by a F4500 fluorescence spectrophotometer.Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis of the norm spectra shows that the divisions could be discriminated.The discrimination method,established by multivariate linear regression and weighted least squares,was used to differentiate the phytoplankton samples cultured in the laboratory and samples collected from the Jiaozhao Bay at division level.The correctly discriminated samples were more than 94% for single algal species ones,more than 84% for simulatively mixed ones,more than 83% for real mixed ones and 100% for samples collected from the Jiaozhou Bay for the dominant species.The method for phytoplankton differentiation described here can be applied to routine checking by fluorescence spectrophotometer,and benefit the monitoring and supervision tasks related to phytoplankton populations in the marine environments.  相似文献   

Oomycetes and fungi: important parasites on marine algae     

LI Wei  ZHANG Tianyu  TANG Xuexi  WANG Bingyao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(5):74-81

Considering that the field is largely unexplored and its importance to aquaculture, outline of oomycetes and fungi parasiting on marine algae was provided in this paper, including 15 species of oomycetes, six species of chytrids, 31 Ascomycota species and one species of mitosporic fungi. In natrue, both the oomycetes and chytrids frequently occurred and induced prevalences of disease which could destroy the populations of host plants greatly. However, the parasites in Ascomycota on algae have never occurred as epidemics so far. Some issues relating to the field were discussed such as performing tests to satisfy Koch''s postulates, investigations of host specificity, interactions between host and parasite and the potential effects of environmental factors on occurrence of a disease, which are urgent in need of further investigations.  相似文献   

Nonculturability of the pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in live culture of Grateloupia turuturu is associated with bacterial attachment to the algal thalli     

LIU Feng  PANG Shaojun 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(6):92-103

The invasive red alga Grateloupia turuturu Yamada could turn Vibrio parahaemolyticus into nonculturable state in live algal culture. In order to elucidate the mechanism of such an effect, a series of culture experiments were performed in this investigation based on three hypothesized causes, namely bacterial attachment, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the discharge of water soluble secondary metabolic compounds. The results reveal that attachment to the thallus surface of G. turuturu was the major reason for the decrease of V. parahaemolyticus in seawater. Further investigations show that V. parahaemolyticus attachment to the surface of algal thallus in live cultures of seaweeds was a common phenomenon. However, the disappearance of the culturability of V. parahaemolyticus occurred only on the thallus of G. turuturu over 72 h among all six algal species tested. Electron microscopic scanning shows that most of V. parahaemolyticus attached to G. turuturu changed from the initial normal bacilli to coccoid-shape after 72 h. The enclosure experiments by enclosing the algal thallus in tubes demonstrate that the nonculturability of V. parahaemolyticus in the water of live culture of G. turuturu occurred after the physical contact of the V. parahaemolyticus to the alga. The capacity of G. turuturu in affecting the culturability of V. parahaemolyticus was not influenced after inhibition of photosynthesis by treatment of 3''-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1'',1''-dimethyl urea (DCMU) at non-lethal levels. Production of reactive oxygen species after addition of live culture of bacteria was excluded by on-line analyzing the oxidation of dichlorohydrofluorescein (DCFH) to dichlorofluorescein (DCF) in the presence of peroxidase on a VersaFluor fluorometer.  相似文献   

藻类基因转录调控研究进展     

魏炜  孟春晓  秦松 《海洋通报》2006,25(4):78-84

转录调控是基因表达调控的重要方式。转录调控的研究主要集中在启动子的克隆与分析、反式作用因子(即DNA结合蛋白)的检测及转录量的检测三方面。介绍了基因组步移、凝胶阻滞、酵母双杂交系统、cDNA微阵列等基因转录调控的常用研究方法,并对藻类基因转录调控的最新研究进展进行了评述。  相似文献   

风场对藻类在太湖中迁移影响的动力学研究   总被引：36，自引：10，他引：26  

朱永春  蔡启铭 《湖泊科学》1997,9(2):152-158

在Ｗｅｂｓｔｅｒ等人工作的基础上,以三维湖流为背景,考虑了波浪及藻类自身浮力的影响,建立了一个太湖梅梁湾三维藻类迁多模型,以研究在不同几场作用下藻类在湖泊中的迁移过程。模拟结果表明,不同风场对于藻类在湖泊中的水平及垂直分布影响很大,并且存在着一临界风速,其范围在２－３ｍ／ｓ之间,当几速小于临床风速时,水面可以拟看作水动力学光滑,没有波浪产生,在水表面藻类顺着风向迅速的向迎风岸的边漂移,形成藻类大量  相似文献   

三峡水库成库后水体中COD_Mn、BOD₅空间变化   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张晟  李崇明  吕平毓  高吉喜  高群杰  宋丹 《湖泊科学》2007,19(1):70-76

根据2004年2、5、8月,三峡水库成库后6个水平断面、4个垂直断面采样分析,对水体水质参数、DO以及CODMn和BOD5的水平分布和垂直分布进行了研究.研究结果表明,成库后BOD5达到国家地表水Ⅰ类标准,CODMn不同季节变化较大,水质范围在Ⅱ-Ⅳ类标准.BOD5、CODMn变化范围分别在0.1-1.3 mg/L,1.8-6.3 mg/L,受三峡水库成库的影响,水平分布上,DO、CODMn、BODs在成库区域低于上游区;CODMn含量丰水期＞平水期＞枯水期;BODs浓度降低主要与污染物停留时间变长有关,CODMn主要是与泥沙沉积有关.垂直分布上,污染物3个层次变化不显著,未出现分层现象.枯水期、平水期、丰水期颗粒态含量占总CODMn范围分别为5.5%-27.3%,9.1%-28.8%,48.6%-78.3%.三峡水库对CODMn、BOD5有净化作用,枯水期成库区域通量CODMn、BODs比上游区降低44%、76%,平水期降低13.5%,32%,丰水期降低31.8%、19.1%.各采样站点有机物通量和流量有显著的相关性.大宁河库湾受浮游藻类生长的影响,DO饱和率高于干流库区.  相似文献   

武汉东湖底栖藻类在不同基质上生长的比较   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

裴国凤  刘梅芳 《湖泊科学》2009,21(3):357-362

测定了富营养化武汉东湖中的底栖藻类在不同人工基质上建群发展为成熟群落的生物量(Chl.a),定性分析了人工和天然基质上成熟硅藻群落的种类组成和结构特征.通过比较建群期间底栖藻类在花岗岩、玻璃、塑料(PVC)和木板4种不同人工基质上的生物量变化,发现底栖藻类在PVC上的生物量峰值(Chl.a,71.0μg/cm2)明显高于其它人工基质,说明PVC是最适合底柄藻类生长的人工基质.分析发现人工基质花岗岩上底柄硅藻群落的种类组成、主要优势种类、群落的相似性指数、多样性指数都和天然基质上的硅藻群落是高度相似的,显示该人工基质能够代表天然基质上的藻类群落,表明花岗岩应该是以底栖藻类作指示生物监测和评价水质的理想人工基质.  相似文献